Attenuation, distortion, and noise are the main causes of transmission impairments. Attenuation is the reduction of signal strength during transmission, distortion alters the original signal shape, and noise is random electrical interference from internal and external sources that disrupts signal reception. These transmission impairments degrade, weaken, and contaminate signals as they travel through transmission mediums.

1. BY:- AVINASH KUMAR

2. TRANSMISSION IMPAIRMENTS
A transmission is a property of transmission medium
which causes the signal to be degraded, reduced in
amplitude, distorted and contaminated.
Main cause of transmission impairments are:-
* Attenuation
* Distortion
* Noise

3. Attenuation
* Attenuation is the reduction of the signal
strength during the transmission . It is the
opposite of the implication and is normal when
the signal is sent from one point to another .
* It is basically affects the propagation of waves
and signals in the electrical circuits.
* Attenuation is measured in decibel.

4. * Amplifier is used for compensate the
energy by amplifying the energy.

5. Distortion
* Distortion is known as the alternation of the
original signal .
* This happens in the wireless transmissions or
composite signals because the medium get changed by
the time.
* When the distortion occurs ,shape of the waveform
is changed.
The various types of distortion:-
* Amplitude
* Harmonic
* Phase

6. * For electromagnetic waves polarization distortions
also occurs.

7. Noise
* The random and unpredicted electrical signal
coming from both internal and external portion of the
system which interfere the reception of required signal
is called noise.
* Noise basically interfere the transmission from
sender to receiver.

8. Thank
you
Avinash