The document discusses the process of protein synthesis through translation, where mRNA information is converted into an amino acid sequence with the help of tRNAs and ribosomes. It outlines the stages of translation, the required components, and the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation processes. Key differences include ribosome sizes, locations of the process, and stability of the translation machinery.

1. TRANSLATION
S Y N T H E S I S O F P R OT E I N F R O M m R N A

2. PRESENTED BY:
A L I H A S S A N

3. TRANSLATION
• Translation is the process of protein synthesis.
• The information encoded in the mRNA is translated
into amino acid sequence through the joint activity of
the tRNAs and ribosomes.

4. STAGES OF TRANSLATION
• INITIATION
• ELONGATION
• TERMINATION

5. TRANSLATION REQUIRES:
• Ribosomes
• Amino Acids
• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
• Enzymes
(Aminoacyl synthetase, Aminoacyl peptidase)
• ATP

7. FACTORS FOR TRANSLTION
1. Initiation factor
2. Elongation factor
3. Releasing factor

9. DIFFERENCE B/W PRO & EUKARYOTIC
TRANSLATION
PROKARYOTIC CELL
• 30S and 50S =70S Ribosomes
• Occur in the cytoplasm
• Starting with N-formyl
methionine
• Unstable – live for few seconds
to 2 mins
• Faster process
EUKARYOTIC CELL
• 40S and 60S =80S Ribosomes
• Occur in the nucleus
• Starting with methionine
• Stable – live for few hours to
days
• Slower process

10. THE END