Translation in prokaryotes involves mRNA being used to produce a polypeptide chain. It begins with the initiation of a complex including the small ribosomal subunit, mRNA, and initiator tRNA. Elongation then occurs through the addition of amino acids to the growing chain via charged tRNAs. Termination happens when release factors bind to stop codons on the mRNA and allow dissociation of the completed protein from the ribosome.

1. Translation In Prokaryote

2. Translation
 The process in which transcribed mRNA is used to
produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide.

3. DNA
RNA(mRNA)
Proteins
Transcription
Replication
Translation

4. Steps in Translation
 Activating of Amino Acids
 Charging of tRNA (Amino Acylation of tRNA).
 Activation of Ribosome's
 Synthesis of polypeptide
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
• Modification of polypeptide chain

5. Raw Material
 Amino Acids
 mRNA
 tRNA
 Ribosome
 Initiation factors, Termination factors.
 Enzymes(Aminoacyl tRNA synthase, Peptide
polymerase system)
 Inorganic cations such as Mg2+ ,k+ , NH+

6. Ribosome

7. mRNA

8. tRNA

9. Activation of Amino acids
Amino acids + ATP
Aminoacyl tRNA synthase
+
Mg2+
AA-AMP-complex
+
PPi

10. Charging of tRNA
AA-AMP-Enzyme + 3` tRNA
tRNA-AA-complex
Aminoacyl tRNA
synthase
• Aminoacyl tRNA complex is tRNA carrying Amino acid so called as
Adaptor tRNA

11. Synthesis of Polypeptide chain
 Three step process:-
- Initiation:-
-formation of initiation complex
- Elongation:-
- adding of amino acids to polypeptide chain
- Termination
- detachment of polypeptide chain from
translational complex

12. Initiation
• initiation factor:-
• IF1- stabilize smaller subunit of ribosome with mRNA.
• IF2- binds with initiator fMet-tRNAfMet.
• IF3- inhibit joining of larger subunit with smaller subunit.
30s subunit
30 s –IF1-IF3
IF1 + IF3

13. 30s- IF - IF3
30s-IF2-fMet tRNAfMet- mRNA
fMet-tRNA fMet
+
mRNA
+
IF2-GTP
This called Pre-Initiation complex

14. 30s-IF2-fMet tRNAfMet- mRNA
70 S -fMet tRNAfMet- mRNA
(70 S Initiation complex)

15. Elongation
• Addition of new
charged tRNA at A
• Peptide bonding between
fMet(Amino acid) and new
amino acid on tRNA

16. Translocation
• Shifting of A site tRNA
to P site.
• Shifting of P site tRNA
to E site.

17. • Repeating of cycle:-
- Addition of charged tRNA
- bonding between the amino
acids
- Translocation
- exit of uncharged tRNA
from E site

18. Termination
 Termination codons:-
- UAA, UAG, UGA
 Releasing Factors:-
- RF1, RF2.

20. Summary
 Formation of initiation complex
- binding of 30s subunit to tRNA
- binding of 50s subunit(70 s complex)
 Elongation:-
- addition of new amino acids
 Termination:-
- Binding of Releasing factors.