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Transitions In Hydraulic Engngineering
The document discusses the impact of the Delta Works project in the Netherlands on recent developments in hydraulic engineering. The Delta Works project involved large-scale flood protection works completed in the 1970s, including storm surge barriers and coastal defenses. This project stimulated new research and innovation, leading to transitions in techniques such as the use of geotextiles and composite filters, load-based filter design, block revetments, and consideration of environmental impacts in project design. The Delta Works had a significant influence on advancing knowledge and practice in hydraulic engineering.
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Transitions In Hydraulic Engngineering
- 1. Transitions in Hydraulic Engineering Impact of the Delta Works on the Recent Developments in Hydraulic Engineering Krystian W. Pilarczyk (former) Rijkswaterstaat Hydraulic Engineering Institute, Delft krystian.pilarczyk@gmail.com
- 2. Transitions in Hydraulic Engineering Content: • Introduction • (brief) History of Netherlands in coping floods • Delta Works overview • Impact of Delta Works on recent developments in hydraulic engineering • Conclusions - erosion – scour - closures – bottom protection – revetments – filters – geotextiles
- 3. Introduction The Netherlands Low-lying country With dikes "God created the world, and the Dutch created Without dikes the Netherlands"
- 4. Dutch History "God created the world, and the Dutch created the Netherlands" Flood protection in The Netherlands through the centuries
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- 6. Watersystem & Rainfallproblems in NL Storage Storage Storage land River Sea Polder water water water "God created the world, and the Dutch created the Netherlands."
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- 8. Turning point: Disaster 1953 Dike breaches and inundation
- 9. Why is flooddefence important ? Flood events: flood event damage victims Sea 1953 ƒ 1.500 106 1835 Meuse 1993 ƒ 250 106 ---- 6 Rhine 1995 ƒ 500 10 ---- Meuse 1995 ƒ 165 106 ---- Rainfall 1998 ƒ 1.100 106 ---- Road and Hydraulic Engineering Devision, Delft 1 US $=2 f We can not avoid the floods but we can/must minimize the consequences (victims, economical damage) High safety standards needed
- 10. 1997 From Disaster 1953 (open)Eastern Scheldt barrier Western Scheldt to Delta Works Antwerp Deltaplan
- 11. Closure Techniques Dike wheel Scour hole Caisson-closure Cable-line (also during the 1st stage Eastern Scheldt closure) scour Bottom protection
- 12. From Closed toOpen Eastern Scheldt Project Environment & Ecology 1973 start discussion on environmental issues !974 stop execution full closure 1976 decision Open Storm Surge Barrier http://foto.telenet.be/photo-gallery/tags/label-oosterschelde.html
- 13. Storm-surge barrier EasternScheldt Final
- 14. From the pastto the present Eastern Scheldt Zierikzee Rotterdam City rights 1248 Vlissingen Zierikzee Eastern Scheldt View from the Expo Center Vlissingen Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier http://www.zierikzee-monumentenstad.nl/
- 15. Techniques Overview of the Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier scour – bottom protection – foundation – superstructure – high tolerance requirements
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- 20. Transition into integrated/multidisciplinaryapproach Transitions in hydraulic engineering Impact Delta Works Soil –Water – Structure interactions but also Environment Environmental Impact Assessment
- 21. Transition from deterministicto probabilistic approach Design Philosophy & Methodology Failure or inundation Risk <Typ naam hier> Loading <Typ titel hier> Resistance <Typ naam hier> <Typ naam hier> <Typ naam hier> <Typ titel hier> <Typ titel hier> <Typ titel hier> Failure modes & Failure tree
- 22. Transition from traditionalto Closure by dumped modern techniques method (rock, blocks, bags) Closing using cable-line techniques • Gradual closures – Horizontal – Vertical Principles of closure techniques • Sand closures – Pipe discharged – Dumped • Sudden closures – Caissons
- 23. Transition to innovativetechniques Sand Closures
- 24. Techniques & problems Grevelingen Dam and sluice (Siphon) High salinity Density Low salinity current High salinity and erosion Low salinity
- 25. Scour and Bottom protection 600m
- 26. Scour and Bottomprotection Eastern Scheldt Barrier
- 27. Research as designtool Scour research Scour prediction
- 28. Scour research Prototype tests Brouwersdam Discharge sluice
- 29. Scour prototype results undermining Prediction instability of upper slope - still a problem
- 30. Flow slides Flow slide (Zeeland) schematic view of a flow-slide After flow-slide Before flow-slide
- 31. Liquefaction and flow slide in sand maximum 200m Average slope Shear failure 30 m after flo w s lide in sand maximum 50 m average slope clay 30 m loose sand after flow slide with cla y on top
- 32. Scour & bottom protection design rules
- 33. Transition in designtechniques of revetments Revetments Riprap/rubble mound structures From Hudson: Hs/∆Dn50 = (KD cotα)1/3 0.2 Hs = 6.2 0.18 ⎛ S ⎞ -0.5 Into Van der Meer: P ⎜ ⎟ ξm ∆ Dn 50 ⎝ N⎠
- 34. From riprap intopitched stone/blocks Block Revetments Internal erosion
- 35. Bank To Rotterdam Protection Basic research Model tests Prototype tests Also PIANC guidelines Application To Antwerp
- 36. environmental Techniques Salt-fresh water separation
- 37. Transition in filterdesign: from extension of design criteria for filters geometrically closed into load-based design Granular Filters Various test facilities
- 38. Filters From granular filters into geotextiles and composite filters ; from geometrically open to hydrodynamically sandtight (based on loading) geotextiles
- 39. Filters Possible extension ofdesign criteria for filters
- 40. Some other aspects • Geosynthetics • Geosystems • Waste & Alternative materials • Technology Transfer
- 41. Dissemination of knowledge Validation
- 42. Knowledge development: Laboratorytests Simulation of the flow through a dikeTesting grass cover as revetment gap Delta flume
- 44. Transition into AlternativeTechniques Sand and clay bags closure Granular filters from brick material
- 45. Conclusions Largeprojects (like Delta Works) need usually some specific solutions. It stimulates new research and innovation, which contribute strongly to new developments in hydraulic & coastal engineering A systematic & comprehensive approach must be taken to solve stream & shoreline problems
- 46. Knowledge is Knowledge cycles always going ahead We are always in Transition
- 47. Thank you for yourattention Further information: www.Tawinfo.nl www.deltawerken.com
- 48. I wish youa pleasant stay in the Netherlands
- 49. The end www.enwinfo.nl, (english,downloads)