Transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladeder
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The document provides information on transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, including: - It is the second most common genitourinary cancer in the US, more common in men than women and blacks than whites. - Risk factors include smoking, exposure to chemicals like benzidine and cyclophosphamide, and certain medical conditions. - Diagnosis involves tests like urine cytology, cystoscopy, and imaging. Staging evaluates extent of invasion and spread. - Treatment depends on stage but may include transurethral resection, chemotherapy, immunotherapy like BCG, and sometimes radical cystectomy.
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2. Bladder cancer which is usually transitional cell carcinoma caused by smoking. Symptoms include hematuria and can be staged from superficial to muscle invasive to metastatic. Treatment depends on stage.
3. Prostate cancer which spreads via bone and lymph nodes and is staged using TNM. It is assessed using PSA and treated with surgery, radiation or hormone therapy depending on risk level.
Testicular tumors-Cassification, Biomarkers and Staging by Dr Rajesh
This document discusses testicular tumors, including:
- Germ cell tumors are the most common type, comprising 95% of cases. Seminomas and non-seminomatous germ cell tumors are the main subtypes.
- Important biomarkers for testicular cancer include AFP, HCG, LDH, and PLAP. Elevated levels can indicate the presence of a non-seminoma.
- Staging is important and is based on whether the cancer is confined to the testis or has spread to lymph nodes or other organs. Spread beyond the retroperitoneum is considered stage III.
- Diagnostic workup involves imaging like ultrasound, CT, MRI and PET scans
Management Of Testicular Tumours
1. Testicular cancer is most common in young men aged 20-40 years and 90-95% are germ cell tumors.
2. Survival rates have improved to over 95% for stage I and II seminomas and 90% for stage I non-seminomas due to better understanding of the disease, use of tumor markers, and cisplatin chemotherapy.
3. Treatment involves radical orchidectomy followed by radiotherapy for seminomas or lymph node dissection/chemotherapy for non-seminomas depending on stage.
CARCINOMA URINARY BLADDER
This document provides an overview of bladder cancer presented by Dr. Vikas Kumar. Some key points:
- Bladder cancer is the 9th most common cancer worldwide and the 13th most common cause of death. Risk factors include smoking, occupational exposures, infections, and genetic factors.
- At initial presentation, 80% of bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive. Staging involves evaluating the extent of primary tumor invasion and spread to lymph nodes and distant organs.
- Diagnosis involves cystoscopy, urine cytology, and imaging tests. Random bladder biopsies are also recommended to detect cancers that cannot be seen.
- For non-muscle invasive cancers, the main treatment is transure
BLADDER CARCINOMA.pdf
A presentation that will help clinicians attain the basic diagnostic skills required to effectively manage patients.
NMIBC.pptx
Non-Muscle Invasive Carcinoma Bladder Management Protocol.
CT (chest, pelvis)/MRI for muscle invasive disease only
Before TURBT if MI suspected
CT/MRI overstaged local tumor
80% accurate for local staging
80% accuracy for LN disease (>1cm)
PET no additional value
Rectal carcinoma approach
The document discusses recent advances in the management of rectal cancer. It covers:
1. Molecular biology advances like DNA chip technology that help determine prognosis and need for prophylactic surgery based on genes like APC, mismatch repair genes, and markers like p21 and p53.
2. Improved staging using endorectal ultrasound, CT, MRI and PET scans to accurately determine tumor depth and node involvement to guide treatment decisions.
3. Advances in surgery including total mesorectal excision, laparoscopic and robotic techniques, and the use of neoadjuvant chemoradiation to improve outcomes.
Rectal cancer
Rectal cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death after lung cancer. It occurs most often in those over 50 years old. Adenocarcinoma makes up 98% of rectal cancers. Diagnostic workup includes physical exam, proctoscopy, colonoscopy, MRI or CT scan to determine tumor stage. Treatment depends on stage but may include surgery such as transanal resection or total mesorectal excision, with the goal of removing the tumor and lymph nodes. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are also often used. Prognosis depends on stage, with 5-year survival rates over 90% for early stage but less than 3% for metastatic disease.
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
This document discusses locally advanced rectal cancer and options for individualizing treatment. It begins with an overview of anatomy, staging, evaluation, and current management strategies such as neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by surgery and adjuvant therapy. Prognostic factors and future directions including total neoadjuvant therapy and non-operative ("watch and wait") approaches are also mentioned. Clinical trials have shown that preoperative chemoradiation reduces local recurrence rates compared to postoperative chemoradiation or surgery alone.
Bladder carcinoma
This document provides information about bladder carcinoma, including:
1. Bladder carcinoma is the most common cancer of the urinary tract, affecting men more than women. It is most common in the elderly, around ages 67-70.
2. Risk factors include family history, chemical exposure, smoking, irradiation, arsenic exposure, and urinary disorders. Preneoplastic abnormalities and carcinoma in situ can develop.
3. Transitional cell carcinoma accounts for 90% of bladder cancers and can range from low to high grade. Staging involves determining if the cancer is superficial, invasive, or metastatic. Treatment depends on the stage and grade.
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Transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladeder
- 1. Welcome
- 2. TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF URINARY BLADEDER Presented by DR. Md.Rezaul Karim FCPS (Surgery) MS Urology Thesis Part Student Urology Department, BSMMU, Dhaka.
- 4. Etiology & Risk factors Schistosoma haematobium Artificial sweeteners Coffee & tea drinking Tryptophan metabolites Radiotherapy Metal works Chronic irritation Hair dresser, Painter Cyclophosphamide Rubber fire industry Analgesics (phenacetin) Textile industries Lather industries Cigarette smoking Risk factors are
- 56. Thank you