The document discusses mental health issues among transgender communities in India. It notes that transgender individuals frequently experience depression, deliberate self-harm, suicide attempts, substance abuse, anxiety disorders, and adjustment disorders due to stigma, discrimination, family rejection, lack of support, and pressures to beg or engage in sex work. Access to appropriate medical care including counseling, hormone therapy, and gender-affirming surgeries is also discussed. Close coordination between mental health and other medical services is important for optimal transgender healthcare.
Transgender people are those who have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex.
Transgender people are sometimes called transsexual if they desire medical assistance to transition from one gender to another.
Transgender people are those who have a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex.
Transgender people are sometimes called transsexual if they desire medical assistance to transition from one gender to another.
this slide created to give knowledge about trans gender in india. it also covers the section of indian penal code and supreme court's decision ,related to them.
This is the first phase (qualitative) of the current project we are working on with the supervision of University Malaya and Yale School of Medicine.It will be publish as IBBS 2013 by end of the year. This slide is just a rough picture of what we are doing at the moment. This is copyright protected!
Children's interpretation of the abuse, whether or not they disclose the experience, and how quickly they report it also affects the short- and long-term consequences. Children who are able to confide in a trusted adult and who are believed experience less trauma than children who do not disclose the abuse. Furthermore, children who disclose the abuse soon after its occurrence may be less traumatized than those children who live with the secret for years.
I believe that Learning the facts about childhood sexual abuse helps to prevent it.
Talking about it helps to prevent it.
Getting involved helps to prevent it.
Pratima Nayak
Child Sexual Abuse: Understanding the IssuesJane Gilgun
Many people are sexually abused, girls and boys. This slideshow provides accurate information that is not widely available. Important information for survivors and those who love them.
Deals with the issue of child sexual abuse, how to identify the signs, how to handle situations related to child sexual abuse and penalties imposed by law, how to help a child who is a victim of sexual abuse and how to protect your child from sexual abuse.
this slide created to give knowledge about trans gender in india. it also covers the section of indian penal code and supreme court's decision ,related to them.
This is the first phase (qualitative) of the current project we are working on with the supervision of University Malaya and Yale School of Medicine.It will be publish as IBBS 2013 by end of the year. This slide is just a rough picture of what we are doing at the moment. This is copyright protected!
Children's interpretation of the abuse, whether or not they disclose the experience, and how quickly they report it also affects the short- and long-term consequences. Children who are able to confide in a trusted adult and who are believed experience less trauma than children who do not disclose the abuse. Furthermore, children who disclose the abuse soon after its occurrence may be less traumatized than those children who live with the secret for years.
I believe that Learning the facts about childhood sexual abuse helps to prevent it.
Talking about it helps to prevent it.
Getting involved helps to prevent it.
Pratima Nayak
Child Sexual Abuse: Understanding the IssuesJane Gilgun
Many people are sexually abused, girls and boys. This slideshow provides accurate information that is not widely available. Important information for survivors and those who love them.
Deals with the issue of child sexual abuse, how to identify the signs, how to handle situations related to child sexual abuse and penalties imposed by law, how to help a child who is a victim of sexual abuse and how to protect your child from sexual abuse.
Ziyadah Muhammad
QS 300
Clements
The invisible People
Transgender people are individuals who experience discomfort with their biological male or female gender. The term transgender is used to refer to a broad range of nonconforming gender identities. Their gender identity and expression are different from those that society expects, especially with it comes to binary rules. Trans people are the “invisible people” in the world that get unrecognized. It is estimated that there are 15 million trans people globally. Due to the fact that trans people undergo a transformation that is not understood by most of society, they face discrimination and hate their entire life.
Transgender people in our society are also a population that are at a high risk for health problems. I will discuss how a high population of transgender individuals have to engage in survival sex. I will also focus on risky prostitution and sex work throughout the world in the transgender community. The high risk and percentage of HIV is growing within the community due to prostitution. I will also discuss further on how discrimination leads to these acts due to being denied employment and poverty.
The difficulties of meeting basic needs such as finding a job, housing and healthcare are due to others hating against them. Stigma and discrimination are faced on a community level and global. Society feels as though trans people are a threat and do not demonstrate the patriarchal idea of the “norm”. With that being said, many people are not comfortable and do not understand the condition that trans people are in so they turn them down in the workplace. According to The Fair Housing Act , discrimination because a person fails to confirm gender stereotypes is sex discrimination under federal civil right law. These laws protect sale of housing or condominiums and rental housing on a private market. Still, there is no national housing law that prohibits discrimination.
According to the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NTDS), transgender people are four times as likely to have an income under $10,000 and they are twice as likely to be unemployed as the typical person. More than 90% of trans people have either been denied employment , harassed or have gotten fired due to being that they are this has led many to not being able to turn to regular employment for income. Economically disadvantaged transgender people are forced to turn to homelessness and eventually engage in unprotected survival sex.
Survival sex is a global and life threatening issue for those who have to survive on the street. As a consequence of vulnerability to violence within communities, a large percentage of runaway or abandoned youth are transgender, lesbian, bisexual and gay. Pimps recruit those who are transgender due to the fact that they know it is easy to maintain control by manipulating them into believing that the pimp accepts them. Surgery to transform cost thousands of dollars. It is also expensi.
This is the Abstract Presentation of of Dr Saritha P Viswan. This presentation was part of the 14th session of #APCRSHR10 Virtual, on the theme of "Sexual orientation and gender identity and SRHR in Asia Pacific".
Chair: Dr Chivorn Var, Convener of APCRSHR10 and Executive Director of Reproductive Health Association of Cambodia (RHAC)
Plenary Speaker: CheyLeaphy Heng, Program Team Manager, Rainbow Community Kampuchea (RoCK) | "UPR as an advocacy strategy for SOGIE-SC issues in Cambodia"
ABSTRACT PRESENTERS:
* Saroj Tamang | Male-to-Female Transgender Community barrier and challenges in access of Sexual Health Services
* Saritha P Viswan | A review of transgender issues in India
* Sobo Malik | Limited Access to Health Rights Resulting in Increase Self Medication
* Ciptasari Prabhawanti | Sexual Identity, Sexual Orientation, Sexual Risk and Condom Use Behaviors of Clients of Transgender Sex Workers in Jakarta, Indonesia
For further information, visit www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual14
Conference website: www.apcrshr10cambodia.org or check out www.bit.ly/apcrshr10virtual
Thanks
1Ahile anyone can be sexu-ally assaulted in detention, tra.docxdrennanmicah
1
Ahile anyone can be sexu-ally assaulted in detention, transgender inmates are ex-ceptionally vulnerable to this
form of violence. One study of California
prisoners found that 59 percent of trans-
gender women housed in men’s prisons
had been sexually abused while incarcerat-
ed, as compared to 4 percent of non-trans-
gender inmates in men’s prisons.1 Making
matters worse, transgender inmates often
face prejudice and discrimination in the
aftermath of an assault.
The Basics about the Transgender
Community
People who are transgender have a gender
identity that is different from their as-
signed sex at birth. Everyone has a gender
identity – a sense of being male or female
(and for some, neither male nor female). A
transgender woman is someone who was
identified as male at birth but whose gen-
der identity is female and lives, or desires
to live, her life as a woman. A transgender
man is someone who was identified as fe-
male at birth but whose gender identity is
male and lives, or desires to live, his life as
a man. Gender identity and sexual orien-
tation are not the same thing – a trans-
gender person may identify as lesbian, gay,
bisexual, or heterosexual.
The federal government and almost every
state recognize transgender people’s right
to change their name and to have identifi-
cation documents with the gender marker
that matches their gender identity.2 Despite
that right, grave misconceptions about what
it means to be transgender are common, in
detention facilities and in society as a whole.
Some think that transgender people’s “true”
sex or gender is the one they were assigned at
birth. Others believe that transgender people
only become “real men” or “real women” after
they have had surgery, failing to recognize
that each person transitions in their own way
and that someone’s gender identity always is
that person’s “true” gender.
Most transgender people face discrimination.
Many are rejected by their families, denied
housing, and verbally abused simply for be-
ing themselves. Transgender people also
have a very hard time finding a job; employ-
ment discrimination forces many to become
involved in the street economy and in sur-
vival crime.3 Widespread bias and ignorance
among law enforcement and other officials
mean that transgender people are dispro-
portionately subjected to arrest and, in turn,
imprisonment.4
Transgender People in Detention
In most cases, corrections agencies make
gender classifications based on genitalia and
not a person’s gender identity. As such, trans-
gender women are held in men’s facilities
and called “he”; transgender men are held in
women’s facilities and called “she.”5
Transgender inmates face unique challenges
and extreme danger, fuelled by hostile and ill-
informed notions among officials and prison-
Targets for Abuse: Transgender
Inmates and Prisoner Rape
march.
Exploring Implications of the Impact of Mental Health Issues on Those Experiencing Domestic Violence in Same Sex and/or Trans Relationships, Catherine Donovan - a presentation at the A Difficult Alliance? Making Connections between Mental Health and Domestic Violence Research and Practice Agendas on 7 June 2011
Covers the causes, theories and recommendations for domestic violence. Also has many real life domestic violence stories that has occurred in Pakistan.
Research PaperAbout Strategies for detecting elderly abuse in n.docxeleanorg1
Research Paper
About :Strategies for detecting elderly abuse in nursing homes
I made the following essay but i need a research paper.
Abstract
This topic seeks to highlight the different approaches/strategies used to detect the various forms of elderly abuse in nursing homes and care facilities. Elderly abuse refers to the different forms of abuse subjected to elderly people living in nursing homes. These forms of abuse could be in the form of sexual harassment, physical, cultural, or verbal. Therefore, this paper seeks to determine the different approaches used to detect various forms of elderly abuse in nursing homes. The methods used would range from examining the elderly population in nursing homes through observation, determining their behavioral trends, interviewing them, caregivers, and close associates, like friends and family who visit the abused elderly people in nursing homes. By highlighting the various strategies for detecting abuse among the elderly in nursing care, the study results will therefore be used to propose appropriate remedies for curbing abuse among the elderly in nursing homes.
Neglect in nursing home care facilities is a common form of nursing abuse. Neglect outweighs other forms of nursing abuse because it can go for days, weeks, or even months unnoticed. Results of neglect result in deteriorating health conditions of the elderly and may lead to the premature death of the elderly people using the facility. Neglect manifests itself through reduced family involvement, where the caregivers don't update the family of elderly people in the nursing facility about their progressive wellbeing. Furthermore, even when family members visit the facility, neglect can still remain hidden. If the patient (the elderly person in nursing homes) is unable to communicate, the abuse may continue further, leading to health fatalities. The following strategies are used to detect abuse in nursing home care facilities.
Determining the state of psychological stability can be used to detect abuse among the elderly in nursing homes. Psychological distress among the elderly in nursing homes indicates abuse. Unlike children, the elderly are less likely to raise the alarm once abused or molested in nursing homes. Sexual abuse among the elderly manifests itself by forcing the elderly to watch pornographic content, molesting, raping, and sexually molesting subjects the elderly to psychological discomfort and stress. Psychological distress among the elderly comes in the form of deteriorated health that limits physical activity, isolation, and withdrawal, increased dependency, rapidly declining memory, and insomnia (Garma, 2017). If an elderly person in a nursing home shows these signs, there is a huge likelihood that they have been abused and are finding it hard to disclose the bitter truth in fear of further abuse. By determining the elderly's psychological stability, we can conclude if they have been abused or not
i.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
2. Introduction:
Mental health is intrinsically connected to cultural,
physical, sexual, psychosocial, and spiritual aspects of
health
Complete mental health care for the transgender
community must similarly be considered in the
context of a holistic approach to transgender health
that includes comprehensive primary care as well as
psychosocial care (Keatley, Nemoto, Sevelius, &
Ventura, 2004; Raj, 2002).
Close coordination between mental health and other
services is essential for optimal practice.
3. Methodology:
A FGD with transgenders,MSMs was held at
Sahodharan, A community based organization for
welfare of transgenders and MSM.The data thus
collected along with review of literature along with
the author’s experience have been synthesized into a
manual useful for mental health professionals.
4. Common Psychiatric diagnosis
/problem TGs usually have
Transgenders were forced out of their homes or chose to leave
home because of parental rejection or fear of rejection,
increasing their risk of homelessness, poverty, and associated
negative sequelae9. They are physically, verbally, and sexually
abused5, which gets manifested as depression, panic attacks,
suicidal ideation, psychological distress, body image disturbance
and eating disorders. We found the following to be common
among transgenders
1. Depression
2.Deliberate selfharm and sucidality
.3Alcohol and substance abuse
4.Anxiety disorders
5.Adjustment ddisorders
6.Severe mental illness
5. Depression in TGs
Emotional disorders including depression is highly
prevalent among transgenders.(Math &Seshadri 2013)
Most transgenders experience depression. The depression
may vary from mild to severe forms.
Transgenders experience stigma and discrimination in the
society. They lack family support. Most of them have lost
contact with families and have been abandoned by them.
Some of them may have contact with primary family but
even they do not have contact with extended families.
Although the transgenders provide money for their
families, the families do accept the money but not the
transgenders. This causes lot of stress
6. Most of them have experienced discrimination.
Transgenders while visiting shops have been harassed by
police. Shopkeepers also shoo away them which causes lot
of shame to them and dents their self esteem
They find it highly difficult to find employment in
mainstream sectors. When they identify the transgender or
MSM identity they usually loss their jobs.
Begging is common in trangenders. This also adds to their
poor self imga e and self esteem
Most of them indulge in sex work to earn money. This
again results in poor self image and self esteem. They also
feel ostracized.
7. During sex work the transgenders may refuse some of
the clients as they are drunk or violent.Then the
Transgenders may be forced to perform sex with these
people.some of the clients
In such instancesPolice may advise them to abstain
from sex work and not do anything to curtail the
violent behavior of the “clients “
Due to these various issues transgenders experience
some form of depression
8. Deliberate e self harm and
Suicidality in TGs
Deliberate e self harm includes harming oneself by cutting
a part of the body, usually forearms chest etc; This
behaviouir is common in borderline personality disorder.
Many Transgenders have co morbid borderline personality
disorder.
Usual precipitating factor for deliberate self harm is
relationship issues with panthis.many of them have
boyfriends called Panthis.The panthis are usually married
and might have family. Hence conflicts between
transgender and family usually results desertion of the
transgender by the panthis.
Also frequently the panthis are not loyal to The Tgs and
might flirt with other Tgs.This also results in emotional
turmoil for the Tgs resulting in deliberate self harm.
9. Suicide attempts:
Suicide attempts by consuming poison or tablet
overdose or pesticides are other methods. Jumping
from buildings ,Self immolation are other methods
Tgs resort to attempt suicde
10. Alcohol and substance abuse
Heavy alcohol drinking and use of drugs remain a
significant public health problem in the transgender
population
Almost 90 % -100% of Tgs drink alcohol. This is their only
relaxation to the various stresses they undergo. They also
say that they feel bold to face the unfriendly public. Even
when beaten up by Police if they are under influence of
alcohol they would not feel the pain. These are the various
reasons cited by Tgs to their indulgence in alcoholics. Many
of them have crossed the stage of alcohol use and have
reached the stage of alcohol abuse and alcohol
dependence.
11. Anxiety disorders:
Anxiety disorders are also common in trangenders
Many of them dancers.
Before stage performances, marked anxiety is reported
by some of them
12. Adjustment disorders:
Adjustment disorders are conditions where the person
experiences emotional and behavioural symptoms
due to a recent stressor . The symptoms may comprise
anxious or depressive symptoms.
As already discussed Tgs undergo multiple stressors.
Hence Adjustment disorder is also quite common in
TGs.
13. Housing
Sexual minorities find it difficult to get a house on
rent, and frequently change their residence.(Math
&Seshadri 2013).
Even when they find a house the MSM/Tgs have great
difficulties maintaining it and are in the perennial
danger of being evicted because of their identity and
appearance.
14. Influence of religions:
Some religions are more prohibitive towards TGs
whereas some others are more accepting towards
TGs.These attitudes of their religious groups influence
the TGs.
15. Educational issues:
Discrimination in colleges:
TGs are not allowed inside the premises of the
educational institutions. Hence, illiteracy is very
common among the TGs.
One of the TGs had to quit college as the authorities
did not permit him to have long hair. Discrimination is
very common in education institutes and many Tgs
discontinue studies because of that.
17. Discrimantion in Public places”
Tgs are not allowed inside hotels, hospitals, cinema
halls, and government offices as indeed in most public
spaces.This can cause great stress to The Tgs
18. Acceptance by society:
Transgenders and Kothis provide a natural population control.
Hence at least from that perspective due respect has to be given
by the society.
The overall attitude of society towards more tolerance
acceptance and awareness has to be tuned.More transgender
friendly attitudes need to be groomed.
People accept gender atypical behaviors but not transgender. The
reasons are not clear.
The stigma created by begging, stealing, and sex work has lead to
poor image of female to male trangenders in the society is one
plausible explanation.
19. Attitude of General Public:
The general public look at TGs as sex symbols. They
never understand that TGs have their own rights. So
they compel them to perform sex even they are not
willing to do so.
20. Sex reassignment surgery (SRS) as
a major financial pressure:
Most of the transgenders want to undergo Sex
reassignment surgery. Although the surgery is done free of
cost in Government Hospitals, transgenders don’t prefer
them.
The cost of the SRS procedure is high in private hospitals.
Most of the transgenders want to change their gender
biologically by undergoing SRS.This causes a great
financial pressure to them which pushes them to indulge
in stealing, sex work and begging.
21. Stealing:
Transgenders also sometimes resort to stealing as a
desperate measure when the general public refuses to
give them money while begging. This lands them in
many legal problems and increases their stress levels.
22. Sex work and Begging
.Most of them do job of sex work. They also beg on the
streets or in markets to get money. These job s causes a
great suffering because they feel they are compelled by
the society into these professions and they are left with
no viable alternative.
23. Enrollment in Jamat system
The transgenders are enrolled into hierarchical system
called Jamat. The North Indians call this relationship
as “Guru-Chela”(Master-Disciple) whereas Tamilians
call this system as “Amma-Ponnu”(Mother-
daughter).Adjusting into this system can difficult to
many transgender women.
24. Lack of Family support:
Most Transgenders felt they had to live away from the
family. Therefore they had lost valuable support from
family members. They perceived this lack of family
support as major stressor in their lives.
25. Reluctance to support:
Some Tgs don’t like sex work/So they request families
to support them by allowing them to stay with family
members. But the family members usually refuse the
request. At the same time they receive financial help
from TGS .So the TGs view the attitude of family
members as parasitic!
26. Stigma issues between MSM and
TGs:
MSM people are very friendly in CBOs with the TGs.
But they try to avoid being seen with TGs in public as
that may reveal their identity as MSM.
27. Sexual harassment in public areas:
Harassment for sex also happens in public areas. The
general public also harasses transgender soliciting sex.
Some trangenders are not interested in it.
28. Sexual violence in Sex work:
Rights of theTG sex worker during cruising and the right to
refuse sex is another grey area.
Sex work by transgenders invites exploitation by both, clients
and the police. There has been a landmark judgement by Delhi
High Court in Naz Foundation vs. Union of India case, on July 2,
200916 that has upheld their rights. High Court of Delhi
recognized the anachronism associated with Section 377 IPC and
interpreted it to exclude sexual acts between consenting adults,
thus decriminalizing homosexuality. This judgement may be
regarded as one of the stepping stones to uphold the rights of the
sexual minorities
29. Lack of support from general
public and police:
The public do not intervene to support Tgs while being
harassed in sex places. This may be due their attitude
that Sex workers don’t have any rights. Or maybe
because of a general attitude to to avoid involvement
in public issues. The police also do not support TGs in
these issues. They rather take moralistic or legalistic
stand point advising not to solicit sex.
30. MSM /TG forced to marry by
family:
Many of the MSM/TGend up in marital/heterosexual relationships against their will
because of family and societal pressure. These marriages end up in marital disharmony,
divorce or continue with poor quality of life(Math &Seshadri 2013)
They are forced to marry by the family. Parents may threaten to commit suicide if the
MSM(kothi) fails to marry.Undersuch compulsion many kothis marry a woman. But later
when the wife and their family come to know about the kothi identity, they create
problems, they demand money for compromise. They also accuse them of fraudulent
marriage. They do not resort to counseling even in these circumstances.
Also they live lives of regret and remorse after getting married. They also live double lives
“Dual life” (one as a married man and another as Kothi) which cause guilt and internal
conflicts in the Kothi.
Even if the marriage survives the discovery of the kothi identity,the kothi then is treated
like a slave in the family.
31. Other forms of Harrasment
1.Harassment by Police:
2.Harassment as magico religious treatment:
3.Harassment as Sex training:
32. Grief and loss can appear at many
levels.
It is still not uncommon for transgender individuals to
experience multiple losses when they come out as
transgender, including loss of work as well as rejection
by family, friends, and ethno cultural/religious
community. This may be especially painful for
transgender individuals who have high value for
familial and cultural continuity.
Grief counseling would be helpful.
33. Social Isolation
Visibly gender-variant individuals often have difficulty
with public spaces, experiencing stares,
harassment, and threats or actual violence. This can
lead to increasing difficulty navigating public life,
social seclusion and anxiety
34. Spiritual/religious concerns:
There is a diverse range of attitudes toward gender-
variance, cross-dressing, and transsexuality across
spiritual traditions (Ramet, 1996). Transgender
individuals from spiritual/religious traditions that
prohibit cross-dressing and other transgender
behavior often struggle with shame and guilt, feeling
torn between self and community beliefs
35. Access to Psychiatrist:
Educating and orienting psychiatrists to Tg issues and
inviting TG representatives to Psychiatry meetings and
conferences would reduce the barriers between them.
36. Access to Endocrinologist:
Hormonal therapy:
If government hospitals can provide free hormonal
therapy, the financial burden of Tgs in this regard
would be minimized.
37. Access to Surgeries:
Making government hospitals friendly and
approachable and non discriminatory to Tgs would go
a long way in this aspect.
38. References:
1.Counselling and Mental Health Care of Transgender
Adults and Loved Ones ,Walter Bockting, Gail Knudson,
Joshua Mira Goldberg January 2006
2.Kaplan and saddock’s” “Synopsis of Psychiatry”
3. Ramet, S. P. (1996). Gender reversals and gender
cultures: Anthropological and historical perspectives.
London: Routledge
4.Math and Seshadri 2013. The invisible ones: Sexual
minorities
Indian J Med Res. 2013 Jan; 137(1): 4–6.