Training and development is concerned with improving employee performance through learning and development activities. Training focuses on improving job-related skills and knowledge, while development aims to enhance overall personal effectiveness. Training needs are identified through performance reviews, interviews, and analyzing changes. Effective training requires management commitment, integrating training with business strategies, taking a systematic approach, promoting learning as a value, and evaluating training outcomes. The goal is to reduce deficiencies, increase stability and growth, and improve employee retention through training and development.