A trade union is an organization of worker who have come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay and benefits such as health care and retirement, increasing the number of employees an employer assigns to complete the work, and better working condition. Trade unions are the controller of the labor force of an industry which works for the betterment of the country’s trade by ensuring the right of the labor force. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labor contract with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. Unions may organize a particular section of skilled workers like craft unionism a cross-section of workers from various trades or attempt to organize all workers within a particular industry. Trade unions traditionally have a constitution which details the governance of their bargaining unit and also have governance at various levels of government depending on the industry that binds them legally to their negotiations and functioning. Trade unions try to develop close working relationships with employers. Globalization businesses are expanding rapidly for that reason the workforce in the industries are increasing hugely. To maintain the whole work force alone by the management is a very tough job. Trade unions are the only way to manage, compliant, and control the labor force. Lots of objectives are there to organize trade unions.
Industrial relations are the relationship between management and employees or among employees and their organization. Industrial relation deal with either the relationships between the state and the employers and the workers organization or the relation between the occupational organizations themselves. The ILO uses the expression to denote such matters as freedom of association and the protection of the right to organize, the application of the principles of the right to organize, and the right of collective bargaining, collective agreements, conciliation and arbitration and machinery for cooperation between the authorities and the occupational organizations at various levels of the economy.
The term Industrial Relations refers to relationship between Management and Labor or among Employees and their organizations that characterize or grow out of employment. Theoretically speaking, there are two parties in the employment relationship labor and management. Both parties need to work in a spirit of cooperation, adjustment and accommodation. In their own mutual interest certain rules for co-existence are formed and adhered to. Over the years, the State has also come to play a major role in Industrial Relations one, as and initiator of policies and the other, as an employer by setting up an extremely large public sector.
A trade union is an organization of worker who have come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay and benefits such as health care and retirement, increasing the number of employees an employer assigns to complete the work, and better working condition. Trade unions are the controller of the labor force of an industry which works for the betterment of the country’s trade by ensuring the right of the labor force. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labor contract with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. Unions may organize a particular section of skilled workers like craft unionism a cross-section of workers from various trades or attempt to organize all workers within a particular industry. Trade unions traditionally have a constitution which details the governance of their bargaining unit and also have governance at various levels of government depending on the industry that binds them legally to their negotiations and functioning. Trade unions try to develop close working relationships with employers. Globalization businesses are expanding rapidly for that reason the workforce in the industries are increasing hugely. To maintain the whole work force alone by the management is a very tough job. Trade unions are the only way to manage, compliant, and control the labor force. Lots of objectives are there to organize trade unions.
Despite some progress in advancing the agenda on aid effectiveness for development results,
trade unions contend that much more needs to be done if the Paris Declaration/Accra agenda for action processes are to move significantly forward in terms of real development effectiveness.
Given the shortcomings of the neo-liberal paradigm that has dominated development policy-making and caused persistent poverty and a huge decent work deficit, trade unions call for a
more comprehensive development paradigm that shifts from aid to development effectiveness.
Development effectiveness is defined by trade unions as the generation of positive social
outcomes in terms of decent work, social protection, social dialogue, respect for human and
trade union rights, gender equality, environmental sustainability, and the enjoyment of decent livelihoods and well being by all. To achieve development effectiveness, trade unions call for the adoption by the Fourth High Level Forum of a Busan Declaration on Development
Effectiveness which should address three major goals:
I) Achieving development effectiveness,
II) Realizing the commitments made on aid effectiveness, and
III) Supporting trade union and CSO’s as development actors in their own right.
,
trade union
,
functions
,
characteristics of trade union in bangladesh
,
tread union importance
,
how leadership can be developed
,
trede union functions
Trade union and its classifications,types,policies and condition in different...swarna dey
Trade union, also called labour union , association of labourers in a particular trade,industry, or company, created for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status through collective bargaining. Generally, its membership consists of worlers and union leaders, united to protect and promote their common interests.
In each country, there is a trade union legislation(usually a Trade Union Act) gives a legal definition of a trade union, and sets out its objectives.A labor union of workers in related crafts, as distinguished from general workers or a union including all workers industry.
Trade union, also called labourunion , association of laborers in a particular trade, industry, or company, created for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status through collective bargaining. (Schumpeter j 2008)
Labor unions or trade unions are organizations formed by workers from related fields that work for the common interest of its members. They help workers in issues like fairness of pay, good working environment, hours of work and benefits. They represent a cluster of workers and provide a link between the management and workers.(Rein chard 1974)
The history of trade union dates back to the guild system that started in Europe, this system aimed to protect selected professions by controlling of advancement and skill mastery. This is how unions came into existence, and is the first example of how numerous workers join together to create their own rules instead of following those set by their employers.
A trade union is an organization of worker who have come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay and benefits such as health care and retirement, increasing the number of employees an employer assigns to complete the work, and better working condition. Trade unions are the controller of the labor force of an industry which works for the betterment of the country’s trade by ensuring the right of the labor force. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labor contract with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. Unions may organize a particular section of skilled workers like craft unionism a cross-section of workers from various trades or attempt to organize all workers within a particular industry. Trade unions traditionally have a constitution which details the governance of their bargaining unit and also have governance at various levels of government depending on the industry that binds them legally to their negotiations and functioning. Trade unions try to develop close working relationships with employers. Globalization businesses are expanding rapidly for that reason the workforce in the industries are increasing hugely. To maintain the whole work force alone by the management is a very tough job. Trade unions are the only way to manage, compliant, and control the labor force. Lots of objectives are there to organize trade unions.
Industrial relations are the relationship between management and employees or among employees and their organization. Industrial relation deal with either the relationships between the state and the employers and the workers organization or the relation between the occupational organizations themselves. The ILO uses the expression to denote such matters as freedom of association and the protection of the right to organize, the application of the principles of the right to organize, and the right of collective bargaining, collective agreements, conciliation and arbitration and machinery for cooperation between the authorities and the occupational organizations at various levels of the economy.
The term Industrial Relations refers to relationship between Management and Labor or among Employees and their organizations that characterize or grow out of employment. Theoretically speaking, there are two parties in the employment relationship labor and management. Both parties need to work in a spirit of cooperation, adjustment and accommodation. In their own mutual interest certain rules for co-existence are formed and adhered to. Over the years, the State has also come to play a major role in Industrial Relations one, as and initiator of policies and the other, as an employer by setting up an extremely large public sector.
A trade union is an organization of worker who have come together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, achieving higher pay and benefits such as health care and retirement, increasing the number of employees an employer assigns to complete the work, and better working condition. Trade unions are the controller of the labor force of an industry which works for the betterment of the country’s trade by ensuring the right of the labor force. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labor contract with employers. The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. This may include the negotiation of wages, work rules, complaint procedures, rules governing hiring, firing and promotion of workers, benefits, workplace safety and policies. Unions may organize a particular section of skilled workers like craft unionism a cross-section of workers from various trades or attempt to organize all workers within a particular industry. Trade unions traditionally have a constitution which details the governance of their bargaining unit and also have governance at various levels of government depending on the industry that binds them legally to their negotiations and functioning. Trade unions try to develop close working relationships with employers. Globalization businesses are expanding rapidly for that reason the workforce in the industries are increasing hugely. To maintain the whole work force alone by the management is a very tough job. Trade unions are the only way to manage, compliant, and control the labor force. Lots of objectives are there to organize trade unions.
Despite some progress in advancing the agenda on aid effectiveness for development results,
trade unions contend that much more needs to be done if the Paris Declaration/Accra agenda for action processes are to move significantly forward in terms of real development effectiveness.
Given the shortcomings of the neo-liberal paradigm that has dominated development policy-making and caused persistent poverty and a huge decent work deficit, trade unions call for a
more comprehensive development paradigm that shifts from aid to development effectiveness.
Development effectiveness is defined by trade unions as the generation of positive social
outcomes in terms of decent work, social protection, social dialogue, respect for human and
trade union rights, gender equality, environmental sustainability, and the enjoyment of decent livelihoods and well being by all. To achieve development effectiveness, trade unions call for the adoption by the Fourth High Level Forum of a Busan Declaration on Development
Effectiveness which should address three major goals:
I) Achieving development effectiveness,
II) Realizing the commitments made on aid effectiveness, and
III) Supporting trade union and CSO’s as development actors in their own right.
,
trade union
,
functions
,
characteristics of trade union in bangladesh
,
tread union importance
,
how leadership can be developed
,
trede union functions
Trade union and its classifications,types,policies and condition in different...swarna dey
Trade union, also called labour union , association of labourers in a particular trade,industry, or company, created for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status through collective bargaining. Generally, its membership consists of worlers and union leaders, united to protect and promote their common interests.
In each country, there is a trade union legislation(usually a Trade Union Act) gives a legal definition of a trade union, and sets out its objectives.A labor union of workers in related crafts, as distinguished from general workers or a union including all workers industry.
Trade union, also called labourunion , association of laborers in a particular trade, industry, or company, created for the purpose of securing improvements in pay, benefits, working conditions, or social and political status through collective bargaining. (Schumpeter j 2008)
Labor unions or trade unions are organizations formed by workers from related fields that work for the common interest of its members. They help workers in issues like fairness of pay, good working environment, hours of work and benefits. They represent a cluster of workers and provide a link between the management and workers.(Rein chard 1974)
The history of trade union dates back to the guild system that started in Europe, this system aimed to protect selected professions by controlling of advancement and skill mastery. This is how unions came into existence, and is the first example of how numerous workers join together to create their own rules instead of following those set by their employers.
introduction to trade unions
trade unions characteristics
objectives of trade unions
how trade unions are financed
how trade unions recruits its members
why employees join trade unions
functions of trade unions
trade union structure
Weakness/challenges/problems facing trade unions
Measures to strengthen trade unions
Advantages of trade unions to workers, employeer and society
criticism of trade unions by employer
Industrial Relations and Trade Unions
Concept of Industrial Relations - Factors affecting industrial
relations, the importance of Industrial Relations, Collective
bargaining;
International Labour Organisation: Genesis, development and
dimensions, aims, and objectives, Organs of the International
Labour Organisation; Role of the Trade Unions in Modern
Industrial Society of India - Trade Union of Employers and
Workers, their forms and types in India.
A trade union is such an organisation which is created voluntarily on the basis of collective strength to secure the interests of the workers.
Development of modern industry, especially in the Western countries, can be traced back to the 18th century. Industrial development in India on Western lines, however commenced from the middle of the 19th century. The first organised Trade Union in India named as the Madras Labour Union was formed in the year 1918. Since then a large number of unions sprang up in almost all the industrial centres of the country. Similarly, entrepreneurs also formed their organisations to protect their interests.
The Trade Union Act was passed in 1926 under the title of the Indian Trade Union Act and was brought into effect from 1st June 1927 by a notification in the Official Gazette by the Central Government. The Act was amended in 1947, 1960 and 1962, Subsequently the word ‘Indian’ was deleted from the amended Act of 1964, which came into force from 1st April 1965. A comprehensive trade unions (Amendment) Act was passed in 1982.
It is a corporate body: The registered trade union is a corporate body under section 13 of the Act
Section 17 of the Trade Union Act gives immunity to members and office bearers of registered trade unions from criminal conspiracy in connection with trade disputes.
Introduction
Existing trade unions
Evolution of trade union in India
Features of trade union
Objectives
Functions
Propelling factors for joining Trade union
Structure of trade union
Problems and weaknesses faced by trade unions
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) (Polystyrenes, Polypeptides, Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carbon, Propylene Oxide, Vinyl Chloride, Biosensors, Amino Acids, Antibiotics, Acrylamide, Organic Acids, Maltose Syrups, Hollow Fibres, Hollow Fibres, Enzyme Immunoassay (ELA), Enzyme Electrodes, Biocatalysts)
Industrial biotechnology is the practice of using cells to generate industrially useful products. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. Enzymes are the focal point of biotechnological processes, without them biotechnology as a subject would not exist. The main advantage of enzymes compared to most other catalysts is their stereo, region and chemo selectivity and specificity. Enzymes are responsible for many essential biochemical reactions in microorganisms, plants, animals, and human beings.
See more
https://goo.gl/LBmTLd
https://goo.gl/hMGIqd
https://goo.gl/KjIzGj
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Enzymes in Biotechnology, Enzymes in Industrial Biotechnology, Enzymes and Biotechnology, Enzymes Biotechnology, Enzymes Used in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Enzymes in Food Industry, Enzymes Used in Industry, Industrial Uses of Enzymes, Industrial Production of Enzymes, Production of Enzymes, Methods of Enzyme Production, Large Scale Production of Enzymes, Enzyme Production Methods, Enzyme Production, Production of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Production Process of Enzymes, Enzyme Production and Purification, Enzyme Production Industry, Enzymes Manufacturing Plant, Manufacture and Formulators of Enzymes, Formulation of Enzymes, Enzymes Formulation, Purification and Formulation of Enzymes, Ethanol Fermentation, Bioaffinity Procedures, Phase Separation Method, Method and Formulation for Enzymes, Formulas for Enzymes, Formulae of Enzymes, Enzymic Production of Amino Acids, Method for Production of Enzymic of Amino Acids, Fruit Processing, Small Scale Fruit Processing, Enzyme Industry, Enzyme Industry in India, Enzyme Business, Profitable Biotechnology Business Ideas, Biotechnology Industry in India, Fruit Processing Industry, Fruits Processing Methods, Fruit Processing in India, Methods of Processing Fruits, Enzyme Inhibition, Methods of Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Purification, Purification of Enzymes, Large-Scale Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Extraction and Purification Process, Enzyme Purification Methods, Enzyme Biotechnology, Guide to Protein Purification, Cheese Production, Cheese Making Process, Cheese Manufacture, Cheese Production Process, Cheese Production Steps, Manufacture of Cheese, Manufacturing, Cheese, Cheese Making, Cheese Manufacturing
introduction to trade unions
trade unions characteristics
objectives of trade unions
how trade unions are financed
how trade unions recruits its members
why employees join trade unions
functions of trade unions
trade union structure
Weakness/challenges/problems facing trade unions
Measures to strengthen trade unions
Advantages of trade unions to workers, employeer and society
criticism of trade unions by employer
Industrial Relations and Trade Unions
Concept of Industrial Relations - Factors affecting industrial
relations, the importance of Industrial Relations, Collective
bargaining;
International Labour Organisation: Genesis, development and
dimensions, aims, and objectives, Organs of the International
Labour Organisation; Role of the Trade Unions in Modern
Industrial Society of India - Trade Union of Employers and
Workers, their forms and types in India.
A trade union is such an organisation which is created voluntarily on the basis of collective strength to secure the interests of the workers.
Development of modern industry, especially in the Western countries, can be traced back to the 18th century. Industrial development in India on Western lines, however commenced from the middle of the 19th century. The first organised Trade Union in India named as the Madras Labour Union was formed in the year 1918. Since then a large number of unions sprang up in almost all the industrial centres of the country. Similarly, entrepreneurs also formed their organisations to protect their interests.
The Trade Union Act was passed in 1926 under the title of the Indian Trade Union Act and was brought into effect from 1st June 1927 by a notification in the Official Gazette by the Central Government. The Act was amended in 1947, 1960 and 1962, Subsequently the word ‘Indian’ was deleted from the amended Act of 1964, which came into force from 1st April 1965. A comprehensive trade unions (Amendment) Act was passed in 1982.
It is a corporate body: The registered trade union is a corporate body under section 13 of the Act
Section 17 of the Trade Union Act gives immunity to members and office bearers of registered trade unions from criminal conspiracy in connection with trade disputes.
Introduction
Existing trade unions
Evolution of trade union in India
Features of trade union
Objectives
Functions
Propelling factors for joining Trade union
Structure of trade union
Problems and weaknesses faced by trade unions
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Extraction, Purification and Production of Enzymes (Biotechnology) (Polystyrenes, Polypeptides, Polysaccharides, Proteins, Carbon, Propylene Oxide, Vinyl Chloride, Biosensors, Amino Acids, Antibiotics, Acrylamide, Organic Acids, Maltose Syrups, Hollow Fibres, Hollow Fibres, Enzyme Immunoassay (ELA), Enzyme Electrodes, Biocatalysts)
Industrial biotechnology is the practice of using cells to generate industrially useful products. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. Enzymes are the focal point of biotechnological processes, without them biotechnology as a subject would not exist. The main advantage of enzymes compared to most other catalysts is their stereo, region and chemo selectivity and specificity. Enzymes are responsible for many essential biochemical reactions in microorganisms, plants, animals, and human beings.
See more
https://goo.gl/LBmTLd
https://goo.gl/hMGIqd
https://goo.gl/KjIzGj
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Enzymes in Biotechnology, Enzymes in Industrial Biotechnology, Enzymes and Biotechnology, Enzymes Biotechnology, Enzymes Used in Biotechnology, Biotechnology and Enzymes in Food Industry, Enzymes Used in Industry, Industrial Uses of Enzymes, Industrial Production of Enzymes, Production of Enzymes, Methods of Enzyme Production, Large Scale Production of Enzymes, Enzyme Production Methods, Enzyme Production, Production of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Production Process of Enzymes, Enzyme Production and Purification, Enzyme Production Industry, Enzymes Manufacturing Plant, Manufacture and Formulators of Enzymes, Formulation of Enzymes, Enzymes Formulation, Purification and Formulation of Enzymes, Ethanol Fermentation, Bioaffinity Procedures, Phase Separation Method, Method and Formulation for Enzymes, Formulas for Enzymes, Formulae of Enzymes, Enzymic Production of Amino Acids, Method for Production of Enzymic of Amino Acids, Fruit Processing, Small Scale Fruit Processing, Enzyme Industry, Enzyme Industry in India, Enzyme Business, Profitable Biotechnology Business Ideas, Biotechnology Industry in India, Fruit Processing Industry, Fruits Processing Methods, Fruit Processing in India, Methods of Processing Fruits, Enzyme Inhibition, Methods of Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Purification, Purification of Enzymes, Large-Scale Purification of Enzymes, Enzyme Extraction and Purification Process, Enzyme Purification Methods, Enzyme Biotechnology, Guide to Protein Purification, Cheese Production, Cheese Making Process, Cheese Manufacture, Cheese Production Process, Cheese Production Steps, Manufacture of Cheese, Manufacturing, Cheese, Cheese Making, Cheese Manufacturing
Production of Industrial Enzymes
Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Enzymes are ideal catalysts—they are highly selective in nature and work under mild conditions. By combining the right enzymes with genetic engineering, enzyme companies have developed proteins that can work in harsh process environments, such as those that use solvents, salts and high temperatures. The world market for industrial enzymes is currently about $1.8 billion/year and growing by more than 20% per year.
See more
https://goo.gl/FKWz5w
https://goo.gl/sgrxHV
https://goo.gl/ZN16XK
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Industrial Enzymes Production Unit, Production of Industrial Enzymes, Enzyme Production, Industrial Production Process of Enzymes, Large Scale Production of Enzymes in Industries, Industrial Production of Enzymes, Enzyme Production Methods, Produce Industrial Enzymes, How Enzymes are Produced, Large-Scale Production of Enzymes, Commercial Production of Enzymes, Investment Opportunities in Production of Industrial Enzymes, Small Scale Production of Industrial Enzymes, Processing of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Industry, Commercial Production of Industrial Enzymes, Manufacturing of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Manufacture in India, Industrial Enzymes Processing Industry, Production Methods of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Production, Production of Industrial Enzymes in India, Industrial Enzyme Production Methods, Methods of Enzyme Production, Production Process of Industrial Enzymes, Manufacturing Plant of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Manufacturing Plant, Industrial Enzymes Manufacturing Unit, Industrial Enzymes Manufacturing Industry, Manufacturing Process of Industrial Enzymes In India, Industrial Enzymes Manufacturing Process, Industrial Enzymes Manufacture, Manufacture of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Production Process, Method for Producing Industrial Enzymes, Production Plant of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Making Business Ideas, Business Ideas for Manufacturing Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Manufacturing Business, Industrial Enzymes Manufacturing Project, Business Plan for Manufacturing Industrial Enzymes, Production and Processing of Industrial Enzymes, Industrial Enzymes Making Plant,
Some of the landmark discoveries are tabulated below: 1902 Haberlandt proposed concept of in vitro cell culture 1966 Guha and Maheshwari produced first haploid plants from pollen grains of Datura
1904 Hannig cultured embryos from several cruciferous species 1970 Smith and Nathans discovered first restriction enzyme from Haemophilus influenza (HindIII)
1922 Kolte and Robbins successfully cultured root and stem tips respectively 1970 Baltimore isolated Reverse transcriptase from RNA tumour virus
two dimensional gel electrophoresis system
Trade unions are associations of workers or organization formed together by labour, workers or employees to achieve their demands for better conditions at their work atmosphere. A labor union, or trade union, is an organization of workers who have joined together to achieve goals in areas such as wages and working conditions. The union negotiates contracts and conditions with employers, keeping employee satisfaction high and protecting workers from unsafe or unfair working conditions.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. TRADE UNIONS IN BANGLADESH
AND ITS IMPACT
Submitted By:
Md. Omar Faruq Chowdhury -045 12601
Submission Date: 28th November 2012
1
2. Contents
a. Definition
b. Causes of organizing trade unions
c. Objectives
d. History of Trade Unions
e. Limitations
f. Positive impacts
g. Negative impacts:
h. Present Scenario
i. Suggestions
j. Conclusion
2
3. Definition
-Trade Union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common
goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay, increasing the
number of employees an employer hires, and better working conditions.
-An organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to
protect and further their rights and interests.
-A group of employees in a particular sector, whose aim is to negotiate with employees over
pay, job security, working hours, etc. using the collective power of the members.
-The most common purpose of these associations or unions is "maintaining or improving
the conditions of their employment".
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4. Causes of organizing trade unions
• Provision of benefits to members: professional training, legal advice and representation for
members is still an important benefit of trade union membership.
• Industrial action: Trade unions may enforce strikes or resistance to lockouts in furtherance of
particular goals.
• Political activity: Trade unions may promote legislation favourable to the interests of their members
or workers as a whole. To this end they may pursue campaigns, undertake lobbying, or financially
support individual candidates or parties.
• Conditions of employment and any grievances – are settled through trade unions.
• Bargaining rights: Trade unions bargain and ensure the status, rights, wages and demands of
workers of the modern world of industry.
• Contribution in economical growth: Trade unions are growing rapidly in an economy because of the
expansion of business and economical growth.
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5. Objectives
Trade unions are the only way to manage, compliant, and control the labor force. Lots of objectives are
there to organize trade unions.
1. To defend or improve the wages and working conditions of workers and to bring about a change in
the economic order.
2. To strengthen their (labor) bargaining power collectively to establish and achieve all their rights.
3. To dully protect all other interest of the workers .And from the management’s point of view the
objectives as written:
a. To reduce the number of negotiation.
b. To specify work rules, disagreements and grievances to give the better solution to workers claim.
c. To establish the efficient communication between the employers and management to enforce the
predictable standards.
d. To enhance the overall organizational effectiveness workers can also be sometimes inspired to form
and organize trade union. In fact, objectives of a trade union are not defined; rather these are
changing according to the need of the economy and overall industry. When these objectives are not
settled then the rivals are started.
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6. History of Trade Unions
-The British rulers introduced Trade Union Act, 1926. The main purpose of the Act was to provide
registration for trade unions and in certain respects. But the Act did not contain any provision
regarding strikes.
-In 1929, the Trade Disputes Act put restrictions on strikes in public utility services and laid
provision for the establishment of tribunals to adjudicate upon the labor disputes.
-In 1947, the Industrial Disputes Act placed the conciliation and adjudication machinery for the
settlement of industrial disputes on a permanent footing.
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7. History of Trade Unions
The Pakistan Period (1947-71)
-The East Pakistan Trade Unions Act, 1965 was enacted repealing the Trade Unions Act, 1926.
-The Labor Disputes Act, 1965 was enacted.
-Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969 was enacted integrating the above two Acts.
Bangladesh Period (1971-onwards)
-Government of Bangladesh declared a labor policy in 1972. The right to strike and collective
bargaining in the nationalized industries was prohibited for six months by Presidential order no. 55 in
May 1972.
-In 1973, the right to strike and lockout, as granted by IRO, 1969 was withdrawn.
-In 1974 Act completely suspended the democratic rights of workers by prohibiting trade union
activities such as strikes, lock-outs, collective bargaining.
-The military regime of 1975 imposed restrictions on the rights of collective bargaining.
-The Industrial Relations (Amendment) Ordinance, 1977 liberalized the Rights of Freedom of
Association
-The Labor Policy of 1980 restored the right to freedom of association to a considerable extent
-In 1982 the military regime banned trade union activities, strikes, and right of freedom of association.
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8. History of Trade Unions
-Full trade union activities were restored by the democratic government in 1991.
-In 2006, an updated, consolidated and unified version of labor laws was enacted.
-During the Emergency in 2007-2008 that lasted for 23 months, trade unions and collective bargaining
were prohibited and the determination of collective bargaining agent could not be made.
-However, full trade union activities were restored by the democratic government in 2009.
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9. Limitations
In Bangladesh Trade Unions have a lot of unavoidable problems:
1. Lack of consciousness: Trade union are not actually completely aware about employees legal
rights and duties.
2. Lack of Unity: In Bangladesh trade unions are separated for political influence.
3. Lack of knowledge: The workers of Bangladesh don’t have enough knowledge about their
rights and duties.
4. Political influence: In Bangladesh, trade unions work a part of political parties not as a free
right saving association.
5. Division of trade union: Bangladesh is a country where every organization has more trade
unions in name only. The overall productivity got down.
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10. Positive impacts
• Trade union plays a major role in creating ideal working conditions.
• Trade union always helps management to create better policies for workers.
• Trade unions negotiate for the standard wage and benefits with the management.
• Trade union helps the management to increases the productivity as well as the profit.
• Political influence’s existence makes the trade union not to interfere in management
decisions.
• Trade union is hugely helping the management to produce more and implementing
management tactics.
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11. Negative impacts
• Trade Unions are creating a surplus of manpower but not of productivity.
• Trade union of Bangladesh bargains more than they understand because of the limitations of
their knowledge. If don’t consult then they strike.
• Trade Unions have equal power of management then clashes are started.
• In companies labors are awarded for good work and threatened for bad work. But if it’s
punished then trade union interfere and don’t let to happen the punishment. So it increases
crime of the labors.
• Trade union leaders always try to save their interest first then the labor.
• For the power of politics trade union always dishonor the management.
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12. Present Scenario
Categories Total number of Number of unions Number of members
unions/federations included
National federation 32 1264 1,263,66
Industrial federation 108 721 640,221
Garments federation 15 80 50,14
Basic union 5,242 - 2,069,61
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13. Suggestions
• Strengthening bilateral collective bargaining for solving problems quickly and effectively.
• Multiplicity of trade union creates the rivals in a union. So it must be reduced.
• Political involvement must be reduced.
• Organization must support financially as trade unions support the worker.
• Training programs under trade union should be helpful to develop the skills of the workers.
• Trade union’s function should be increased and widened throughout the organization.
• Union leader must be given importance and encourage the members.
• If trust between workers and management increases, productivity increases.
• Management must help and guide trade unions to settle industrial clashes and crisis.
• Trade unions always should demand reasonable thing to the management.
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14. Conclusion
-The industrial relation system is pre-dominantly confrontational in nature rather than cooperative in
Bangladesh.
-Although in recent times the rate of unionization has increased in the RMG sector, trade union affiliation
is low in Bangladesh compared to many other developing countries.
-The promotion of independent trade unions and collective bargaining can contribute to political and
social stability and consequently create more favorable climate for foreign investment.
-Trade unions have an important role to play in settling disputes between workers and management over
wages by way of collective bargaining.
-All the developing countries trade unions were influenced politically, but they used politics to create a
better solution.
-Bangladesh should also start practicing like Japanese trade union which has a single union for single
enterprise. There is no conflict, no unfair means and no strikes in productivity and the growth of the
overall economy.
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