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Trace element ppt
- 1. Submitted to, Prof.Dilip kumarP G HOD,Dept. Of Geology Govt.college Kottayam Submitted by, Sreeraj K Babu 2nd Msc.Geology 4th Sem Govt.college Kottayam 1
- 2. A traceelement is a chemical element whose concentration is very low(a trace amount). In analytical chemistry a trace element is one whose average concentration is less than 100 parts per million measured in the atomic account or less than 100 micrograms per gram. In Geochemistry a trace element is one whose concentation is less than 1000ppm or 0.1% of a rocks composition. It is compaitable with either a liquid or solid phase. 2
- 3. In biochemistryan essential trace element is a dietary element that is needed in very minute quantities for the proper growth development and physiology of the organism. The dietary elements or essential trace elements are those that are required to perform vital metabolic activities in organisms. 3
- 4. Essential traceeements in animals include: Fe – Hemoglobin Cu - Respiratory pigments Co - Vitamin B12 Mn and Zn – Enzymes Essential trace elements for human body: cobalt,copper,fluorine,iodine,iron,selenium,chromium,manganez e and zinc. 4
- 5. Although theyare essential. they become toxic at high concentrations. Element such as Ag,As,Cd,Cr,Hg,Ni,Pb and Sn have no known biological function, with toxic effects even at low concentration. We need nine trace elements to be healthy. 5
- 6. Zinc Managanese Chromium Copper Cobalt Iodine Iron Molybdenum Selenium 6
- 7. Physicological Functions: Protein metabolism Lipid metabolism Carbohydrate metabolism Bone metabolism Syptomps of defficency state: first affecting the face Stomatitis,glossitis,alopecia,nail changes,vomiting,fever,delayedwount healing, dwarfisim, mental symptoms, taste disorder 7
- 8. Symptopms of excessstate: Relative fe-cu defficency Vomiting Abnormal pain,melena,hyperamylasemia,somnolence,hypotension Lung edema,diarrhea Reduced reproductive function Dwarfism Anemia 8
- 9. Physiological functions: Hemopoiesis Bone metabolism Connective tissue metabolism Defficency state: Anemia Leukopenia Neutropenia Bone changes in children,bone radiolucency,bone cortex thinning 9
- 10. Excess state: Nausea Vomiting,heartburn,hypotension,coma Melena oliguria 10
- 11. Physiological functions: Carbohydratemetabolism Cholesterol metabolism Connective tissue metabolism Protein metabolism Defficency state: Abnormal glucose tolerance Reduced respiratory quotient Weight loss Abnormal nitrogen balance Metabolic consciousness disturbance 11
- 12. Excess state: Nausea,vomiting, peptic ulcer, CNS disorder, Liver/kidney dysfunction, growth retardation 12
- 13. Physiological functions: Antioxidantaction Reduced carcinogenicity action Defficency state: Myalgia (lower extremities) Cardiomyopathy (myocardial cell collapse, fibrosis) Nail bed whitening 13
- 14. Excess state: Selenosis(alopecia, nail detachment, CNS disorder) 14
- 15. Physiological functions: Bonemetabolism Carbohydrate metabolism,Lipid metabolism Reproduction,Immunity Defficency state: Reduced serum cholesterol Reduced coagulation,Hair reddening Dermatitis (miliaria crystallina) Growth retardation Increased radiolucency at the epiphyses of long bones 15
- 16. Excess state: Parkinsoniansyndrome Impotence, loss of vigor, somnolence, anorexia, edema, myalgia, headache, excitation, fatigue Advanced stage: Extra pyramidal disorder 16
- 17. Physiological functions: Aminoacid metabolism Uric acid metabolism Sulfuric acid/sulfurousacid metabolism Defficency state: Tachycardia Polypnea Night blindness ,Scotoma Irritability, Somnolence. Coma 17
- 18.
- 19. Physiological functions: Tissuemetabolism Deficiency state; Goiter Hypothyroidism Excess state: Goiter, hypothyroidism Iodine deficiency was a big problem in the middle of the U.S until iodine was added to table salt in the 20th century. 19
- 20. Physiological functions: Hemopoiesis Defficencystate: Pernicious anemia Methylmalonic acidemia Excess state: Cobalt poisoning 20
- 21. Physiological function: Hemoglobinand myoglobin. RBC transport oxygen from your lungs to the organs and other tissues. Myloglobin transport oxygen to muscle cells. Excess state: Joint pain Fatigue Weakness 21
- 22. Diabeties Impotence Heart failure Liver failure Treatement include regularly removing blood from body. Defficency state: Anemia Severe blood loss in women during pregnency 22
- 23. Trace element Mean daily intake “No adverse effects” level (NOAEL) “Lowest adverse effect” level (LOAEL) Effective replenish ment/ pharmac ological dose Recommende ddietary allowance (RDA) Reference dose (RfD) RfD/ RDA Zinc 7~11 mg 30 mg* 600 mg ~200 mg (immune functions, etc.) 9.6 mg 30 mg 3 Copper 1~4mg 9 mg* 10 mg — 1.8 mg 9 mg 5 Chromium (III) 28~62µg 1,000µg* — 150~1,000µ g (diabetes mellitus, etc.) 35µg 250µg 7 Selenium 41~168µg 400µg 750µg* ~200µg (cancer prevention, etc.) 55µg 250µg 4.5 Manganese 3~4mg 10 mg* — — 4 mg 10 mg 2.5 Molybdenu m 135~215µ g 350µg 7 mg* — 30µg 250µg 8 Iodine 200~30,00 0µg 3,000µg* 23,000µg — 150µg 3,000µg 20 Arsenic 10~34µg 40µg* 700µg — 10–34µg 140µg 4 23
- 24. Chromium isfound in small quantities in a wide variety of foods.-meat,wholegrains,broccoli,potatoes, apples,bananas,garlic. Copper:-organ meats,shellfish,nuts,seeds,cocoa and whole grains. Iodine is found naturally in seafood and plant based foods grown in iodine rich soils such as the soil found near ocean. 24
- 25. Iron richfoods include organ meats,muscle meat,poultry,fish,legumes and dark leafy greens. Manganese is found in pecans and other nuts,pineapples,sweet potatoes,seeds,legumes and whole grains. Molybdenum found in plant foods especially legumes and nuts Selenium –plant based foods such as whole grains,nuts,seeds and legumes.Brazil nuts contains more selenium Zinc-meats,seafoods 25