This document discusses evidence and gaps related to community empowerment approaches for reducing HIV among sex workers. It finds that community empowerment is associated with improvements in HIV and STI outcomes. However, there are still gaps in understanding its impact for male/transgender sex workers and in sub-Saharan Africa. Ongoing research examples in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania aim to better understand social and structural pathways that community responses can impact HIV outcomes, including for those living with HIV. For sustainability, support is needed for community-driven research examining how to not only initially achieve but sustain improved health and human rights outcomes through community leadership, ownership, resource control, and meaningful partnerships.