Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary movements and vocalizations that last over a year. The exact causes are unknown but may involve abnormal brain activity or chemical imbalances in the brain. Common signs and symptoms include eye blinking, head jerking, shoulder shrugging, facial grimacing, throat clearing, yelping, jumping, making random noises, and smelling. A diagnosis is made based on observation and evaluation as there are no formal tests, though scans and tests may rule out other conditions. While most cases do not require medication, treatment options include medication, counseling, and psychotherapy.