A transcript is an official academic record that lists all courses and grades earned by a student. It includes information like the student's name, date of birth, courses taken, grades received, and date of completion. There are two types of transcripts - official transcripts that are sealed and sent directly to institutions, and unofficial transcripts that contain the same information but are not sealed. Students are the only ones who can request transcripts, which normally take 3-10 days to process but may take longer during busy periods. Transcripts provide a record of a student's academic history for purposes like further education or job applications.