Writing reference in different way

1. How to write reference?

2. What is a reference or citation?
• A way of giving credit for someone's thinking, writing or
research
• You mark the material when you use it (a citation) and give
the full identification at the end (a reference)
• In academic writing you are obliged to attribute every piece of
material you use to its author

3. Why cite or reference?
• Credit sources of information & ideas
• Reader can locate for further information if required
• Validate arguments
• Increase and spread knowledge
• Show depth, breadth & quality of your reading!

4. When to cite?
Direct quotes
Statistics/Studies
Theories
Facts
Interpretations
Paraphrases

5. How? Citation or reference style
• A citation style or reference system is a standardised system
for referring to materials used in your writing
• There are several different citation styles developed
independently by professional organisations
• University Departments generally stipulate which style to use
for your subject

6. Example of citation in text –
paraphrase
The beautifully refitted and well equipped ship carried supplies
for two years at sea whaling in the Atlantic (Stevens, 2003).
We all perceive the world around us in ways that are often
unique to us through a series of personal filters and we
'construct' our own versions of reality (Kelly 1955).

7. Harvard Style

8. End list references - Books
In-text – (Cottrell, 2005)

9. e-Books

10. Journal articles
In-text – (Hendry and Farley, 2006)

11. Citations for works with no author
or anonymous author(s):

12. Entries should be listed alphabetically

13. Vancouver Style

14. What is the Vancouver Referencing Style?
• It is a "numbered" style.
• It follows rules established by the International Committee of
Medical Journal Editors.
• It is also known as: Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts
submitted to Biomedical Journals.

15. How to do in-text citations?
• A number is assigned to each reference as it is cited - in
brackets [ ] ( ) or superscript.1
• If the source is referred to again, the same number is used.

16. Book Citation
• Author/Editor/Compiler's surname initials.
• Title of the book.
• # ed. (if not the 1st)
• Place of publication:
• Publisher's name;
• Year of publication.

17. Journal Citations
• Author's surname Initials,
• Author's surname Initials.
• Title of article.
• Title of Journal. abbreviated]
• Year of publication Month date;
• Volume number
• (issue number):
• page numbers.

18. How to create a Reference List?
• Entries are listed numerically and in the same order
that they (references) were cited in the text.

19. BAU referencing
(i) A book with two authors: Parker C and Riches CR 1993:
Parasitic Weeds of the World: Biology and Control. CAB
International, Wallingford, United Kingdom. p. 332.
(ii) A book with three or more authors: Penning de Vries FWT,
Jansen DM, ten Berge HFM, Bakeman A 1989: Simulation of
Ecophysiological Processes of Growth in Several Annual Crops.
Pudoc Wageningen, The Netherlands. p. 271.
(iii) An edited book: Rabbinge R, Ward SA, van Laar HH (Editors)
1989: Simulation and System Management in Crop Protection.
Simulation Monographs 32. Pudoc ageningen, The
Netherlands. p. 420.

20. (iv) A chapter in or a selection from a book or proceedings:
Riches CR, Parker C 1995:Parasitic plants as weeds. In: MC
Press and JD Graves (Editors), Parasitic Plants. Chapman and
Hall, London, United Kingdom. pp. 226-255.
(v) A corporate author: FAO 1996: Food and Agricultural
Organisation of the United Nations, Production 11 Yearbook
46 FAO, Rome, Italy.
(vi) Theses: Alam MGS 1985: Stress and Reproduction in Cows,
PhD Thesis, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences,
University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
(vii) Journal article: Rabidas SK, Talukder AK, Alam MGS, Yeasmin
FY 2012: Relationship between semen quality parameters and
field fertility of bulls. Journal of Embryo Transfer 27 21-28.