This document provides an introduction to chemistry, including defining chemistry and outlining its main branches. It discusses the scientific method and its steps. Chemistry is defined as the study of matter and its properties. The main branches covered are organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and physical chemistry. Examples of careers related to chemistry include chemists, medical doctors, biochemists, pharmacists, and forensic scientists. The scientific method is presented as a systematic process used to solve problems, consisting of steps like making observations and inferences, identifying problems, developing hypotheses, experimentation, data analysis, and reporting conclusions.

1. TOPIC 1
INTRODUCTION TO
CHEMISTRY
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2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lecture, students will be able to:
➢Define chemistry and describe the different branches of chemistry
➢State the examples of careers related to chemistry field
➢Define and describe the steps of scientific methods
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3. CHEMISTRY
AND ITS
IMPORTANCE
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4. What is Chemistry?
❖CHEMISTRY is the study of composition of matter
and the changes that matter undergoes
❖Living and non-living things are made of matter,
chemistry affects all parts of life and most natural
events
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5. BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
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6. Organic Chemistry
➢Organic chemistry: the study
of all chemical containing
carbon and hydrogen
➢Example: DNA, medicines,
foods, soaps.
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cellulose

7. Inorganic Chemistry
➢Inorganic chemistry is the study of
chemical compounds that do not
contain C-H bonds
➢Example: table salt, quartz, carbon
dioxide.
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8. Biochemistry
➢Biochemistry is the study of chemical
processes that takes place in living
organisms.
➢Examples: glycolysis, lipolysis, DNA
replication
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9. Analytical Chemistry
➢Analytical chemistry is the
study of separation,
identification and quantification
of the chemical components of
the matter
➢Example: titration,
photometric analysis, coloured
reaction, microscopy
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10. Physical Chemistry
➢Physical chemistry deals with
mechanisms, the rate, and the
energy transfer that occurs
when matter undergoes a
change.
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11. IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY
1. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties and interactions of
matter.
2. Any form of matter is considered as a chemical. Thus, chemicals or chemical
substances are not only found in laboratories, but all around us.
3. In chemistry, we study what chemical substances are made of, what are their
properties, how they interact among each other and how we can use this knowledge
to produce new useful substances.
4. Chemistry has enabled us to produce many useful chemicals such as metals, glass,
ceramics, plastics, soaps, detergents and medicinal drugs.
5. Chemistry plays a very important role in our life that we cannot live without it. For
example, the water that we drink would not be safe without chemical processes.
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12. CHEMISTRY RELATED CAREER
1. Chemist are found in almost
all industries. For example, food,
textile, detergent, paint and
water treatment industries.
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13. CHEMISTRY RELATED CAREER
2. Medical Doctor and
Biochemists need to understand
the chemical processes that
occur in the huma body
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14. CHEMISTRY RELATED CAREER
3. Pharmacists are experts in
medicinal drugs.
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15. CHEMISTRY RELATED CAREER
4. Forensic scientists help the
police to solve crimes by
analysing evidence such as
blood samples, weapons,
poisons and drugs.
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16. CHEMISTRY RELATED CAREER
5. Farmer need chemistry to
better understand the proper
usage of fertilisers and
pesticides
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17. SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION
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18. Scientific Investigation
Scientific investigation is a scientific method used in
solving problems in science.
Generally, the scientific method begins with the
observation of a problem
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19. Scientific Method
Scientific method is a systematic
method used by scientists or
researchers to solve problems
related to science.
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20. Steps Involved in the Scientific Method
1. Making observation
2. Making inference
3. Identifying problem
4. Making hypothesis
5. Identifying variables
6. Controlling variables
7. Planning an experiment
8. Collecting data
9. Interpreting data
10.Making conclusion
11.Preparing report
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21. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. MAKING OBSERVATION: Using senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste or
smell to gather information about an object or a phenomenon taking
place
2. MAKING INFERENCE: Using data collection and past experience to
make a conclusion and explanation about an event
3. IDENTIFYING PROBLEM: asking questions based on the inference made
4. MAKING HYPOTHESIS: making a general statement about the
relationship between a manipulated variable and a responding variable
to explain an event or observation. This statements can be tested to
prove its validity
5. IDENTIFYING VARIABLES: identifying the manipulated variable,
responding variable and fixed variable in an experiment to test the
hypothesis that is formed
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22. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
6. CONTROLING THE Variables: In an investigation, a variable is manipulated to observe its relationship
with the responding variable. Simultaneously, other variables are fixed
7. PLANNING EXPERIMENT: determining the materials and apparatus to be used, procedure of the
experiment, method of collecting data and the ways to analyse and interpret the data
8. COLLECTING DATA: making observation or measurements and recording the data systematically
9. INTERPRETING DATA: organising and interpreting the data collected. Can be through calculations,
graphs, or charts to find and determine the relationship between the variables.
10. MAKING CONCLUSION: making a statement on the results of the experiment on whether the
hypothesis made is accepted or rejected
11. PREPARING REPORT: communication in detail on all aspects of the experiments so that the outcome
of the experiment can be shared for the development of chemistry knowledge.
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23. Example: to study the effect of temperature
on the solubility of salt in water
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24. THANK YOU
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