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Toms basic and (hopefully)
 high speed Trauma and
      EMS Lecture
  …or…To much for one lecture, but
      here we go anyway….
Primary Survey - Immediate
      Threats to Life (Only!)
A = Airway        Obstructed?
B = Breathing     Breath Sounds Present?
                  Bilaterally?
C = Circulation   Peripheral Pulse?
                  Femoral? Carotid?
                  (Not BP Measurement.)
Primary Survey - Immediate
      Threats to Life (Only!)
D = Disability   Global (AVPU or GCS)
                 Gross Motor Function
                 (i.e. spinal cord integrity)
E = Exposure     Nekkid!
Secondary Survey
Now find out what happened, what’s injured.

   History (AMPLE)
   Physical.
       Organized, complete head to toe exam.
       Roll, check back.
       Remember TM’s and rectal.
   Foley. NG or OG tube.
Things to remember…
The Ideal Trauma Resuscitation
   Roles are pre-assigned
   Clear direction & communication
   Pertinent findings verbalized in proper order
   All team members know all findings
   Rapid, Efficient
   Calm & Quiet!
5places you can bleed out
   Chest
   Belly (and/or retroperitoneum)
   Thighs
   Pelvis
   Street
Things to remember…
              Classification of Shock

Class   EBL                  Pulse   BP   Mental        Treatment

I       <15% (<750ml)         -      -     nl            Fluids

II      15-30% (750-1.5L)           -     +/-anxious    Fluids

III     30-40% (1.5L-2.0L)               anxious       Fluids + Blood

IV      >40% (>2.0L)                   confused     Fluids + Blood
Case for head injury
   24yo fall off ladder in construction site
   Per EMS…awake, short tempered,
    perseverating
   What do you want to do?
   What are you worried about?
Types of bleeding in the head
   Epidural
   Subdural
   Subarachnoid
   Intraparenchymal
   Intraventricular
Why do we care about bleeding in
               the head
   Increased intracranial pressure
   Seizures
   Prognosis
Cerebral perfusion pressure
   Balance of forces
   Blood pressure
   Intracranial pressure

   CPP = MAP - ICP
Management of Severe Head
      Injuries (increased ICP)
   Secure airway - role of lidocaine
   Hyperventilation
   Mannitol 1g/kg
   HOB 30o
   Seizure prophylaxis
   ICP monitors
   Craniotomy
Case for chest trauma
   24yo stabbed in chest
   Per EMS…fine originally, then started
    complaining about short breath
   What do you want to do now?
   What are you worried about?
Life Threatening problems
   TensionPTX               Flail chest
   Tamponade                Massive HTX / PTX
                             Esophageal disruption
   Aortic disruption
                             Diaphragm hernia
   Tracheal disruption      Pulmonary contusion
                             Myocardial contusion
                             Simple PTX
Case for belly trauma
   45yo male crushed between truck and wall
   C/O dull achy pain right under ribs
   Per EMS pain getting worse, getting confused
    and anxious looking…
   What do you want to do??
   What are you worried about?
How can you evaluate the belly?
   Serial abdominal exams
   CT
   DPL
   US
   RUG/cystogram
   Take a look (in the OR)
Neck Trauma
         Clear c-spine/NEXUS
         X-ray vs CT
         Zones of the neck

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Toms Basic And (Hopefully) High Speed

  • 1. Toms basic and (hopefully) high speed Trauma and EMS Lecture …or…To much for one lecture, but here we go anyway….
  • 2.
  • 3. Primary Survey - Immediate Threats to Life (Only!) A = Airway Obstructed? B = Breathing Breath Sounds Present? Bilaterally? C = Circulation Peripheral Pulse? Femoral? Carotid? (Not BP Measurement.)
  • 4. Primary Survey - Immediate Threats to Life (Only!) D = Disability Global (AVPU or GCS) Gross Motor Function (i.e. spinal cord integrity) E = Exposure Nekkid!
  • 5. Secondary Survey Now find out what happened, what’s injured.  History (AMPLE)  Physical.  Organized, complete head to toe exam.  Roll, check back.  Remember TM’s and rectal.  Foley. NG or OG tube.
  • 6. Things to remember… The Ideal Trauma Resuscitation  Roles are pre-assigned  Clear direction & communication  Pertinent findings verbalized in proper order  All team members know all findings  Rapid, Efficient  Calm & Quiet!
  • 7. 5places you can bleed out  Chest  Belly (and/or retroperitoneum)  Thighs  Pelvis  Street
  • 8. Things to remember… Classification of Shock Class EBL Pulse BP Mental Treatment I <15% (<750ml) - - nl Fluids II 15-30% (750-1.5L)  - +/-anxious Fluids III 30-40% (1.5L-2.0L)   anxious Fluids + Blood IV >40% (>2.0L)    confused Fluids + Blood
  • 9. Case for head injury  24yo fall off ladder in construction site  Per EMS…awake, short tempered, perseverating  What do you want to do?  What are you worried about?
  • 10. Types of bleeding in the head  Epidural  Subdural  Subarachnoid  Intraparenchymal  Intraventricular
  • 11. Why do we care about bleeding in the head  Increased intracranial pressure  Seizures  Prognosis
  • 12. Cerebral perfusion pressure  Balance of forces  Blood pressure  Intracranial pressure  CPP = MAP - ICP
  • 13.
  • 14. Management of Severe Head Injuries (increased ICP)  Secure airway - role of lidocaine  Hyperventilation  Mannitol 1g/kg  HOB 30o  Seizure prophylaxis  ICP monitors  Craniotomy
  • 15. Case for chest trauma  24yo stabbed in chest  Per EMS…fine originally, then started complaining about short breath  What do you want to do now?  What are you worried about?
  • 16. Life Threatening problems  TensionPTX  Flail chest  Tamponade  Massive HTX / PTX  Esophageal disruption  Aortic disruption  Diaphragm hernia  Tracheal disruption  Pulmonary contusion  Myocardial contusion  Simple PTX
  • 17. Case for belly trauma  45yo male crushed between truck and wall  C/O dull achy pain right under ribs  Per EMS pain getting worse, getting confused and anxious looking…  What do you want to do??  What are you worried about?
  • 18. How can you evaluate the belly?  Serial abdominal exams  CT  DPL  US  RUG/cystogram  Take a look (in the OR)
  • 19. Neck Trauma  Clear c-spine/NEXUS  X-ray vs CT  Zones of the neck