Tetralogy of Fallot is a rare congenital heart defect combining four defects that affects blood flow from the heart. It causes poor oxygenation and is typically present at birth. Common signs include cyanosis, shortness of breath, clubbing of fingers and toes. Affected infants often experience "tet spells" between 2-4 months of age where their skin turns blue due to decreased blood oxygen during crying or feeding. While treatment may include procedures to open the pulmonary valve or bypass surgery, long term complications can include polycythemia, stroke, or even death if left untreated.

1. TETRALOGY OF
FALLOT

2. INTRODUCTION
● It is type of defect present at birth.
● It is a rare condition caused by combination of 4
heart defect .
● These defects affect the structure and cause poor
oxygen blood to flow out of the heart and rest of
the body.

3. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
● Cyanosis
● Loss of consciousness
● Clubbing of fingers and toes
● Shortness of breath
● Prolonged cry
● Tired easily during play and exercise

4. TET SPELLS
● It is a symptom develop in patients having tetralogy of fallot.
● In this babies with this will usually develop deep blue skin, nails
and lips after crying or feeding this episodes are known as tet
spell.
● It is caused due to decrease in amount of oxygen in blood.
● It is most common seen in young infants around 2-4 months old.

5. CAUSES
● Poor maternal nutrition
● Viral illness
● Genetic disorder
● Alcoholism during pregnancy
● Poor nutrition

6. FOUR DEFECT
Tetralogy of fallot include 4 defect that is:-
● Pulmonary stenosis
● Ventricular septal defect
● Right ventricular hypertrophy
● Overriding of aorta

7. INVESTIGATION
It can be diagnosed by following procedures:- ECG
Chest X-Ray
Echocardiography
Cardiac CT angiogram
Cardiac MRI

8. MANAGEMENT
It can be reduced by taking following steps:-
● Squatting
● Prostaglandin infusion
● Beta blockers
● Morphine
● Saline 0.9% bolus

9. TREATMENT
PALLIATIVE
● Transcatheter RVOT stent insertion
Definitive repair
● Bypass surgery

10. COMPLICATIONS
● Polycythaemia
● Stroke
● Cerebral abscess
● Infective endocarditis
● Congestive cardiac failure
● death

11. THANK YOU
BY -MUSKAN KAPOOR