This document discusses fish culture and propagation methods. It describes natural and artificial reproduction techniques, as well as pen, pond and open-water cultivation methods. Common fish species cultured include tilapia, milkfish, carp, catfish, mudfish and gourami. Extensive, improved extensive, semi-intensive and intensive culture systems are classified. The functions of nursery, transition, rearing, breeding and catching ponds in a fishpond system are defined. Fertilizer application methods such as broadcasting, solution, platform and pile techniques are also outlined.

1. LESSON 2
FISH CULTURE

2. 1. FISH PROPAGATION – it is the natural or artificial method of promoting reproduction
survival of fish.
2. FISH CULTIVATION – it is the rearing of fish and other aquatic products from their very
young stage.
3. FISH CONSERVATION – it is the public control and maintenance of the various fisheries
areas where fish and other fishery products are conserved.
A. NATURAL METHOD – in this method, man does not interfere in the production cycle of
organisms.
B. ARTIFICIAL METHOD – in this method, however fish reproduction is made possible
the organism’s natural reproductive cycle or during non-spawning season.
PHASES OF FISH CULTURE
METHODS OF FISH PROPAGATION

3. A. FISH PEN METHOD – this is a square or rectangular pen which is constructed in the shallow
B. FISHPOND METHOD – the water in the pond is either fresh or marine.
C. OPEN-WATER METHOD – this method is used in cultivating mussels, oysters and clams. This is
done in bays, seas and lagoons.
1. TILAPIA – this is a hardy fish that attains maturity at about four months from fry
2. MILKFISH OR BANGUS – this is a fresh fish raised in fishponds. This is a bright silvery
of the open seas.
METHODS OF FISH CULTIVATION
SPECIES OF FISH THAT ARE COMMONLY CULTURED IN PONDS

4. 3. CARP OR KARPA – the common carp has double barbells at the mouth and a heavy serrated spine
in the dorsal and anal fins.
4. CATFISH OR HITO – it lives in swamps, canals and ponds. It can stay long without water.
5. MUDFISH OR DALAG – it lives in muddy canals. It is a freshwater fish.
6. GOURAMI – this is a large freshwater fish, fast grower, vegetarian and breeds freely. It can survive
in extreme population.
1. EXTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEM – fishes are produced without using any kind of artificial or
formulated fish feeds.
2. IMPROVED EXTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEM – in this type of culture system, artificial or formulated
fish feeds are used in very poor quantity. In this case, farmers usually choose rectangular medium
or large ponds for fish culture.
CLASSIFICATION OF FISH CULTURE

5. 3. SEMI-INTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEM – this attempts to produce the greatest quantity of fish per unit
of culture space, and is dependent on increased stocking levels, increased feeding, and some form
of environmental manipulation such as aeration or increased water flow to supply oxygen and
remove wastes so that nutrients might be better assimilated and growth rate and total yield
accelerated.
4. INTENSIVE CULTURE SYSTEM – refers to the most modern aquaculture technology being practiced
in many developed and developing countries.
1. NURSERY POND – this is the smallest and the cleanest compartment where fish are reared from fry
up to pre-fingerling size.
2. TRANSITION POND – it is in this pond where fingerlings are stocked and stunted before they are
transferred to the rearing pond.
COMPARTMENTS OF A FISHPOND AND FUNCTIONS

6. 3. REARING POND – it is the largest compartment in the pond system.
4. BREEDING POND – it is a compartment where spawners are confined are purposely for
the production of fry.
5. CATCHING POND – as the name implies, it serves as a catchment basin for fish at
harvest. It is constructed at the gate inside the pond where it is intended to be used.
6. FOOD GROWING POND – this pond is optional and may be built, if deemed necessary.
It is named as “kitchen pond” a compartment set aside for growing live food organisms
at high density.
7. HEAD POND – it is an area that serves as water reservoir where water is stored before
going to other pond compartments.
8. WATER SUPPLY CANAL – it is a canal used to supply water throughout the whole fish
pond system.

7. 1. BROADCASTING OR SPREADING METHOD – it is the most common method of applying
fertilizer. This is done by spreading the fertilizer evenly in the pond.
2. PLATFORM METHOD – this is a specialized form of file method.
3. SOLUTION METHOD – this is the method of applying fertilizers in solution or liquid
suspension.
4. PILE METHOD – this method is commonly applied when using organic fertilizers such as
hay or rice straw and compost.
METHODS OF APLYING FERTILIZER

8. TILAPIA BANGUS KARPA

9. HITO DALAG GOURAMI