Tirupur in Tamil Nadu is one of India's largest textile export hubs, but its rapid industrialization has led to severe environmental degradation. [1] The 700 dyeing units in Tirupur discharge 100 million litres of untreated effluent daily, polluting the groundwater, soil, and Noyyal River. [2] The government has ordered units to install reverse osmosis systems to treat waste, but many have not complied. [3] While some remedial efforts have been taken, continued monitoring is needed to prevent further damage to the environment and public health.

1. Tirupur
A STUDY ON ITS ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
Group 7
Shruti Patra- 73
Dhruv Devgun – 74
Reena Kumari – 79
Rupesh Jain – 83
Vaibhav Maheshwari – 88
Anshul Bansal – 102
Ravish Kapoor - 133

2. Introduction
 India is one of the largest textile exporters in the world
 Introduction of New economic policy and removal of quota system
has further fuelled the growth of exports over the years.
 Tirupur, Tamil Nadu is one of the largest contributor to India’s textile
output, and has 4,000 units in this business
 It thus, contributes a significant part of India’s foreign exchange
 But this increasing commercialization has taken a toll on its
environment.
 It is facing a severe shortage of potable water and infrastructure.

3. Environmental Degradation
 Dyeing and bleaching units, mostly primitive, are pumping out large
quantities of effluents.
 The ground water, soil and water bodies, as a result have degraded
up to a large extend
 700 dyeing units discharge 100 million litres of untreated effluent
everyday.
 As a result, sludge has accumulated largely in Noyyal, a tributary of
cauvery.
 Moreover, 20,000 acres of land downstream has been rendered
unfit for cultivation.

4. Dyeing Industry- bearing the burn
 The dyeing units are creating many problems due to environmental
pollution, and Madras High court has approached activists to
propose a lasting solution.
 Court has ordered these units to shut down, unless they add RO
system to treat their discharge.

5. Current effluent treatment
 Almost 12 different processes in dyeing release effluents.
 Dyeing industries introduced a treatment process, to
remove the dye color from water.

6. Solar Pond and primary treatment
plant.
 A 1000 metre square pond, is used to evaporate high salt content
water, and the left over sludge is disposed off.
 The left over processes have less content of salt, and are treated
using primary treatment plant, using various chemicals
 As a result treated water is achieved, containing only biological
waste, which still contaminate ground water.

7. REVERSE OSMOSIS
 Govt of Tamil Nadu made it
compulsory for Dyeing units to put
the plant.
 Process:
 Primary treated effluent passes
through secondary treatment in
which effluent is treated with
bacteria.
 Bacteria removes the biological
matter
 The secondary effluent undergoes
tertiary treatment.

8. Continued....
 Reverse osmosis takes place in
the tertiary treatment.
 These treated effluents can be
reused by dyeing industries.

9. River Noyyal
 Source of water for many places along
Tirupur.
 Tirupur - Once an Agrarian village and
farmers depended on the water for
irrigation.
 Industrialization into textile town lead to
environmental pollution.

10.  People were ignorant of the ill effects and others neglected the
consequences.
 Measures were not taken.
 River is totally contaminated and has become a dumping ground.
 Flora and fauna are in danger.
 Effluents have depleted agricultural land and contaminated the
ground water

11. ORATHUPALAYAM DAM
 Built on River Noyyal
 Dimension: 2290m (L) x 248m (W).
 Area: 423 Hectares.
 Irrigates 9875 acres of agricultural land in Karur district and 500 acres
of land in Erode district.
 Max Outflow – 90,900 cubic feet.

12.  Contaminated water from effluents also gets stored in the dam.
 Problem of dam overflowing.
 Severe pollution problem.
 Government expresses concern and tightens effluent treatment
requirement.

13. AFFECTED GROUP
 WELL WATER(OPEN N CLOSED)
 CHANGE IN WATER COLOUR
 WATER BORNE DISEASE
 LAND IMPACTED
 LOW YIELD
 FISHES
 FISHES DIED AND
CONTAMINATION IN AQUATIC
LIFE.
 ANIMALS
 RESIDENTS-SMELL AND HEALTH
PROBLEMS.
 DAM GOT ERRODED

14. IMPACT DEYING INDUSTRY
 PROPER POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES
 AROUND 600 INDUSTRIES SHUT DOWN DUE TO COURT ORDER, WHICH
CREATED A SUPPLY CHAIN IMBALANCE.
 TO AVOID CONSEQUENCES INDUSTRY PROMISED TO SET UP RO
PLANTS IN FEW MONTHS TIME.
 INVESTMENTS- 10 TO 20 MILLION COST FOR SINGLE RO PLANT, WHICH
IS A VERY HIGH COST.

15. PRESENT SCENERIO
 ONLY FEW INDUSTRIES SET-UP
PLANT.
 TO ENSURE CONSISTENCY GOVT.
MAKES SURPRISE VISITS.
 20 CETP ( COMMON EFFLUENT
TREATMENT PLANTS) WERE SET UP,
COVERING 437 COMPANIES.
 92 BLEACHING UNITS WERE SETUP
AND 152 INDUVIDUAL TREATMENT
PLANTS COSTING ₹ 2000
MILLION.

16. PRESENT SCENERIO
 TURN OVER ₹ 30000 MILLION.
 NEW TEXTILE TOWNSHIP NETHAJI APPAREL PARK, AS A RESULT EXPORTS
WILL TOUCH ₹ 100000 MILLION.
 WALMART BUYS TEXTILE COSTING $ 5 BILLION IN THIS REGION.

17. PROPOSED SOLUTION
 SUBSIDIES SHOULD BE GIVEN FOE INITIAL SET-UP.
 IMPORT OF DYED CLOTHES FROM CHINA SHOULD BE DISCOURAGED.
 GOVT. SHOULD ACCELERATE THEIR ACTIONS TO AVOID CASES LIKE
SIRUMUGAI IN COINBATORE AND AMBORE.
 GOVT SHOULD COMMERCIALIZE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
SECTOR BY ENCOURAGING PRIVATE PLAYERS TO ENTER THE SECTOR.

18. THANK YOU