10. when the access was left open, more appointments were required to complete
treatment and recurrent acute exacerbations were more frequent than if the tooth
had been kept closed.
Weine FS, Healey HJ, Theiss EP. Endodontic emergency dilemma: leave tooth open or keep it
closed?. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 1975 Oct 1;40(4):531-6.
11. Pulpal disease can become established periapical disease if we are giving an open
dressing.
Patient may get an immediate relief but long term success rate may be
compromised.
14. 14 Locating calcified canal in
maxillary Incisors
People getting injured in their young age to the maxillary incisors.
Leave it un noticed and tooth will discoloured gradually.
20. 16 .Use of EDTA in canal negotiation
Curved ,narrow and calcified canal.
EDTA will soften the root canal Dentin.
While canal negotiation EDTA should be avoided
21. 17 .Locating MB2 canals in Maxillary
Molars
MB2 canal was found in 53.78% of the cases.
When MB2 canal present, a single apical foramen was observed in 66.28% of the
cases, two apical foramina were present in 33.72% of the cases.
Faraj BM. The frequency of the second mesiobuccal canal in maxillary
first molars among a sample of the Kurdistan Region-Iraq population-A
retrospective cone-beam computed tomography evaluation. Journal of
Dental Sciences. 2021 Jan 1;16(1):91-5.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28. 18. Watch Winding Motion
Clock Wise and counter clockwise rotation around a quarter turn of the file.
Chance of ledge formation reduced.
File breakage reduced and enables easier canal location.
34. Mandibular incisors
Rahimi S, Milani AS, Shahi S, Sergiz Y, Nezafati S, Lotfi
M. Prevalence of two root canals in human mandibular
anterior teeth. Indian Journal of dental research. 2013 Mar
1;24(2):234.
35.
36.
37.
38. Maxillary First premolar
de Lima CO, de Souza LC, Devito KL, do Prado M, Campos CN. Evaluation of root canal morphology of maxillary premolars: a cone‐beam
computed tomography study. Australian Endodontic Journal. 2019 Aug;45(2):196-201.
39.
40. Maxillary second premolars
If only canal it will be on Centre ,oval shape and wide bucco lingually
Occasionally single canal will split in to two and it will exit in to two orifices..
41.
42. Mandibular molar
In 40 % of time there will be two canals in the distal root of mandibular first
molars.
64% of the cases had three root canals (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual and distal)
36% had four root canals. (mesiobuccal, mesiolingual, distobuccal and distolingual
Chourasia HR, Meshram GK, Warhadpande M, Dakshindas D. Root canal morphology of mandibular first
permanent molars in an Indian population. International journal of dentistry. 2012 Jan 1;2012
Editor's Notes
More prone to periodontal disease. Occlusal reduction is not the end point of problem.
It is the starting point of problem.
Due to trauma in young age.
Negotiate on the Palatal Direction
It should be rigid and reasonably flexible
Chances of perforatrion and soften the in organic componets.
Mesio buccal to palatal orifice second imaginary line towards mesial marginal ridge.
DG 16 will stuck to the second Mesio buccal canal.
Light apical pressure to move while rotating
Tactile sensation more
Abrupt curvature breaks the canal easily’ and remove dentinal obstruction to get a straight line path.
Smooth pathway created by small file so bigger size rotary file
Calcification and abrubt curvature
Dentinal shelf
Radiograph in mesial or distal direction.
Type I: Single canal is present from the pulp chamber to the apex.
Type II: Two separate canal leaves the pulp chamber, but join short of the apex to form one canal.
Type III: One canal leaves the pulp chamber, but it divides into two within the body of the root, the canals merge again to exist as one canal.
Type IV: Two separate and distinct canals are present from the pulp chamber to apex.
40 % mandibular incisors will have two canals.
Lingual canals frequently missed.
Proximal view will dictate lingual canals.
Type 1: A single canal present from the pulp chamber to the apex;Type
2: Two separate canals leave the pulp chamber and join short of the apex to form one canal;Type
3: One canal leaves the pulp chamber, divides into two within the root, and then merges to exit in one canal;
Type 4: Two separate and distinct canals are present from the pulp chamber to the apex;
Type 5: Single canal leaves the pulp chamber, but divides into two separate canals with two separate apical foramina;Type
6: Two separate canals leave the pulp chamber, but join at the midpoint and divides again into two separate apical foramina;Type
7: One canal leaves the pulp chamber, divides and rejoins within the canal, and finally redivides into two distinct canals short of the apex; andType
8: Three separate distinct canals extent from the pulp chamber to the apex.
