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Elisabeth Chan
The International Center for English
Arkansas State University
TICE ESL Mini Conference – November 19, 2010
What’s the difference?
 Magnetic attraction occurs only between
ferrous metals.
 Our experiments showed that magnets
attract some metals.
 We found out the pins stuck on the
magnet.
 Look, it’s making them move.
They don’t stick.
Gibbons (2002, p.40)
 Magnetic attraction occurs only between
ferrous metals.
 Our experiments showed that magnets
attract some metals.
 We found out the pins stuck on the
magnet.
 Look, it’s making them move.
They don’t stick.
Gibbons (2002, p.40)
Registers!
 Magnetic attraction occurs only between
ferrous metals.
 Our experiments showed that magnets
attract some metals.
 We found out the pins stuck on the
magnet.
 Look, it’s making them move.
They don’t stick.
Gibbons (2002, p.40)
Registers!
Non-Academic
Academic
Conversational vs Academic
 Cummins (1981)
 BICS – basic interpersonal
communicative skills
○ 2-3 years
 CALP – cognitive academic
language proficiency
○ 5-7 years
 Cummins’ Quadrants
 Context embedded?
 Cognitively demanding?
Cummins’ Quadrants
COGNITIVELY
UNDEMANDING
CONTEXT CONTEXT
EMBEDDED REDUCED
COGNITIVELY
DEMANDING
Academic Bag of Tricks
 How academic English is different &
Activities for building:
 Writing
 Reading
 Speaking
 Vocabulary
Writing
Organization
Content
Grammar
 ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN
 CONTENT
 TOPIC
 SUPPORTING DETAILS
 GRAMMAR
 COMPOUND SENTENCES
 COMPLEX SENTENCES
Difference?
Building Academic Writing
 Focus on content
 State a topic and develop it
 Focus on cohesive paragraph structure
 Reference, conjunctions, nominalization
 Teach and practice the writing process
 Focus on sentence structure
 Compound, clauses, signal words
 Paraphrasing
Writing Activity: Focus on Content
Original
Text
Adjectives
Adverbs
WH
Questions
 The movie was good. The man met a
woman. They fell in love.
Writing Activity: Focus on Content
Original
Text
Adjectives
Adverbs
WH
Questions
 The romantic movie was good. The
handsome man met a beautiful woman.
They fell in love quickly.
Writing Activity: Sentence
Transformation
The police investigation of the robbery
lasted for one month.
The police investigated the robbery for
one month.
Nominalization
Simple form
(verb, adjective)
Difference?
Building Academic Reading
 Explicitly teach reading skills
 Model the skills! Use “Think Alouds”
 Build reading fluency through Extensive
Reading
 Engage students & increase motivation
 Goal of knowledge
Reading Activity:
Think Aloud
 Titles & Headings
 Figures
 Bold words
 Objectives
 Language!
Guessing from context!
Context-embedded +
Cognitively demanding

Speaking
Building Academic Speech
 Extend conversation
 Avoid IRE’s = Initiation, Response, Evaluation
(Cazden, 2001)
 Raise students’ awareness of academic
speech
 Use discussion groups with questions about
differences
 Listen to lectures or speeches & analyze the
language used
 Analyze research or focus on prevalent structures
Speaking Activities
 Avoiding IRE’s
 Ask more open ended questions
 Respond with encouragement and in a way that extends
their response and thinking
○ T: The teacher –blank– a book to the class every week.
S: reads
T: That’s right! Why do we use “reads” and not “read”?
OR
T: Very good! What other verbs can we use?
S: gives?
T: Excellent! What is a verb we cannot use there? Why not?
Describe this image
Academic Vocabulary
 Every day vocabulary vs. Academic
(Brook, D. 1998)
 Explicitly teach vocabulary learning
strategies
 Vocabulary notebook activities
 Extensive reading
Anglo-Saxon French Latin
fear terror trepidation
win succeed triumph
holy sacred consecrated
Vocabulary Activities
 Note cards or Notebooks
Vocabulary Activities
 Note cards or Notebooks
Collocations
Collocations
References
 Brook, D. 1998. The Journey of English. New York: Clarion Books.
 Cazden, C. 2001. Classroom Discourse: The Language of Teaching and Learning.
Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
 Cummins, J. 1981. “The Role of Primary Language Development in Promoting
Educational Success for Language Minority Students.” In Schooling and Language
Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework, 3-49. Los Angeles: Evaluation,
Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State University, Los Angeles.
 Freeman, Y.S. and D.E. Freeman. 2009. Academic Language for English Language
Learners and Struggling Readers: How to Help Students Succeed Across Content
Areas. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
 Gibbons, P. 2002. Scaffolding Language, Scaffolding Learning: Teaching Second
Language Learners in the Mainstream Classroom. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
 Guthrie, J. and M. Davis. 2003. “Motivating Struggling Readers in Middle School
Through an Engagement Model of Classroom Practice.” Reading and Writing Quarterly
9: 59-85.
 Swales, J. 2005. “Academically Speaking.” Language Magazine 4 (8): 30-34.
 Arms, K. 1996. Environmental Science. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.
 Rowling, J.K. 1999. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Scholastic Paperbacks.
 Scholastic. Magnetic Attraction. http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=1227. Accessed
October 5, 2010.
 POS Hardware. International Point of Sale Cash Registers.
http://www.internationalpointofsale.com/store/index.php?cPath=84. Accessed October 5, 2010.
Image Citations
QUESTIONS?
CONTACT INFO
Elisabeth Chan
echan@astate.edu
http://www.astate.edu/international/tice
http://www.slideshare.net/ElisabethChan
The International Center for English
Arkansas State University

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TICE - Building Academic Language in the Classroom Handout

  • 1. Elisabeth Chan The International Center for English Arkansas State University TICE ESL Mini Conference – November 19, 2010
  • 2. What’s the difference?  Magnetic attraction occurs only between ferrous metals.  Our experiments showed that magnets attract some metals.  We found out the pins stuck on the magnet.  Look, it’s making them move. They don’t stick. Gibbons (2002, p.40)
  • 3.  Magnetic attraction occurs only between ferrous metals.  Our experiments showed that magnets attract some metals.  We found out the pins stuck on the magnet.  Look, it’s making them move. They don’t stick. Gibbons (2002, p.40) Registers!
  • 4.  Magnetic attraction occurs only between ferrous metals.  Our experiments showed that magnets attract some metals.  We found out the pins stuck on the magnet.  Look, it’s making them move. They don’t stick. Gibbons (2002, p.40) Registers! Non-Academic Academic
  • 5. Conversational vs Academic  Cummins (1981)  BICS – basic interpersonal communicative skills ○ 2-3 years  CALP – cognitive academic language proficiency ○ 5-7 years  Cummins’ Quadrants  Context embedded?  Cognitively demanding?
  • 7. Academic Bag of Tricks  How academic English is different & Activities for building:  Writing  Reading  Speaking  Vocabulary
  • 9.  ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERN  CONTENT  TOPIC  SUPPORTING DETAILS  GRAMMAR  COMPOUND SENTENCES  COMPLEX SENTENCES Difference?
  • 10. Building Academic Writing  Focus on content  State a topic and develop it  Focus on cohesive paragraph structure  Reference, conjunctions, nominalization  Teach and practice the writing process  Focus on sentence structure  Compound, clauses, signal words  Paraphrasing
  • 11. Writing Activity: Focus on Content Original Text Adjectives Adverbs WH Questions  The movie was good. The man met a woman. They fell in love.
  • 12. Writing Activity: Focus on Content Original Text Adjectives Adverbs WH Questions  The romantic movie was good. The handsome man met a beautiful woman. They fell in love quickly.
  • 13. Writing Activity: Sentence Transformation The police investigation of the robbery lasted for one month. The police investigated the robbery for one month. Nominalization Simple form (verb, adjective)
  • 15. Building Academic Reading  Explicitly teach reading skills  Model the skills! Use “Think Alouds”  Build reading fluency through Extensive Reading  Engage students & increase motivation  Goal of knowledge
  • 16. Reading Activity: Think Aloud  Titles & Headings  Figures  Bold words  Objectives  Language! Guessing from context! Context-embedded + Cognitively demanding 
  • 18. Building Academic Speech  Extend conversation  Avoid IRE’s = Initiation, Response, Evaluation (Cazden, 2001)  Raise students’ awareness of academic speech  Use discussion groups with questions about differences  Listen to lectures or speeches & analyze the language used  Analyze research or focus on prevalent structures
  • 19. Speaking Activities  Avoiding IRE’s  Ask more open ended questions  Respond with encouragement and in a way that extends their response and thinking ○ T: The teacher –blank– a book to the class every week. S: reads T: That’s right! Why do we use “reads” and not “read”? OR T: Very good! What other verbs can we use? S: gives? T: Excellent! What is a verb we cannot use there? Why not?
  • 21. Academic Vocabulary  Every day vocabulary vs. Academic (Brook, D. 1998)  Explicitly teach vocabulary learning strategies  Vocabulary notebook activities  Extensive reading Anglo-Saxon French Latin fear terror trepidation win succeed triumph holy sacred consecrated
  • 22. Vocabulary Activities  Note cards or Notebooks
  • 23. Vocabulary Activities  Note cards or Notebooks
  • 26. References  Brook, D. 1998. The Journey of English. New York: Clarion Books.  Cazden, C. 2001. Classroom Discourse: The Language of Teaching and Learning. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.  Cummins, J. 1981. “The Role of Primary Language Development in Promoting Educational Success for Language Minority Students.” In Schooling and Language Minority Students: A Theoretical Framework, 3-49. Los Angeles: Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, California State University, Los Angeles.  Freeman, Y.S. and D.E. Freeman. 2009. Academic Language for English Language Learners and Struggling Readers: How to Help Students Succeed Across Content Areas. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.  Gibbons, P. 2002. Scaffolding Language, Scaffolding Learning: Teaching Second Language Learners in the Mainstream Classroom. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.  Guthrie, J. and M. Davis. 2003. “Motivating Struggling Readers in Middle School Through an Engagement Model of Classroom Practice.” Reading and Writing Quarterly 9: 59-85.  Swales, J. 2005. “Academically Speaking.” Language Magazine 4 (8): 30-34.  Arms, K. 1996. Environmental Science. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.  Rowling, J.K. 1999. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. Scholastic Paperbacks.  Scholastic. Magnetic Attraction. http://www2.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=1227. Accessed October 5, 2010.  POS Hardware. International Point of Sale Cash Registers. http://www.internationalpointofsale.com/store/index.php?cPath=84. Accessed October 5, 2010. Image Citations