This document discusses the thyroid gland and thyroid disorders. It notes that the thyroid gland sits low in the neck and secretes hormones that influence metabolism, growth, and body temperature. It describes the most common thyroid disorders as hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Some common causes of hyperthyroidism include Graves' disease, toxic adenomas, and subacute thyroiditis. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include tremors, nervousness, fast heart rate, increased sweating, and unintentional weight loss. Causes of hypothyroidism include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, removal of the thyroid gland, and excessive iodine intake. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include poor concentration, feeling cold

1. Thyroid awareness month
January -2023 MR. ARVIND KUMAR GUPTA
RADIOLOGICAL SAFETY OFFICER
DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
AIIMS PATNA

2. Thyroid gland
 It situated in butterfly- shaped gland that sits low on the front of the neck.

3. function
 Thyroid secretes several hormones, collectively called thyroid hormones.
 The main hormone is thyroxine also called T4.
 Thyroid hormone act through out the body.
 Influencing
1.Metabolism
2.Growth and Development
3.Body temperature.

4. Disorders
 The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid
hormones.
 Hyperthyroidism.
 hypothyroidism
 Thyroid cancer

5. Common causes of hyperthyroidism.
 Graves disease-
 Toxic adenomas
 Sub acute thyroiditis

6. Graves disease-

7. Toxic adenomas

8. Sub acute thyroiditis

9. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism
 Tremor
 Nervousness
 Fast heart rate fatigue
 Increase sweating
 Unintentional weight loss

10. Tremor

11. Unintentional weight loss

12. Nervousness

13. Cause of hypothyroidism
 Hashimoto thyroiditis
 Removal of thyroid gland
 Excessive amount of iodine

14. Hashimoto thyroiditis

15. Excessive amount of iodine

16. Removal of thyroid gland

17. Symptom of hypothyroidism
 Poor concentration of feeling mentally ( foggy)
 Feeling cold
 Depression
 Muscle and joint aches
 Fluid retention
 Constipation
 Fatigue

18. Poor concentration of feeling mentally ( foggy)

19. Fluid retention

20. Muscle and joint aches

21.  A lack of thyroid hormone in the system at an early age can lead the development
of cretinism ( mental retardation)dwarfism (stunted growth)
 Most infants now have their thyroid levels checked routinely after birth
 They are hypothyroid treatment begins immediately.

22. Thyroid cancer
 Its abnormal proliferation of cells of thyroid gland.
 Papillary carcinoma
 Follicular carcinoma
 Medullary thyroid carcinoma
 Anaplastic carcinoma

23. Causes
 Iodine- iodine-deficient diets may lead lead to increase the TSH level and considered goitrogenic.
 Thyroiditis
 External radiation
 Increase age
 Radioactive iodine concentrated in the thyroid gland.
 Food source contaminated.

24. Food source contaminated.

25. clinical features
 A lump In neck, sometime growing quickly
 Swelling in the neck
 Pain in the front of the neck , sometimes going up to the ears.
 Trouble swallowing
 Trouble breathing.

26. investigation
 Physical examination
 Clinical history
 Thyroid scan
 Thyroid function test
 CT/MRI
 USG
 RIA uptake test.

27. Physical examination

28. RIA uptake test.

29. Thyroid scan

30. Ultrasonography

31. Management of thyroid cancer
 Thyroid replacement therapy
 Radiation therapy
 Radioactive iodine therapy
 Drug- thyroxin therapy.

32. Radioactive iodine therapy

33. Radiation therapy

34. Drug- thyroxin therapy.

35. 
Thank you