The thyroid gland develops from an endodermal diverticulum in the floor of the pharynx early in gestation. It descends into the neck and develops into a bilobed structure located anterior to the larynx and trachea. Thyroid surgery was initially very dangerous, with mortality rates over 40%, but improved techniques in the late 19th century increased safety. The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes connected by an isthmus, and it is surrounded by a capsule.

1. SURGICAL
ANATOMY OF
THYROID

3. The journey
of thyroid

6. Thyroid resection
attempted by several
European surgeons with
typically disastrous
results

8. Overall mortality rate
>40%
•
Banned by French
Academy of Medicine in
1850

10. Late 19th century
Nobel Prize in
1909

14. Thyroid gland
Arises as a
midline
diverticulum
Foramen cecum
Floor of the
pharynx.

15. The main portion
descends into the neck
and develops into a
bilobed solid organ.
Track becomes the
thyroglossal duct, which
is usually reabsorbed
after 6 weeks of age.

16. The distal aspect of
path of descent
Retained as a
pyramidal lobe

18. Calcitonin-producing C cells
arise from the fourth pharyngeal
pouch and migrate from the
neural crest into the thyroid.
These C cells are the
only component of the
adult gland not of
endodermal origin

20. Microscopic thyroid follicles
first appear as the lateral lobes
develop. When the embryo is
approximately 6 cm in length,
these follicles begin to
develop colloid.
In the third month, the
follicular cells first
demonstrate iodine trapping,
and thyroid hormone
secretion begins.

26. The lobes lie
-lateral to the trachea and
esophagus
-anteromedial to the carotid
sheath
-posteromedial to the sterno-
cleidomastoid, sternohyoid, and
sternothyroid muscles.

27. Adult thyroid
weighs 10 to 20 g
Bilobed structure
Lies next to the
thyroid cartilage in
a position anterior
and lateral to the
junction of the
larynx and trachea

31. Ligament of Berry

32. Thyroid
Capsule

33. Lingual thyroid
Median thyroid anlage
does not descend in a
normal fashion.

34. Ectopic thyroid gland positions

36. Multiple choice questions

37. The Thyroid gland consists of right and left
lobes that are joined to each other by

39. The thyroid gland lies against the vertebrae

41. The peripheral condensation of
the connective tissue of the
gland is called the

42. The superior thyroid artery is the first anterior
branch of the

44. To avoid hemorrhage during operation of the
thyroid it is removal along with

45. Thyroid
Capsule

46. The medial surface of the lobes are related to
two nerves

48. Hypothyroidism causes in children

50. Hypothyroidism in adults causes

52. Which of the following is not the symptom of
hypothyroiditis?

53. Which type of epithelium is present in thyroid
follicles?

55. In chronically deficient patients, this
abnormality is directly related to the
enlargement of the thyroid gland

56. ____________ encloses thyroid, responsible
for its movement during swallowing

61. Hurthle cells are seen in ?

63. how did the C cells get their name ?

65. Pick out the correct statements .

66. What is the name of the surgery done to treat
the thyroglossal cyst/fistula ?

68. Psammoma bodies are seen in all of the
following conditions except ?

70. After thyroidectomy patient developed stridor
within 2 hours. All are likely causes of stridor
except ?

71. A patient presents with neck swelling and
respiratory distress few hours after a
thyroidectomy surgery. Next management
would be ?