The document discusses the factors that determine the distance of shots put and discus throws in athletic competitions. It states that distance is determined by the speed, angle, and height of release, which are in turn governed by the forces and techniques used by the athlete. The optimal angle of release is less than 45 degrees, and techniques aim to increase the speed of release through maximizing applied forces over different distances. Aerodynamic factors like air resistance also influence the flight of the shot or discus and affect the overall distance.