The document provides information about track and field throwing events. It discusses the history and origins of throwing activities in human history for survival purposes. It then outlines the specific rules and techniques for the javelin throw and discus/hammer throw events, including equipment, grips, rotations, releases, and rules regarding fouls. Diagrams and illustrations are provided to demonstrate the proper form and techniques for each throwing event.

1. TRACK AND FIELD
THROWING EVENT

2. AFTER THIS CHAPTER, YOU WILL BE
ABLE TO
1. Discuss and explain the origins and evolutions of track and field
2. Identify and discuss the learning sequence for the hurdling,
jumping, and throwing events
3. Show basic skills and techniques of various running, hurdling,
jumping and throwing events
4. Identify the basic terminology used in the sport of track and field
5. Identify the basic rules of the sport

3. PRE - ASSESSMENT

4. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
▪ Track and field was originally referred to as athletics.
The word “athlete” comes from the Greek word athlos,
which means “competition”. More than thirty different
track and field events in the Olympic Games which
involve walking, jumping, running, and throwing, are
also the four competitive categories in the present
track and field competition. This is considered as the
oldest among the sports existing today. In fact, it is the
most competed sports since the demand of budget is
low due to low cost equipment, and the playing rules
are very simple.

5. BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
▪ Track and field requires different combinations of sports
fitness which includes endurance, strength, speed,
flexibility, coordination, balance in order to be successful.
Regardless of body size, shape or form, an individual can
prove himself worthy of the opportunity to be successful if
he/she is willing to give a try. Track and field brings healthy
benefits to every individual who continuously and
conscientiously performs activities for personal fitness and
wellness, much more for competition purposes.

6. HISTORY OF TRACK AND FIELD
▪ Running, jumping and throwing may be the oldest
athletic activities in human history. Humans have been
running, jumping and throwing in search for food, fight
for enemies, or for survival. These skills are needed to
preserve life. Long ago, groups of early humans lived
together in tribes or clans. They fought each other from
time to time, and so the fastest runners, the fleet-
footed jumpers, the strongest spear throwers were the
ones made as excellent warriors and later on won in
the battles.

7. HISTORY OF TRACK AND FIELD
▪ Modern track and field competitions had evolved in
England around the 18th century. The original sport,
consisted primarily of running and walking events, was
done and participated in by the universities in England.
The sport became known all throughout Europe and
America. Track and field events were included in the
first Olympic Games in 1896.

8. HISTORY OF TRACK AND FIELD
▪ Today, the world has witnessed incredible feats of
human speed and power within the boundaries of track
and field. Running events are now held on an oval-
shaped track and that is divided into lanes. When there
are too many runners and the lanes cannot
accommodate, athletes compete in heats.
▪ On July 17, 1912, the International Association of
Athletic Federations (IAAF), the international governing
body, was born.

9. HISTORY OF TRACK AND FIELD
▪ Changes have been made through the years in
running surfaces, athletic techniques, and equipment.
New events have been added. Modern technology has
earned a place in athletics meet to time events, to
measure jumps and to throw with great precision.

10. TRACK AND FIELD ARENA
▪ Track Oval
▪ Javelin Throw Area
▪ Shot Put Area
▪ Discuss/Hammer Throw Area
▪ Pole Vault Area
▪ Long/Triple Jump Area
▪ High Jump Area
The outdoor track measures 400m around, with 84.39 meters for the straights and
115.611 meters for the curves (IAAF Standard Measurements). Lanes are measured
approximately 1.22 meters in width.

11. RULES OF THROWING EVENT
▪ Javelin Throw
• Holding the javelin must be done at
the grip part and should always be
maintained above the shoulder
level.
• For valid throw, the javelin must lie
before the specified zone and its tip
should hit the ground.
• There is a special marking line on
the runway within which the athlete
needs to throw.
• The athlete should not leave the
ground until the javelin lands on the
ground.

12. RULES OF THROWING EVENT
▪ Javelin Throw
• After the throwing action has been
made, the thrower should not turn
back towards the pointing direction,
until it lands.
• The number of throws allowed per
athlete is same as that of the discus
throw.
• Once the competition has started, the
athletes cannot use the perimeter for
practise purpose.
• Using any device that may assist the
thrower in throwing is strictly
prohibited. For example, tapping of
fingers are not allowed unless there
is a wound.

13. RULES OF THROWING EVENT
▪ Javelin Throw
• The throw will be considered as a
foul in the following cases −
• Improper throw of the javelin in the
attempt.
• Demarking of the line with any body
part.
• Player going out of the marking line
while throwing
• The tip of the javelin lies outside the
edges of the landing sector.
• The time is increased to 1 minute if
there are 2-3 number of competitors.
In case only one competitor is left,
time is increased to 2 minutes

14. RULES OF THROWING EVENT
▪ Discuss/Hammer Throw
• The discus can be made of any
material such as wood but it must
have a circular edge with a metallic
rim.
• Inner construction can be both solid
and hollow.
• The cross section of the edge should
be made in circular manner and it
should have a radius of 6mm.
• All sides of the discus should be
identical. They must be free from any
type of sharp edges or irregularities.
• Finishing of the discus should be
smooth.

15. RULES OF THROWING EVENT
▪ Discuss/Hammer Throw
• The construction and the strength of the
cage should be such that it can arrest a
disc of around 2Kg coming at a speed of
25m/sec.
• There should be no threat of rebounding
of the disc from the cage.
• The cage should have at least one side
open. Therefore it is often recommended
to construct it in a “U” shape.
• At the lowest pint the height of the netting
point should be 4m.
• Synthetic and natural fiber is the idle
material for the construction of the net.
However, high tensile strength steel wire
can also be used

16. RULES OF THROWING EVENT
▪ Discuss/Hammer Throw
• The discus can only be thrown by an athlete when
he or she will stand inside a circle which has a
diameter of 2.5m.
• During the course of throw, the athletes are
prohibited from touching the top of the rim.
However, they can touch the inner part of the rim.
• An athlete cannot touch the ground beyond the
circle.
• If the athlete leaves the circle before the landing of
the disc on the ground, then it will be considered as
a foul throw.
• In the Olympic matches, each athlete is given 8
chances to showcase their talents.
• There is particular boundary of landing of the disc.
If the disc lands outside that zone then that throw is
considered invalid.

17. EQUIPMENT
JAVELIN THROW DISCUSS/HAMMER THROW

18. BASIC SKILLS AND TECHNIQUES
JAVELIN THROW

19. JAVELIN THROW

20. JAVELIN THROW

22. DISCUSS/HAMMER THROW
Grip
The technique for throwing discuses is very different from any other athletic
throw. To grip the discus, throwers need to spread their fingers out and around
the discus with each finger’s first knuckle over the edges to hold it. The index
finger should be in line with the thrower’s wrist, while the thumb is excluded
from the gripping and is used for balance.
Rotation
The rotation is the most important yet also the most difficult part of the discus
throw.
1. Begin facing away from the direction of your target in a starting stance. Stand
with legs staggered, spread slightly wider than shoulder-width apart, and knees
bent.
2. The lead up to the rotation involves one or two swings of the arms back and
forth without foot movement. This motion helps establish a rhythm for your
footwork.
3. Bring your throwing arm back behind your right shoulder as far as possible,
with the non-throwing hand in the opposite direction. This motion can be
compared to a backswing in golf. Weight should be placed on the right foot with

23. DISCUSS/HAMMER THROW
4. Next, start to pivot on the balls of your left foot, while simultaneously
swinging your shoulders to the left. The right foot is lifted off the ground, and the
spinning begins.
5. As you face the target direction, you should jump-turn off of your left foot to
land on your right foot in the middle of the circle. The rotation will continue while
this foot is planted.
6. The left foot will follow the right as the turn is completed and should end up
planted directly in front of the right foot. The left foot will be pointed towards the
direction of the throw because when you once again face the target direction,
you will release the discus.
Although throwers complete one and a half turns (and often more turning after
the throw), they are always be moving in the direction of the target. The rotation
sounds complicated because it is! Properly rotating your body to maximize
power takes a lot of practice.

24. DISCUSS/HAMMER THROW
Release
Once the rotation is complete, athletes need to properly release the disc. The
rotation will create a clockwise spinning motion on the discus as it leaves the
hand. By squeezing it out of your hands, you release the centrifugal force
created by the body’s’ spinning motion, propelling the discus away from you.
The discus should leave your hand off of your index finger.
Huddle Up
Mastering the discus throw is a difficult task, even for very experienced track
and field athletes. Learning to throw in a stationary motion can be a good
stepping stone to greatness, and implementing effective training drills can
increase comfort with all the motions involved in throwing. With proper
technique and lots of practice, anyone can become a great discus thrower.

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1
POST ASSESSMENT

27. I CAN DO ALL THINGS
THROUGH CHRIST
WHO STRENGTHENS
ME
Phillipians 4:13

28. THANK YOU