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Three Heuristics Of Regression To The Mean
Chapters sixteen through eighteen delve into three heuristics: the heuristic of causes trumping statistics, the heuristic of regression to the mean, and the
heuristic of intuitive predictions. All three of the heuristics control our daily lives more greatly than we realize and influence our humanity in a
variety of ways; however, the heuristic of regression to the mean caught my attention most firmly. Not only is this heuristic unique to the human mind,
but it also helps explain why we approach certain topics or ideas the way we do. The heuristic of regression to the mean helps explain what we view
as lucky vs. unlucky days. This heuristic shows that the more luck we have one day, the more unlucky the next day will seem, although in reality
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Priming Effects : The Florida Effect, The Lady Macbeth '
ANSWER Q 1
1. Florida Effect, the Lady Macbeth effect, the money effect, the holding pencil in mouth effect are a few of many examples of Priming effects,
explain how priming works using these as examples. Lastly, contrast that to the association of ideas and how does it relate to holding a pencil in your
mouth or how pictures of flowers and eyes placed over a coffee and tea station effect our behaviors? More importantly this presents what flaw in which
system?
Feeling that the spirit of the human being contaminated leads to the desire to cleanse the body of this phenomenon, according Kahneman, this
phenomenon called (Lady Macbeth).
Kahneman refers to the "Florida effect" that it involves two stages of priming. First, the set of words primes thoughts of old age, though the word old is
never mentioned; second, these thoughts prime a behavior, walking slowly, which is associated with old age". For example, the Florida effect As
evoked by Kahneman in his book, reports for an astonishing experiment made on a group of young students. After reading some words and
phrases related to old age, they will tend to behave like elderly people. we have been introduced to the stranger in ourselves. And they also affect
the rest of our mindset, a priming is one of the most common concepts in Kahneman's book because it can take many forms. A simple example is to
ask what word PA_N is associated with. If we speak of food just before, the word PAIN will emerge most often. But, if we speak of
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Heuristic Rules For Job Shop Scheduling Essay
CHAPTER 3
HEURISTIC RULES FOR JOB SHOP SCHEDULING 3.1 Introduction
The considered intention in this chapter is finding out the best solution for job shop scheduling problems based on heuristic rules solution, taking into
account different measurable performance criteria for the same solution. The objective is achieved by trying to obtain the best sequence of jobs to be
processed on machines.
3.2 Methodology
The general framework of the scheduling, which is considered in this project and the methodology followed to examine some heuristic rules for job shop
scheduling problem which are described in detail in this chapter. The heuristic rules are proposed and tested in their scheduled performances in
benchmark problems. In order to solve these problems, we try to use LEKIN–Flexible Job–Shop Scheduling System to obtain the best results.
The procedure that will be followed by the proposed LEKIN software for solving the JSSP is presented in Fig. 3.1. A comparison between the results
of the considered cases will be made to see the influence of weight on the scheduling process. The choice of a schedule is governed by the criteria used
to evaluate it.
3.3 Problem Statement A brief description of a job shop scheduling problem has already been provided in Chapter 1. In this project, the size of the
considered problem is JГ—M, where J represents the number of jobs (5) and M represents the number of machines (5). Four rules will be tested on a
data set consists of twenty case
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Evaluation Of A New Hybrid Strategy
Abstract
Testing is an important process in software development and widely used by developers to reveal bugs. Often, software failures can lead to disastrous
consequences such as loss of data, fortune and lives. Test engineers have generated a set of test cases to validate against the user requirements. The
highest number of reduction can save a cost of testing. When dealing with a large line of code (LOCs) there still has redundancy happened. Our
experiment studies about hybrid tReduct GNA_SA and the existing strategies to counter test redundancy reduction issues. In our experiment, we apply
four (tReductLAHC, tReductSA, tReductGNA and tReduct GNA_SA) test–suite reduction strategies for six different situation. After that, we then
measure the effectiveness of the diversified solutions of four test suite reduction strategies. Our experiment shows that a new hybrid strategy tReduct
GNA_SA offers more effectiveness to reduce redundancy compared to existing work.
Keywords: Test suite redundancy reduction. Search based software engineering. Global Neighborhood Algorithm .Optimization . Simulated Annealing
1.0INTRODUCTION
Software testing refers to the process of finding an error of ensuring that particular software meets its specification. The growing complexity of
software division into various application demands highly skilled engineers with the appropriate mix of expertise. Testers need to do sampling such as
generates a set of test cases to validate against the user
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Availability Heuristic Advantages And Disadvantages
1.Availability Heuristic
Concept
Availability heuristic can be defined as making a choice based on immediate and easy examples that comes to the mind more easily when evaluating a
decision. Even though availability heuristic has many pros such as saving time when making a choice, it does come with cons. This is because the
availability heuristic distorts our understanding of real threats and risks. For example, Tom is a 10–year–old boy that adores puppies and loves playing
with them. One day he saw a puppy bite its owner. Due to this small incident, Tom avoids playing with puppies even though the likelihood of it
happening is slim. Since this heuristic draws from immediate and easy examples, it uses system 1 to evaluate our decisions. As we already know
system 1 can lead to a lot of incorrect assessments in comparison to system 2.
Example
A recent news article came out with the title "Four arrested after armed home invasion in Vaughn". Where the article talks about how four individuals
entered a home armed.
Link: http://www.cp24.com/news/four–arrested–after–armed–home–invasion–in–vaughan–1.3345993
Explanation
My parents rarely read the news due to lack of time, but they knew about this incident because it was close to our home and all my relatives were
talking about it. After the article came out, a few days later my parents replaced all locks in our house with more secure ones and installed security
cameras, even though the chance of it happening to our house was
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The Machine Time Span
However, in each case, it is assumed that the machine time is known as soon as it occurs. This machine has a direct consequence on the number of
operation that is fixed and indirectly reflects on the total number of operation present in the potential re–scheduling. Instances of the job shop problem
(10x10, 8x15, 5x10, 10x 15, 5x15, 5x20, 6x24, 10x20,) are considered. Two machines can influence the decision variables. Several cases with different
values of this parameter are studied. The different simulations tested in this research consider various times of these three machines. From the above
two method the obtained sequence times are less than the observation time span. Both method has reduce the time span of job shop but Gupta's heuristic
rule has reduce maximum time span i.e. 196 and CDS rule take 200 time to complete all operation in here machines. Reducing the time span of the
scheduling method deteriorates the increasing production rates. Each optimization problem must have an objective function which has to be either
minimized or maximized in order to get a solution. Here each job has a no operations and each operation has a particular make time. When these
make times are arranged in the sequence of the schedule then each machine gets one particular make time. Out of all the machines the machines which
have the maximum make time that is the make span value, there graph are shown in fig. 2 Fig 2 Graph of Machines Conclusion This study try to
solve the problem of a
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Eating Sausage And Beliefs
Type of metal shortcut in where people are more likely to believe in something that is more common and frequently talked about. The availability
heuristic often relies on information that one already knows, which comes up in their mind first. This leads people to make fast judgements,
answers, and decisions that are not always correct. If you hear a story on the news about how eating sausage can lead to anal cancer, most people
will not believe it because it has never happened to them or anyone they know. On the other hand, if a relative, friend, or someone you know ate a
sausage and got anal cancer, you will most likely believe it is true because you've seen and heard of it yourself. (Page 70). 1973 research: subjects were
required to listen
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Advantages Of Heuristic Detection Techniques
3.2. Heuristic detection technique
This technique is also known as proactive technique. This technique is similar to signature based technique, with a difference that instead of searching
for a particular signature in the code, the malware detector now searches for the commands or instructions that are not present in the application
program. The result is that, here it becomes easy to detect new variants of malware that had not yet been discovered. Different heuristic analysis
techniques are:
3.2.1. File based heuristic analysis
It is also known as file analysis. In this technique, the file is analyzed deeply like the contents, purpose, destination, working of file. If the file contains
commands to delete or harm other file, than it is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It combines the code structure of program under inspection. If static analysis can calculate the malicious behavior in the application then this
information can then be used for future security mechanism.
One of the advantages of static analysis is that the cost of computation is low. It requires less time and low resource consumption as well.
6.Disadvantage of Static Analysis
Static analysis does not take stand for analyzing the unknown malware. The source code of many applications is not easily available. Code obfuscation
makes the pattern matching a major drawback in detecting the malicious behavior. For doing static analysis, researchers must be expert in assembly
language and should have a deep understanding about the functioning of operating system.
7.Conclusion
Static analysis is a technique to detect malicious behavior by analyzing the code segments. This technique is carried out without running the application
in an Android emulator or device. However, this technique has a major drawback of code obfuscation and dynamic code loading. This paper discusses
about what is Android Static Malware analysis, different methods and techniques, types of static analysis and its components. This paper also states the
advantages, disadvantages and limitations of static malware
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Designing A Psychology Class For Auditors
In designing a psychology class for auditors, the lesson would center on the topic of Effort Heuristic. Effort heuristic is the mental practice of assigning
a value to something based on the amount of perceived effort put into it completion. The lesson would discuss five applications of the Effort heuristics:
external evaluation, internal evaluations, effort justification, product appraisement, and audit planning.
One of the more common practices in which effort heuristic is a factor, is on external evaluations. When reviewing the work of staff auditors it can be
easy to assume that something is done right just because they took a good bit of time to accomplish it. Similarly, when a staff accomplishes a task
faster than expected, the first thought of the reviewer is that it must be wrong. These are both equally erroneous and dangerous assumptions to make. In
the first case a reviewer could accidently sign–off on a work paper that fails to catch a material misstatement. In the second scenario, the reviewer may
refrain from fully utilizing the staff because of an unjust lack of confidence in their abilities. This could also lead to poor reviews for the staff and a
missed opportunity for better efficiency. For example, in a study done by Justin Kruger, participants evaluated a poem based off how much they
enjoyed it, the quality of it, and how much they were likely to spend on it. The participants were either told that the poem took 4 hours to complete or
18 hours. The
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Judgment Under Uncertainty: The Validity Of
Introduction
In the psychology field, availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind. The replicated study was
conducted by Tversky and Kahneman in 1973 "Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristic and Biased", the study was biased in judgments to reveal some
heuristic of thinking under certainty. This study was significant because it helps us understand the brain more. In order to investigate availability the
experiment presented four lists to the participants. Two of the lists had 19 famous male and 20 non–famous female names. They were asked to recall
as many names as possible in a matter of time. The results came in with a realization that people can easily recall famous names, it is harder ... Show
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On the Race of Participants graph it shows which race was able to identify the famous and non–famous names faster. The graph Male and Female
Participants, shows if females or males had more knowledge of the names. On the original study, this was significant to see if races or genders changes
the results of the participants. The Repeated Measurement, was a strength in the study because it was a success. The study was an opportunistic
self–selection, also a strength. The Limitations of the study was that some participants were talking during the experiment, Non–participants in the
experiment area, Classroom music playing in the background, Misnumbering of participants, Wrong powerpoint was used, and classroom setup in both
trials. For better results and improvement in this study the researcher recommends that the Non–participants are removed out of the room, no music in
the background, recount the number of participants at least twice, and set up the classroom in a way that will be good for the participants in the study.
The study was a success, the students were able to identify the number of famous names faster than non–famous names. Although, there were some
limitations that could affect the results, the study was still a
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Francis Simonh M. Bries (2012-24817, Ma Psychology)....
Francis Simonh M. Bries (2012–24817, MA Psychology)
Psychology 282: Reflections–A Theory of Heuristic and Systematic Information Processing
14 February 2017
Heuristic and Systematic Processing: When Do People Think?
As opposed to attribution theory 's emphasis on human rationality in the search for the causes of behavior, the theory of heuristic and systematic
information processing takes a stance on the opposite end: Humans, with all things being equal, could not be bothered to think deeper than what can be
concluded using learned shortcuts and easily accessed information. The latter heuristic processing is preferred in most situations as it does not require
cognitive effort because of its automaticity yet nevertheless arriving at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No matter how much voters are requested to use information, conscience, or whatever form of rationality to decide on matter of national interest, an
uninformed and unmotivated electorate would always resort to emotional appeals, endorsements, and easily accessible cues–as predicted by the theory.
Perhaps, even when extreme accuracy is required by the situation, the motivation to consider information systematically more significantly determines
when people would engage in the latter.
As such, the current theory would come as an unpleasant surprise to people who obstinately cling to their hopes on the absolute rationality of humanity.
With the theory developed within Western psychology and their culture's history of the Enlightenment, scientific thinking, and philosophical
introspection, the notion of an automatic heuristic process operating separately from more conscious cognition appears unacceptable. However, some of
the heuristic cues introduced in the attitude studies that served as the basis of the theory may be acceptable for collectivist cultures. Factors such as
audience response and consensus information are inherently central to cultures where interdependence and unified perspectives are expected (i.e. that
the perspectives of one's community must be considered alongside one's own). As such, whereas an individualist culture would cite these variables as
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Introduction Of Assembly Line Balancing
1. Introduction
Assembly line balancing (ALB) issue was initially presented by Bryton and the principal exploratory study was distributed by Salveson. The
mechanical production system adjusting issue comprises of appointing undertakings to a requested grouping of stations such that the priority relations
among the errands are fulfilled and some execution measure is enhanced. Because of computational many–sided quality of the issue (ALB) is known
not a NP–difficult issue. The issue is NP–hard, since a unique variant of the issue, the one including no priority relations among assignments is a
receptacle pressing issue which is NP–hard in the solid sense. Faaland said that the current systems endeavoring to locate the ideal arrangement have a
multifaceted nature of no less than 2 power on (N). Henceforth, creating heuristic methods to take care of issues of a commonsense size remains the
main choice for the specialists. The ideal looking for calculations must be utilized to assess the execution of the heuristic methods by giving the ideal
answers for the issues of limited sizes.
Lately, numerous makers have embraced just–in–time (JIT) way to deal with assembling, finding that it enhances their profitability, benefits, and item
quality. JIT is gainful for organizations occupied with tedious, work shop, or process producing. One of the imperative changes coming about because
of (JIT) execution is the substitution of the customary straight lines with U–formed creation lines. The
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Trump's Heuristics
As the heuristics can influence decisions positively or negatively, many politicians have taken this as an opportunity to be able to influence the
public's decisions on multiples aspects regarding their vote and current countries status. Using the representative heuristic to try to represent each
case by its class, as you show the public one video of a certain aspect and they will create conclusions based on this representation they have seen.
Politicians use this as a way to create a bias towards a certain group of people such as the Muslims due to the terrorist attacks across the world.
Trump uses this type of heuristic to influence people to profile all Muslims into being the same category or certain group as they "all possess the
quality of being a terrorist". This will influence people voting for him as they have the urgency to get these certain types of people out of this country....
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We reach into our brains after watching all these news stories and believe they are more common than they actually are. Politicians take advantage of
this natural inclination as a way to lure people into voting for them to be able to resolve these current issues at hand by sharing personal stories or
showing testimonials of real victims. You base your vote on this candidate on the possibility of them ending these type of "common"
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Military Heuristics
Heuristics are mental shortcuts we use when making judgments or decisions (Aronson, Wilson, & Akert, 2013). These shortcuts may help in recalling
situations or events that may have happened, causing us to store or maintain the cause or event deep into our memories. We often do this
unconsciously, or without much effort. When a decision or judgment is made rather quickly, it may be derived from using availability heuristics. This
type of heuristics is quickly retrievable from our memory. Our brain relays to us a pile of quick memory joggers we can pick or choose from, in which
we feel are relatable to a current situation or event. When we put a lot of effort or time into thinking about a situation, or an event having a significant
impact ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is when we estimate an event by comparing it to one that we already have in our minds. We make judgments based on what we pull from the
situation that is also represented by something from another situation that we regard as a standard situation or what we determine is a norm. Care must
also be taken when using representativeness heuristics in decision making as we incorrectly estimate the chances the event will occur. According to
(Aronson et al., 2013), representative heuristics can be useful, but can also be distorted, causing flawed judgments. Once, I had a young man that was
being transferred into my office from another military installation. His last name was Mendoza. When I received documentation showcasing
Mendoza's education, experience, and military achievements, I generalized that he was of Hispanic or Latin ethnicity. I was completely mistaken on
that account. When he arrived and processed into my branch, I learned that he was not Hispanic or Latin at all. During his incoming interview, he
eluded his parents were from the Philippines. It would not have mattered at all where he came from, but I had represented his last name as being
Hispanic, therefore him of Hispanic descent, when he was from a different ethnic background altogether. My judgment was skewed because I had
lumped him in with other people with the same last
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Research Paper On Job Shop Scheduling
Job shop schedsuling using genetic algorithm
Abstract–The job–shop scheduling (JSS) can be difined as a planning of schedules with many variations according to the requirements. In job–shop
scheduling problem (JSSP) environment, there are numbers jobs to be processed on numbers of machines with a certain objective function to be
minimized or maximized. In this paper, we have used the GT–GA to solve the job shop scheduling to minimize the makespan along with the special
type of crossover known as multi–step crossover fusion (MSXF). To see wheather we get good results by modifyinng the classical approach using GA,
we have compared the result with the standard benchmark instances available. Using this combinations of the techniques, we have got results showing
deviations less than 3%.
Index Terms–Scheduling, Job Shop Scheduling, genetic algorithm.
Introduction:
The job shop scheduling problem is the combinatorial problem in which there can be many objective functions. In this paper we have selected the
makespan to be the objective function. The main objective of any scheduling is to create a schedule which specifies when each task is to begin and
what resources it will use that satisfies all the constraints while taking as little overall time as possible. The scheduling in which there is a specific
order of a job to be processed by perticular machines is called as job–shop scheduling problem. This kind of scheduling and sequecing of operations
deals with the allocations of resources optimally over time so as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Vakharia and Chang (1990) developed a scheduling system based on this method for manufacturing cells. Jeffcoat and Bulfin (1993) applied the same
to a resource–constrained scheduling problem. Their results showed that this procedure provided the best results in comparison with other
neighborhood search procedures. This method is an iterative search
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Social Psychology Investigate People 's Behaviors Within...
Abstract The relatively new science, called Social psychology investigate people's behaviors within group interactions by using researcher's knowledge
of stereotypes and heuristics (Baron, A. Robert, Branscombe, R. Nyla, pp. 37 & 183). The way people feel about other individuals and behave within
their groups is determine by their quick judgments of others. Whenever quick judgments of others are made, representations of "that kind of person" is
created and stored into memory. Typically anyone not in the same group is an outsider (Hamilton L. David, & Sherman J. Stevens, 1996). Several
studies have supported the idea that both the use of stereotypes and heuristics influence the way individuals behave in group settings. Although there
are a few that state that other characteristics are the cause of any particular behavior within a group, such as proximity (Leonard M. Jessup &David
A. Tansik, 2007). Naturally it is common for individuals to judge other individuals, as well as other groups based on beliefs about the individuals or
groups (Hamilton L. David, & Sherman J. Stevens, 1996). How a person feels about their self may also influence their behavior and cause either
negative or positive feelings (Bargh, A. John, Chen Mark, &Burrows Lara, 1996).
Key words: Stereotypes, heuristics, influence
Does the habit of creating stereotypes, and use of Heuristics influence individual's group behavior? In one form of investigation researchers use social
psychology in
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Heuristic Thinking Is The Refined Mental Process People...
Heuristic thinking is the refined mental process people use when faced with an alternative. Such decisions are typically made quickly and
unconsciously. Quickly making a decision without thinking through every detail can be advantageous but it can lead to biases and inconsistencies.
There are four common biases caused by heuristics; relative comparisons, availability, representativeness, and affective. The first bias, relative
comparison, is when people criticize based off of correlation or affiliation. Strictly speaking, a person will form their conclusion around comparing
their condition to the similar conditions of others. Relative correlation is constructed of a system of anchors and framing. Anchoring is when a
person takes easily accessible information and reasonably bases their decision within the parameters of that information. People will tend to base
their answers depending on how the question was constructed. For example, if someone was asked whether the US population was above or below
a hundred million, they would more than likely give a smaller population size then if they were asked if the population of the US was above or
below seven hundred million. Framing is when a person bases their decision on either the loss or gain to be held from a possible outcome of a
decision. As such, person is typically more concerned about repercussions rather than the actually benefits of a decision. Second is availability heuristic,
which is basing a decision off of
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The Heuristic-Systematic Model Analysis
The Heuristic–Systematic Model reveals two possible routes that an individual processes information. The route chosen by the perceiver will determine
if he or she will be socially influenced by the dominant group. When individuals perceive information systematically, they are assessing and weighing
all the information presented by the dominant group; moreover, these individuals use a high level of cognition to make thoughtful judgments about the
dominant group. Through the path of heuristics, individuals use shortcuts or cues to process information about the dominant group. Minimal cognition
is required for individuals to employ the heuristics into information processing. Here is an example that demonstrates how the heuristic route exerts
social influence. In Burning Sands, the pledges experience... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Affiliation with the fraternity necessitates the use of heuristics through "impression motivation", basically the pledges have some will to go through the
hazing process to receive the social benefits of being in a fraternity. Some of these benefits include popularity among the student body and possible
attraction from young women. In the beginning scene of Burning Sands, one of the pledges stepped in front of his line brother to protect him from
their big brother kicking him. It was the first night of hell week so this pledge had not experienced much mental exhaustion. He was able to
systematically think about the significance of brotherhood in a fraternity and profoundly acknowledge his disagreement with the pledges treatment in
relation to brotherhood. The pledge's systematic processing prevented him from succumbing to social influence from the fraternity. For skillful
judgment, individuals are advised to think systematically about the dominant group when there is some chance that the dominant group will be a
negative social
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Representative Heuristic Essay
After high school, I plan to go to a four–year college where I will either major in psychology or biology. If I meet the school requirement then I will
also be doing a pre–professional program for medicine. Once I graduate with my bachelor's degree, I plan on taking my MCATs to go to medical
school. After the four years of medical school, I am required to do three years of residency before I can officially be a practicing doctor. Once that is
done my main goal of being a pediatrician will be accomplished.
Heuristic
i. Representative– the match to our prototype.
Representative Heuristic can negatively affect my decision making for my college. Similar to stereotypes the location and the percentage of a certain
race can influence my choice. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Availability– Availability Heuristic can positively and negatively affect my decision to go to a certain college. For example, if I come upon a
school's name that seems familiar, I might remember that just recently this school had a rape incident that was never fully charged. This school
will have a bad reputation to be me because I am a female and I do not want to risk a possibility. There may be a school somewhat similar to this
school with the rape, but the fact that I cannot remember there being any rape issue can place this school on my list. This is negative because this
second school might be worst in social life, academia and there might be a greater number of rape that have occurred there however, it had never
been reported. Another example could be if the school has a reputation because they were just awarded champion in a sport. Since the school was
awarded first place or champions, I want to go to that school even though they might have the worst standards in the country in academics, this can
be a negative effect. On the other hand, if another school was just awarded first place or champion and incidentally I wanted to go to that school that
would be a positive. The reason behind it is because I wanted to go to that school beforehand probably because they had a great sports program that I
wanted to join or a pre–professional program that I
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Comparative Study Between Different Heuristics And Meta...
Comparative study between different heuristics and meta–heuristic techniques for optimizing the time–space graph M. ElWakil1, Ahmed. M.
El–Kassas1, Hassan Soltan2
1Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
2 Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Abstract: A time–space graph is a simple method for converting a transportation network 's timetable into a valid form of network for processing
network 's algorithms. Arranging network 's stations on the vertical axis of the time space graph can be modeled as a single row facility layout
problem (SRFLP). The aim is to minimize the intersection of lines representing the traveling trips on the graph. This paper presents a comparative
study between the performance of some heuristics and meta–heuristics techniques for solving this problem. The heuristic techniques are: greedy 2–OPT,
2–OPT and 3–OPT while the meta–heuristics techniques are five algorithms of simulated annealing extracted from the literature review. The techniques
were applied to the data of the timetable for the Egyptian National Railways (ENR) network – Lower Egypt.
Keywords: SRFLP, heuristics, meta–heuristics, time–space.
Introduction
Time space graph is one of the tools used to solve the time dependency of links of the transportation network. The link represents the trip has a certain
time window which
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Case Report On Charge Facility Location Problem
ESSAY
Manning Wu
June 2016
1 Uncapacitated п¬Ѓxed charge Facility Location problem
Uncapacitated п¬Ѓxed charge Facility Location problem (UFL) aims to locate facilities in a network. This company's optimization problem decides the
number of facilities to build and location to build facilities and how customers should be allocated to these facilities. The objective is to minimize cost,
including both the cost of transporting goods from facilities to customers (consider both how many items and the distance) and the п¬Ѓxed cost of
facilities. Uncapacitated п¬Ѓxed charge Facility Location problem is a modiп¬Ѓcation of P–median problem. The key diп¬Ђerences between this
model and the P–median problem are (1) only UFL considers the п¬Ѓxed facility location costs; (2) there are not constraints on the number of located
facilities in UFL. The BIP formulation is shown below: MINIMIZE X jв€€JX iв€€I FjYi + CijXij SUBJECT TO: X jв€€J Xij = 1 в€
Ђi в€€ I
Xij ≤ Yi в€
Ђi в€€ I; j в€€ J
Xij в€€{0,1}, j в€€ J, i в€€ I
Yi в€€{0,1}, i в€€ I In the formulation, I refers to depots or facilities (1...m) that provide products to the customers, J refers to centers (1...n) where
customers get their products. Fi refers to the п¬Ѓxed cost of operating depots i. dj refers to the demand of purchasing center j. cij refers to the cost of
assigning purchasing
1
center j to depots i. Yi and Xij are two binary integer variables. Yi Yi в€€{0,1} represents the decision of whether to actually locate a facility at i в€€
I.AndXij represents the decision of
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David Mcraney You Are Not So Smart Analysis
PSYC–101–62670 Lisbeth Moran There are 3 different types of Heuristics. I decided to write about the Availability Heuristic. In the book, You Are
Not So Smart by, David McRaney he explains how the availability heuristic is making a choice based on an immediate and easy example that comes
to mind when evaluating a decision. Usually, this happens when you hear something from a friend or family member and immediately assume it is
true without gathering any information, and just stop or continue whatever the problem was. When I was younger, I would always want dark hair. My
mom at that time would not let me dye my hair. I remembered my aunt telling me that coffee was a good way to get darker hair. I quickly gathered all
the materials and hid
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Does College Matter
Does College Matter in HRM? Dennis Keritsis
Imagine a man dressed up in a three thousand dollar business suit by Zegna, a pair of black polished men's oxford dress shoes, and cleanly shaven.
He is walking into an bleak empty interview room. Oddly, instead of seeing a panel of interviewers, he is given a laptop and told to write a
computer program. This person was me. Taking the day off work, I drove up to Atlanta for a job interview for a software engineering position.
Nearing my graduation in the Mercer MBA program, I am trying to take my career to the next level and find a better job. As I advanced in my
career, I am starting to question how much of a competitive edge does as degree give. The whole interview was the programming project. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The videos in Mr. University note that there is a pay differential for the different types of degrees out there with Engineering taking the top spots and
Art history and other humanities at the bottom. If college didn't provide students with valuable skills, why is there a pay differential? Looking at
Art History yearly salaries and comparing these to individual who have no college education, there is only a slightly higher pay for Art History
graduates. This might be the Sheepskin effects which are practically negligible. Engineering graduates earn up to 60,000 (I have heard at most
140,000 starting off) starting off. Engineers take a completely different set of courses from Humanities majors with a minimal amount of electives.
This means that the skills that engineers are developing are needed for the job market. In the vein of Adam Smith's economic theory, engineering
taking a narrow set of math,science, and engineering courses is representative of the division of labor needed in a capitalistic market. If individuals
are to command higher salaries, the skills are to be narrowed such that all individuals in a society are to perform work in module roles. The
engineering curriculums being narrowed in this way does not seem to be coincidental. Lastly, it is worth noting that engineers make more than other
professions and if other
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Three Heuristics Paper
Decision Making and Three Heuristics Decision making is a process that involves an individual to make a choice between multiple options available. In
an often subconscious effort to facilitate that choice, a person may use heuristics. Heuristics are general strategies to arrive at a correct conclusion
(Matlin, 2013). They have been described as "mental shortcuts" to make decisions rapidly. These are adaptive, based on one's past experiences, and
often instantaneous tools one uses to produce what is hoped to be the best outcome when faced with a choice. Three of the most commonly used
heuristics in the decision making process are the representative heuristic, the availability heuristic, and the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. While
these... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Things stored in recent memory are more easily accessed, or available for recall, which may cause one to judge events as more probable than they are
in reality. Familiarity can also diminish correct results (Kahneman, 2011 as cited in Matlin, 2013). The recognition heuristic is an example of the
availability heuristic that happens when one compares the relative frequency of two categories, but recognizes only one of the two, and estimates that
to be the higher frequency. The term illusionary correlation comes from believing two variables are statistically related, even when lacking evidence of
such. The availability heuristic also can contribute to stereotyping. The social cognition approach traces stereotyping to normal cognitive processes
(Reber, 2004, Risen et al., 2007, as cited by Matlin., 2013). An example of an individual using the availability heuristic would be a person who has
an upcoming trip planned, and after having watched multiple news reports of plane crashes, decides to take a train instead. The individual would be
basing the decision not to fly on the recency and frequency of crash reports, erroneously deducing it is unsafe to fly. The individual would be
successful, however in that there is very low likelihood of dying in a plane crash while aboard a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Representative Heuristics
There are four different rules of heuristics in social psychology – representative heuristics, availability heuristics, anchoring and adjustment heuristics,
and finally status quo heuristics. Often people employ heuristics to come to conclusions about a topic rather quickly than sitting and taking their time
to go through the standard notions of problem– solving to finally make a decision. A heuristic is a judgement that may conclude in a probable answer,
but may not always be the exact answer overall, or could be the wrong answer altogether. They do not take into account the base– rate of an event. A
base– rate can be defined as the actual calculated number of events that happen in the total population being referenced. A representative heuristic...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Often, these people will recall past instances of achieving the right paths to choose, but fail to acknowledge fully that they made mistakes in the past
or even can be susceptible to taking the wrong path when making decisions. The optimistic person could also decide to take a path or project, thinking
confidently that they will always reach their destination, but fail to realize that issues may pop up along the way, in reality consequently setting them
up to not reaching the optimum deadline or goal. Overall, it is very imperative to consider all of your options and possible consequences when making
a decision. Utilizing heuristics can point you to the right path of weighing those options, however not thinking rationally to begin with is bound to set
anyone up for undesired
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Complexity And Algorithms That Can Take An Impossible...
Complexity and Tractability
The area of tractability explores problems and algorithms that can take an impossible amount of computation to solve. Tractable problems can be
roughly defined as problems that can be solved in a reasonable amount of time, while intractable problems are those which take too long to solve to be
useful. Finding solutions to these problems is a key problem in computer science today and has been for many years. It is also important for a
computer scientist to recognise intractable problems as it would be a huge waste of time trying to write a program to an intractable problem. It would
be better to recognise this and take a different more suitable approach that would save time and effort but also would come up with a valid solution.
However there are advantages to making a problem intractable though as when securing things using intractable codes which cannot be hacked into
easily. Complexity can be simply defined as a rough estimation of amount of time it takes a particular algorithm to solve a problem. This is not only
measured in time but can be expressed as the number of steps taken in order to solve a problem. It is important to be able to measure the complexity
of a problem as this can help to indicate how good/effective an algorithm will be and whether it is tractable or not.One of the most popular intractable
problems that has been found is the Traveling Salesman problem. This problem represents a salesman who wants to find the shortest
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
What Representativeness Heuristic Is Inappropriately...
I remember and incident that the representativeness heuristic was inappropriately applied in judging me. I was playing pickup basketball while
visiting family away from my home state of Kentucky at the time, and I was wearing a University of Kentucky tee–shirt. As I walked up a team was
forming and one of the players looked at me and said, "I'll take the guy from Kentucky", presumably basing his decision on the popularity of the sport
in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. As play progressed, my lack of excellence in the game demonstrated clearly that fandom and stardom work quite
independently of one another.
I have made inappropriate judgments based on availability heuristic many times over the years. I can recall one case in particular from my childhood
during the early days of AIDS coming into public view. Around the age of 10, I remember watching a particularly disturbing news report on AIDS,
and although the details of the report are lost to me now, at the time they were fighting. I had a very limited understanding of the disease and how it
was contracted, and coincidentally I woke up the next morning not feeling well, convinced that I somehow had been infected with the dreaded disease.
Given the discussion on adolescence in our text, the standards for adult activities do somewhat coincide with what we know about human development
(Cacioppo & Fregberg, 2013 ). Limiting access to many activities based on age is advisable considering the cognitive development of adolescents
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Selection Of Suitable Evaluation Function Based On Win...
Selection of Suitable Evaluation Function Based on Win Parameter in Othello Priyanka srivastava Smita rani prajapati Umlesh yadav Kankan das
pri1991s@gmail.com smitaranipnb@gmail.com umleshyadav2012@gmail.com shan.das34@gmail.com Department of Department of Department of
Department of computer Science & computer science & computer science & computer science & Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering
ABSTRACT–––Computer games have made their presence vocal by making themselves present in the home .This paper discusses on of the board
games: Othello. The game of Othello has proved its prominence by being an active research area since long time now and has been successful to
grab extensive focus of researchers, knowledge engineers and game developers. its execution time and complexity is good .it is an appropriate choice
to be considered as a benchmark in the games development .In this paper we have compared different available strategies at length.
Keyword–Compute Othello, evaluation function ,neural network tools, search
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Evaluation Of Unit Commitment ( Uc ) Problem
Introduction
Unit Commitment (UC) problem is a procedure for finding economical schedule with respect to generator commitment/de–commitment condition with
transmission and voltage constraints. It is a difficult combinatorial optimization mixed integer programming problem that involves a large number of
binary (0–1) type variables that denotes up/down status of the units and continuous variables expressing generation output.
To solve the Unit Commitment problem various optimization techniques have been applied, such as the dynamic programming(DP) approach, the
Lagrangian Relaxation(LR) method, the branch and bound method, the Genetic Algorithm(GA) method, exhaustive enumeration, integer and mixed
integer programming.
In this paper we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This set is passed to OPF again to check for feasibility and if it is impossible to improve the solution with those rules then the process stops. The best
candidate is selected as a solution after the process is repeated for a specified number of times. The paper which we are referring [1] indicates that the
solution obtained by heuristic method is better than that of LR and GA and the time taken to produce the solution is significantly less than those two
method.
Voltage, reactive power and transmission constraints are usually not considered while solving the Unit Commitment problem. But, in this paper we
have proposed a solution of unit commitment considering all the above mentioned constraints based on heuristic method and optimal power flow (OPF).
Mathematical Model
Objective Function:
Minimization of the total cost making an allowance for all the system constraints is the objective of unit commitment.
It is denoted by,
min_(P_i^t гЂ–,UгЂ—_i^t ) C(P_i^t U_i^t )
The objective function thus is,
min_(P_i^t гЂ–,UгЂ—_i^t ) C(P_i^t U_i^t )=min_(P_i^t.U_i^t ) [ ∑_(t=1)^Tв
–’〖∑_(i=1)^Nв
–’гЂ–{FC_i (P_i^t
).(U_i^t)гЂ—+ST_i.U_i^t.(1–U_i^(t–1))гЂ—
Total fuel cost is the function of the generator output. It depends on unit heat rate and fuel price information. For practical purpose quadratic expression
is used.
гЂ–FCгЂ—_i (P_i^t) = a_i2 гЂ–гЂ–(PгЂ—_i^t)гЂ—^2 + a_i1 P_i^t + a_i0
The start–up cost is related to the features of the thermal system and
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
We use Barry Center crossing reduction heuristics. This is...
We use Barry Center crossing reduction heuristics. This is a two layer crossing reduction process. It is applied from top to bottom layer then bottom to
top, this completes one iteration.
Assign artificial positions to first layer and calculate barry center weights of nodes at second layer. Reorder the nodes at second layer in ascending order
of their barycenter weights. The above equation is for top–down sweeps of the layered graph. Similarly use Successors of v in bottom–up sweeps in the
above equation. This process might not remove all edge crossings but gives a good starting point for further Subgraph Crossing Reduction process.
4.2Subgraph Crossing Reduction
Global crossing reduction reduces some crossings but can reorder the nodes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A topological traversal of subgraph ordering graph gives ordering О±o denoting which subgraph is left of other subgraph.
5.POSITIONING
The edge crossings are reduced and nodes are placed according to their subgraphs at each layer. Now we need to calculate absolute positions for
graph nodes such that there will be enough space to draw subgraph boundaries. To draw subgraph vertical boundaries straight we add trail of dummy
vertical nodes one to the left and one to the right side of each layer in every subgraph.
The goal is to position the long edges as straight as possible and vertical borders of subgraph strictly vertical without reordering the nodes at any layer.
We present a heuristic approach based on Brandes[] approach. The nodes have different height and width. There should be no overlap between any two
nodes and node and subgraph boundary. The process consists of three steps. The first and second steps are carried out four times. The first algorithm
referred as vertical alignment, to align nodes with its either median upper or median lower neighbor node. This will give maximum possible straight
long edges positions in upward and downward direction. The alignment conflicts are resolved with leftmost and rightmost direction. Combination of the
directions creates four alignments namely Upward–Left, Upward–Right, Downward–Left and Downward–Right. In second step each alignment is
given absolute positions according to four alignments. In last step these alignments
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Can You Image A Life With Hearing Music?
Could you image a life with hearing music? In today's society it is impossible to go somewhere and not hear music playing in the background or
as the center entertainment. Whether it be while you are shopping for food or at the dentist, it is very likely that you will hear music. In many
places it is put there as a way to persuade people, to uplift them. However, the persuasive message I will be discussion is the ads that come on
music apps, mostly on Spotify. To some they are simple just a music app, but if you listen closely you will hear that you are being persuaded to
upgrade that music app. When a product is used in your everyday life it is easy to give in, but it helps if that persuasive message has certain
qualities, such as; context, stickiness, models, and the goals from the individual can all make a difference. When I hear this certain ad I always
picture a party, because that is something I picture from the noises in the ad. I heard this ad about half a year ago and I hear it on a weekly basis
now. I listen to Spotify every day and it has been that way for over a year. I am able to listen to Spotify for free, with the exception of ads and no
skipping. The one thing I refuse to do was to pay for music I can listen to for free. Usually the ads are promoting the upgrade. This ad that I keep
refereeing to, starts off with a few people talking. After a couple seconds the music, in the ad, starts up and everyone starts having a great time and
people are talking. A
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Symbolic Convergence Theory Of Public Health
Convergence Theory
Communication provides sustainable information to everyone throughout the world, whether it is through signs, pictures, objects or just simply words.
Symbolic Convergence Theory (SCT), simply known as Convergence Theory, accentuates the importance of mutual agreement, mutualunderstanding
and information sharing through various groups and community's actions that will ultimately bring social change for the better of Earth and its'
community (Figueroa, Kincaid, Rani, and Lewis, 2002, p. 4). The purpose of this theory in the field of public health is to explain the general
tendencies of humans in a "crowd" situation so that studiers may obtain a clear understanding of why and how individuals allow themselves to act and
behave ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because this theory obtains the criteria of the Evolution Theory, the primary strengths for theConvergence Theory clearly are: scope, appropriateness,
heuristic value, validity, parsimony and openness. With these six components one can understand how this makes the convergence theory a "good"
theory. In addition, the weakness for this theory is as simple as this: because almost all decisions of the Convergence Theory happen to be subconscious
decisions, criticism can occur even though the individuals are not aware of it. With this, the influential aspect of this theory can be highly limited due
to the notion that this theory just happens without anyone being consciously
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Production Strategy Essay
2.2 Strategic decision of production strategy
(Barton), 2013 developed a suitable production method for a gathering of items with request and conjecture data for a restricted skyline by utilizing a
Genetic Algorithm (GA). They did computational analyses for an improved model for a semiconductor supply chain. Their heuristic model has a decent
outcome than other straightforward dividing heuristics in view of item qualities. The supply chain of a simplified semiconductor was considered with
different products. The results of the GA are compared with results obtained by other methods. There are two major factors to make the decision about
production strategy. The first is the production lead time to arrange lead time proportion, while the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He made the decision for MTS or MTO for each item with a model using a zero–one variable. The minimizing of inventory cost of MTS things while
guaranteeing that requests for the satisfied MTO items are the objective. It was a hard mixed–integer nonlinear program, a heuristic solution procedure
was presented with and without congestion effects to ensure that MTO system may be bring down cost yet had a higher inconstancy. Some
computational study was made to estimate the heuristic performance relative to the lower bound and found that the decision depended not only on the
items demand but also on its unit holding cost, its time of processing and setup time. An item with higher per–unit holding cost are more such to be
MTO and items with higher setup times are more such to be MTS.
(Köber & Heinecke), 2012 used the data from the global manufacturer of agricultural supply chain to make their case study. It was based on the
model of (Olhager, 2003). Usually, products with a lower relative demand variation correlate with a higher volume of demand. And the lower volume
of demand products have a have relative high volatile demand. Thus the production strategy may be a MTO or hybrid strategy, where every production
order starts when a consumer order. They defined the hybrid strategy of production which is composed the three phases. In the first phase the products
are grouped into the two strategies (MTO
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Production Strategy Essay
2.2 Strategic decision for production strategy
(Barton), 2013 developed a suitable production method for a gathering of items with a request and conjecture data for a restricted skyline by utilizing a
Genetic Algorithm (GA). They did computational analyses for an improved model for a semiconductor supply chain. Their heuristic model has a decent
outcome than other straightforward dividing heuristics in view of item qualifies. The supply chain of a simplified semiconductor was considered with
different products. The results of the GA are compared with results obtained by other methods. There are two major factors to make the decision about
production strategy. The first is the production lead time to delivery lead time proportion, while the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He made the decision for MTS or MTO for each item with a model using a zero–one variable. The minimizing of inventory cost of MTS things while
guaranteeing that requests for the satisfied MTO items are the objective. It was a hard mixed–integer nonlinear program, a heuristic solution procedure
was presented with and without congestion effects to ensure that MTO system may be consumer down cost yet had a higher inconstancy. Some
computational study was made to estimate the heuristic performance relative to the lower bound and found that the decision depended not only on the
items demand but also on its unit holding cost, its time of processing and setup time. An item with higher per–unit holding cost are more such to be
MTO and items with higher setup times are more such to be MTS.
(Köber & Heinecke), 2012 used the data from the global manufacturer of agricultural supply chain to make their case study. It was based on the
model of (Olhager, 2003). Usually, products with a lower relative demand variation correlate with a higher volume of demand. And the lower volume
of demand products have a have relative high volatile demand. Thus the production strategy may be a MTO or hybrid strategy, where every production
order starts when a consumer order. They defined the hybrid strategy of production which is composed the three phases. In the first phase the products
are grouped into the
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Airline Cost Analysis Paper
Topic 1: A Simulation Approach to Airline Cost Benefit Analysis
Introduction:
The current increase in fuel price gives impact on airlines all over the world. This lead to bankruptcies, reduction in flight amount, service and
operation among airlines globally. Fuel and crew are the two major component in airlines and drives the operating cost.
Problem statement:
Just a one percent increase in jet fuel prices, translates to $530 million for the US airline industry. Due to up in jet fuel an airlines initiated a study with
Aeronautical University to handle a feasibility study purposed at utilizing Towbarless Towing Vehicles to lift aircraft to and from the terminal to
airline's maintenance hangar facility.
Objective:
To Considering the high purchasing cost of the supertugs .
To evaluate economic justifications for purchasing supertugs.
To Calculate the payback period of the investment
To Calculate how many of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The cheapest and effective way of reduce customer waiting time is by managing restaurant table capacity. This includes management of when the seats
are assigned and how the server handles the station as well.
Problem statement:
Long waiting time restaurants is the major course of customer dissatisfaction. By rearranging the setting of restaurant tables, restaurant staffs can
reduce customer waiting times and provide prompt service. To address these research questions, a simulation model was developed that incorporated
"uncertain demand" and the "spatial priority" of table assignments.
Objective:
To examined whether restaurant table assignment policies help to improve system performance by specifically focusing on how to assign an incoming
party a table location.
To find ways to combine tables to reduce customer waiting time.
Method:
MATLAB simulation were used to create restaurant simulation
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
What Are Representative Heuristics
Representative Heuristics is used in making judgments under uncertainty. In making judgments, people usually pay attention to the similarity
between such event and a standard process. In one example, when I had severe pain and had ulcers in my stomach, everybody in the family asked
me about whether I had experienced stress and worries over my life. Everybody was concerned that I was young and had started worrying about life
to the point of developing ulcers. In so doing, they referred to a similar case in the neighborhood where severe mental stress had resulted in severe
ulcers. Yet, the ulcers were caused by a certain bacterial infection in my stomach. It was successfully treated and I regained myhealth. In representative
heuristics,
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Jakob Neilson's 2nd Heuristic
Jakob Neilson's 2nd Heuristic
The Jakob Nielson's 2nd heuristic is the match between system and the real world. The system should speak the user's language, with words, phrases,
and concepts for users, rather than system–oriented terms. Follow real world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order
(Nielson, 1995). The paper we will introduce three interactive items correlating between the system and the real world. Applying Neilson's 2nd heuristic
with the three interactive items will assist the user with the understanding of the language, vocabulary, and concepts that the user can apply to real
world. In addition, the users can apply this to real events in order to interact with the system itself
iPAD and the AppleMAC OS and Jakob Nielsen's 2nd heuristic
I possess an iPad mini that operates off the Apple Macintosh Operating System OS to. The Apple MAC OS are series of graphical user interface (UI)
based operating systems developed by Apple Incorporated for their Macintosh computer line systems. The innovative operating system was first
introduced in 1984 and was referred to as the "System". Major revision was developed such as the "System 6" and "System 7". When Apple
developed the 7.6, they renamed the "System" to the Mac OS which was as part of their Macintosh clone program in 1996. The Macintosh system
software, is credited with having promoted the early graphical UI concept.
Operating the Apple Mac OS can be intimidating and a challenged.
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
How Representativeness, Familiarity, And Social...
Introduction
The purpose of this written assignment is to examine and study how representativeness, familiarity, and social interactions are convoluted in the
pronouncements of an investor, and how these comportments can lead to stock market bubbles. There will be three source materials provided to assist
with this information, including excerpt from our weekly materials and the textbook, which includes chapters eight and nine.
Representativeness
The first source of information is from the stockmarketinvesting.com website, which discusses the assumptions that are related to representativeness
in a few examples. The first example is with people, how we assume a person is good or bad based on a few qualities, and based on a quick ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This information combines the heuristics, which are simple rules used to make judgements, and representativeness, which is the extent to which an
event is representative of its parent population. This amounts to the reliance on representativeness heuristic, which can be mistakenly used to
erroneously magistrate something to seem more representative than it should be (Representativeness heuristic – Breaking Down Finance, n.d., para.
1–7).
The main point I received from the source material in this particular case is that investors may tend to follow trends in the stock market. However, due
to the representativeness heuristic instances, forecasting a future trend is much more difficult than following a current one. The success of
following the current trend is also something to keep in mind because it takes diligence to be able to see what is actually a trend or a slight
change in the sequence of events in the stock performance. Based on this information, I believe it is best for an investor to be able to take a step
back upon evaluating a stock market trend or stock performance, and really look at what is changing/not changing, as far as the stock prices are
concerned. This will be helpful in being able to withstand a loss or in contrary reaping the benefits of a stock purchase gain. The relation between the
two sources so far have been that there can be random occurrences in the stock
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
Jason Swartwood Wisdom
Wisdom is a bit of an elusive topic. There seems to be a general consensus of what counts as wisdom, however, when asked for a definition 'acting
with regards to knowledge and understanding' is commonly used. While this definition is certainly workable, it does not go very deep into this vast
concept. How exactly do knowledge and understanding interact to reach the level of wisdom? There is not a whole lot of work done analyzing the
process of acting wisely. One such attempt is made by Jason Swartwood, who claims that wisdom can be thought of as an expert skill. He claims that
wisdom is the same kind of epistemic achievement as expert decision–making. This approach to wisdom allows for interesting insight into this topic
and can begin to look ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the more pressing questions is the ability to identify wisdom. Identifying wisdom is something that is fairly common among people even
without such in depth knowledge. Along the lines of identifying wisdom, how do heuristics play into this discussion? Heuristics are any sort of
approach to solving a problem that is sufficient in achieving immediate goals. Typically when applied to games, they are approaches at playing in
the most optimal fashion in the widest variety of scenarios. One of the great things about heuristics is that it is not always necessary for these
heuristics to be developed by an individual and can be passed to people who may be very new to these situations or scenarios. Someone fairly new to
the game of chess could be given a set of heuristics with which to play by such that they could fair very well in the tournament. There are a couple
main components to the notion of heuristics, which could cause interesting cases under Swartwood's account for wisdom. This beginning chess player
could very well appear to be acting wisely in this tournament, but would they actually acting wisely? The first aspect of heuristics is their ability to
achieve short–term goals. Now the part of Swartwood's argument that this would focus on is the domain in which his argument is concerned and the
ability to grasp success reasons to perform an
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Three Heuristics Of Regression To The Mean

  • 1. Three Heuristics Of Regression To The Mean Chapters sixteen through eighteen delve into three heuristics: the heuristic of causes trumping statistics, the heuristic of regression to the mean, and the heuristic of intuitive predictions. All three of the heuristics control our daily lives more greatly than we realize and influence our humanity in a variety of ways; however, the heuristic of regression to the mean caught my attention most firmly. Not only is this heuristic unique to the human mind, but it also helps explain why we approach certain topics or ideas the way we do. The heuristic of regression to the mean helps explain what we view as lucky vs. unlucky days. This heuristic shows that the more luck we have one day, the more unlucky the next day will seem, although in reality ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Priming Effects : The Florida Effect, The Lady Macbeth ' ANSWER Q 1 1. Florida Effect, the Lady Macbeth effect, the money effect, the holding pencil in mouth effect are a few of many examples of Priming effects, explain how priming works using these as examples. Lastly, contrast that to the association of ideas and how does it relate to holding a pencil in your mouth or how pictures of flowers and eyes placed over a coffee and tea station effect our behaviors? More importantly this presents what flaw in which system? Feeling that the spirit of the human being contaminated leads to the desire to cleanse the body of this phenomenon, according Kahneman, this phenomenon called (Lady Macbeth). Kahneman refers to the "Florida effect" that it involves two stages of priming. First, the set of words primes thoughts of old age, though the word old is never mentioned; second, these thoughts prime a behavior, walking slowly, which is associated with old age". For example, the Florida effect As evoked by Kahneman in his book, reports for an astonishing experiment made on a group of young students. After reading some words and phrases related to old age, they will tend to behave like elderly people. we have been introduced to the stranger in ourselves. And they also affect the rest of our mindset, a priming is one of the most common concepts in Kahneman's book because it can take many forms. A simple example is to ask what word PA_N is associated with. If we speak of food just before, the word PAIN will emerge most often. But, if we speak of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. Heuristic Rules For Job Shop Scheduling Essay CHAPTER 3 HEURISTIC RULES FOR JOB SHOP SCHEDULING 3.1 Introduction The considered intention in this chapter is finding out the best solution for job shop scheduling problems based on heuristic rules solution, taking into account different measurable performance criteria for the same solution. The objective is achieved by trying to obtain the best sequence of jobs to be processed on machines. 3.2 Methodology The general framework of the scheduling, which is considered in this project and the methodology followed to examine some heuristic rules for job shop scheduling problem which are described in detail in this chapter. The heuristic rules are proposed and tested in their scheduled performances in benchmark problems. In order to solve these problems, we try to use LEKIN–Flexible Job–Shop Scheduling System to obtain the best results. The procedure that will be followed by the proposed LEKIN software for solving the JSSP is presented in Fig. 3.1. A comparison between the results of the considered cases will be made to see the influence of weight on the scheduling process. The choice of a schedule is governed by the criteria used to evaluate it. 3.3 Problem Statement A brief description of a job shop scheduling problem has already been provided in Chapter 1. In this project, the size of the considered problem is JГ—M, where J represents the number of jobs (5) and M represents the number of machines (5). Four rules will be tested on a data set consists of twenty case ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Evaluation Of A New Hybrid Strategy Abstract Testing is an important process in software development and widely used by developers to reveal bugs. Often, software failures can lead to disastrous consequences such as loss of data, fortune and lives. Test engineers have generated a set of test cases to validate against the user requirements. The highest number of reduction can save a cost of testing. When dealing with a large line of code (LOCs) there still has redundancy happened. Our experiment studies about hybrid tReduct GNA_SA and the existing strategies to counter test redundancy reduction issues. In our experiment, we apply four (tReductLAHC, tReductSA, tReductGNA and tReduct GNA_SA) test–suite reduction strategies for six different situation. After that, we then measure the effectiveness of the diversified solutions of four test suite reduction strategies. Our experiment shows that a new hybrid strategy tReduct GNA_SA offers more effectiveness to reduce redundancy compared to existing work. Keywords: Test suite redundancy reduction. Search based software engineering. Global Neighborhood Algorithm .Optimization . Simulated Annealing 1.0INTRODUCTION Software testing refers to the process of finding an error of ensuring that particular software meets its specification. The growing complexity of software division into various application demands highly skilled engineers with the appropriate mix of expertise. Testers need to do sampling such as generates a set of test cases to validate against the user ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. Availability Heuristic Advantages And Disadvantages 1.Availability Heuristic Concept Availability heuristic can be defined as making a choice based on immediate and easy examples that comes to the mind more easily when evaluating a decision. Even though availability heuristic has many pros such as saving time when making a choice, it does come with cons. This is because the availability heuristic distorts our understanding of real threats and risks. For example, Tom is a 10–year–old boy that adores puppies and loves playing with them. One day he saw a puppy bite its owner. Due to this small incident, Tom avoids playing with puppies even though the likelihood of it happening is slim. Since this heuristic draws from immediate and easy examples, it uses system 1 to evaluate our decisions. As we already know system 1 can lead to a lot of incorrect assessments in comparison to system 2. Example A recent news article came out with the title "Four arrested after armed home invasion in Vaughn". Where the article talks about how four individuals entered a home armed. Link: http://www.cp24.com/news/four–arrested–after–armed–home–invasion–in–vaughan–1.3345993 Explanation My parents rarely read the news due to lack of time, but they knew about this incident because it was close to our home and all my relatives were talking about it. After the article came out, a few days later my parents replaced all locks in our house with more secure ones and installed security cameras, even though the chance of it happening to our house was ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. The Machine Time Span However, in each case, it is assumed that the machine time is known as soon as it occurs. This machine has a direct consequence on the number of operation that is fixed and indirectly reflects on the total number of operation present in the potential re–scheduling. Instances of the job shop problem (10x10, 8x15, 5x10, 10x 15, 5x15, 5x20, 6x24, 10x20,) are considered. Two machines can influence the decision variables. Several cases with different values of this parameter are studied. The different simulations tested in this research consider various times of these three machines. From the above two method the obtained sequence times are less than the observation time span. Both method has reduce the time span of job shop but Gupta's heuristic rule has reduce maximum time span i.e. 196 and CDS rule take 200 time to complete all operation in here machines. Reducing the time span of the scheduling method deteriorates the increasing production rates. Each optimization problem must have an objective function which has to be either minimized or maximized in order to get a solution. Here each job has a no operations and each operation has a particular make time. When these make times are arranged in the sequence of the schedule then each machine gets one particular make time. Out of all the machines the machines which have the maximum make time that is the make span value, there graph are shown in fig. 2 Fig 2 Graph of Machines Conclusion This study try to solve the problem of a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Eating Sausage And Beliefs Type of metal shortcut in where people are more likely to believe in something that is more common and frequently talked about. The availability heuristic often relies on information that one already knows, which comes up in their mind first. This leads people to make fast judgements, answers, and decisions that are not always correct. If you hear a story on the news about how eating sausage can lead to anal cancer, most people will not believe it because it has never happened to them or anyone they know. On the other hand, if a relative, friend, or someone you know ate a sausage and got anal cancer, you will most likely believe it is true because you've seen and heard of it yourself. (Page 70). 1973 research: subjects were required to listen ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Advantages Of Heuristic Detection Techniques 3.2. Heuristic detection technique This technique is also known as proactive technique. This technique is similar to signature based technique, with a difference that instead of searching for a particular signature in the code, the malware detector now searches for the commands or instructions that are not present in the application program. The result is that, here it becomes easy to detect new variants of malware that had not yet been discovered. Different heuristic analysis techniques are: 3.2.1. File based heuristic analysis It is also known as file analysis. In this technique, the file is analyzed deeply like the contents, purpose, destination, working of file. If the file contains commands to delete or harm other file, than it is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It combines the code structure of program under inspection. If static analysis can calculate the malicious behavior in the application then this information can then be used for future security mechanism. One of the advantages of static analysis is that the cost of computation is low. It requires less time and low resource consumption as well. 6.Disadvantage of Static Analysis Static analysis does not take stand for analyzing the unknown malware. The source code of many applications is not easily available. Code obfuscation makes the pattern matching a major drawback in detecting the malicious behavior. For doing static analysis, researchers must be expert in assembly language and should have a deep understanding about the functioning of operating system. 7.Conclusion Static analysis is a technique to detect malicious behavior by analyzing the code segments. This technique is carried out without running the application in an Android emulator or device. However, this technique has a major drawback of code obfuscation and dynamic code loading. This paper discusses about what is Android Static Malware analysis, different methods and techniques, types of static analysis and its components. This paper also states the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of static malware ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Designing A Psychology Class For Auditors In designing a psychology class for auditors, the lesson would center on the topic of Effort Heuristic. Effort heuristic is the mental practice of assigning a value to something based on the amount of perceived effort put into it completion. The lesson would discuss five applications of the Effort heuristics: external evaluation, internal evaluations, effort justification, product appraisement, and audit planning. One of the more common practices in which effort heuristic is a factor, is on external evaluations. When reviewing the work of staff auditors it can be easy to assume that something is done right just because they took a good bit of time to accomplish it. Similarly, when a staff accomplishes a task faster than expected, the first thought of the reviewer is that it must be wrong. These are both equally erroneous and dangerous assumptions to make. In the first case a reviewer could accidently sign–off on a work paper that fails to catch a material misstatement. In the second scenario, the reviewer may refrain from fully utilizing the staff because of an unjust lack of confidence in their abilities. This could also lead to poor reviews for the staff and a missed opportunity for better efficiency. For example, in a study done by Justin Kruger, participants evaluated a poem based off how much they enjoyed it, the quality of it, and how much they were likely to spend on it. The participants were either told that the poem took 4 hours to complete or 18 hours. The ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Judgment Under Uncertainty: The Validity Of Introduction In the psychology field, availability heuristic is a mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind. The replicated study was conducted by Tversky and Kahneman in 1973 "Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristic and Biased", the study was biased in judgments to reveal some heuristic of thinking under certainty. This study was significant because it helps us understand the brain more. In order to investigate availability the experiment presented four lists to the participants. Two of the lists had 19 famous male and 20 non–famous female names. They were asked to recall as many names as possible in a matter of time. The results came in with a realization that people can easily recall famous names, it is harder ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... On the Race of Participants graph it shows which race was able to identify the famous and non–famous names faster. The graph Male and Female Participants, shows if females or males had more knowledge of the names. On the original study, this was significant to see if races or genders changes the results of the participants. The Repeated Measurement, was a strength in the study because it was a success. The study was an opportunistic self–selection, also a strength. The Limitations of the study was that some participants were talking during the experiment, Non–participants in the experiment area, Classroom music playing in the background, Misnumbering of participants, Wrong powerpoint was used, and classroom setup in both trials. For better results and improvement in this study the researcher recommends that the Non–participants are removed out of the room, no music in the background, recount the number of participants at least twice, and set up the classroom in a way that will be good for the participants in the study. The study was a success, the students were able to identify the number of famous names faster than non–famous names. Although, there were some limitations that could affect the results, the study was still a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. Francis Simonh M. Bries (2012-24817, Ma Psychology).... Francis Simonh M. Bries (2012–24817, MA Psychology) Psychology 282: Reflections–A Theory of Heuristic and Systematic Information Processing 14 February 2017 Heuristic and Systematic Processing: When Do People Think? As opposed to attribution theory 's emphasis on human rationality in the search for the causes of behavior, the theory of heuristic and systematic information processing takes a stance on the opposite end: Humans, with all things being equal, could not be bothered to think deeper than what can be concluded using learned shortcuts and easily accessed information. The latter heuristic processing is preferred in most situations as it does not require cognitive effort because of its automaticity yet nevertheless arriving at ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... No matter how much voters are requested to use information, conscience, or whatever form of rationality to decide on matter of national interest, an uninformed and unmotivated electorate would always resort to emotional appeals, endorsements, and easily accessible cues–as predicted by the theory. Perhaps, even when extreme accuracy is required by the situation, the motivation to consider information systematically more significantly determines when people would engage in the latter. As such, the current theory would come as an unpleasant surprise to people who obstinately cling to their hopes on the absolute rationality of humanity. With the theory developed within Western psychology and their culture's history of the Enlightenment, scientific thinking, and philosophical introspection, the notion of an automatic heuristic process operating separately from more conscious cognition appears unacceptable. However, some of the heuristic cues introduced in the attitude studies that served as the basis of the theory may be acceptable for collectivist cultures. Factors such as audience response and consensus information are inherently central to cultures where interdependence and unified perspectives are expected (i.e. that the perspectives of one's community must be considered alongside one's own). As such, whereas an individualist culture would cite these variables as ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Introduction Of Assembly Line Balancing 1. Introduction Assembly line balancing (ALB) issue was initially presented by Bryton and the principal exploratory study was distributed by Salveson. The mechanical production system adjusting issue comprises of appointing undertakings to a requested grouping of stations such that the priority relations among the errands are fulfilled and some execution measure is enhanced. Because of computational many–sided quality of the issue (ALB) is known not a NP–difficult issue. The issue is NP–hard, since a unique variant of the issue, the one including no priority relations among assignments is a receptacle pressing issue which is NP–hard in the solid sense. Faaland said that the current systems endeavoring to locate the ideal arrangement have a multifaceted nature of no less than 2 power on (N). Henceforth, creating heuristic methods to take care of issues of a commonsense size remains the main choice for the specialists. The ideal looking for calculations must be utilized to assess the execution of the heuristic methods by giving the ideal answers for the issues of limited sizes. Lately, numerous makers have embraced just–in–time (JIT) way to deal with assembling, finding that it enhances their profitability, benefits, and item quality. JIT is gainful for organizations occupied with tedious, work shop, or process producing. One of the imperative changes coming about because of (JIT) execution is the substitution of the customary straight lines with U–formed creation lines. The ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Trump's Heuristics As the heuristics can influence decisions positively or negatively, many politicians have taken this as an opportunity to be able to influence the public's decisions on multiples aspects regarding their vote and current countries status. Using the representative heuristic to try to represent each case by its class, as you show the public one video of a certain aspect and they will create conclusions based on this representation they have seen. Politicians use this as a way to create a bias towards a certain group of people such as the Muslims due to the terrorist attacks across the world. Trump uses this type of heuristic to influence people to profile all Muslims into being the same category or certain group as they "all possess the quality of being a terrorist". This will influence people voting for him as they have the urgency to get these certain types of people out of this country.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... We reach into our brains after watching all these news stories and believe they are more common than they actually are. Politicians take advantage of this natural inclination as a way to lure people into voting for them to be able to resolve these current issues at hand by sharing personal stories or showing testimonials of real victims. You base your vote on this candidate on the possibility of them ending these type of "common" ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. Military Heuristics Heuristics are mental shortcuts we use when making judgments or decisions (Aronson, Wilson, & Akert, 2013). These shortcuts may help in recalling situations or events that may have happened, causing us to store or maintain the cause or event deep into our memories. We often do this unconsciously, or without much effort. When a decision or judgment is made rather quickly, it may be derived from using availability heuristics. This type of heuristics is quickly retrievable from our memory. Our brain relays to us a pile of quick memory joggers we can pick or choose from, in which we feel are relatable to a current situation or event. When we put a lot of effort or time into thinking about a situation, or an event having a significant impact ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This is when we estimate an event by comparing it to one that we already have in our minds. We make judgments based on what we pull from the situation that is also represented by something from another situation that we regard as a standard situation or what we determine is a norm. Care must also be taken when using representativeness heuristics in decision making as we incorrectly estimate the chances the event will occur. According to (Aronson et al., 2013), representative heuristics can be useful, but can also be distorted, causing flawed judgments. Once, I had a young man that was being transferred into my office from another military installation. His last name was Mendoza. When I received documentation showcasing Mendoza's education, experience, and military achievements, I generalized that he was of Hispanic or Latin ethnicity. I was completely mistaken on that account. When he arrived and processed into my branch, I learned that he was not Hispanic or Latin at all. During his incoming interview, he eluded his parents were from the Philippines. It would not have mattered at all where he came from, but I had represented his last name as being Hispanic, therefore him of Hispanic descent, when he was from a different ethnic background altogether. My judgment was skewed because I had lumped him in with other people with the same last ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Research Paper On Job Shop Scheduling Job shop schedsuling using genetic algorithm Abstract–The job–shop scheduling (JSS) can be difined as a planning of schedules with many variations according to the requirements. In job–shop scheduling problem (JSSP) environment, there are numbers jobs to be processed on numbers of machines with a certain objective function to be minimized or maximized. In this paper, we have used the GT–GA to solve the job shop scheduling to minimize the makespan along with the special type of crossover known as multi–step crossover fusion (MSXF). To see wheather we get good results by modifyinng the classical approach using GA, we have compared the result with the standard benchmark instances available. Using this combinations of the techniques, we have got results showing deviations less than 3%. Index Terms–Scheduling, Job Shop Scheduling, genetic algorithm. Introduction: The job shop scheduling problem is the combinatorial problem in which there can be many objective functions. In this paper we have selected the makespan to be the objective function. The main objective of any scheduling is to create a schedule which specifies when each task is to begin and what resources it will use that satisfies all the constraints while taking as little overall time as possible. The scheduling in which there is a specific order of a job to be processed by perticular machines is called as job–shop scheduling problem. This kind of scheduling and sequecing of operations deals with the allocations of resources optimally over time so as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Vakharia and Chang (1990) developed a scheduling system based on this method for manufacturing cells. Jeffcoat and Bulfin (1993) applied the same to a resource–constrained scheduling problem. Their results showed that this procedure provided the best results in comparison with other neighborhood search procedures. This method is an iterative search ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Social Psychology Investigate People 's Behaviors Within... Abstract The relatively new science, called Social psychology investigate people's behaviors within group interactions by using researcher's knowledge of stereotypes and heuristics (Baron, A. Robert, Branscombe, R. Nyla, pp. 37 & 183). The way people feel about other individuals and behave within their groups is determine by their quick judgments of others. Whenever quick judgments of others are made, representations of "that kind of person" is created and stored into memory. Typically anyone not in the same group is an outsider (Hamilton L. David, & Sherman J. Stevens, 1996). Several studies have supported the idea that both the use of stereotypes and heuristics influence the way individuals behave in group settings. Although there are a few that state that other characteristics are the cause of any particular behavior within a group, such as proximity (Leonard M. Jessup &David A. Tansik, 2007). Naturally it is common for individuals to judge other individuals, as well as other groups based on beliefs about the individuals or groups (Hamilton L. David, & Sherman J. Stevens, 1996). How a person feels about their self may also influence their behavior and cause either negative or positive feelings (Bargh, A. John, Chen Mark, &Burrows Lara, 1996). Key words: Stereotypes, heuristics, influence Does the habit of creating stereotypes, and use of Heuristics influence individual's group behavior? In one form of investigation researchers use social psychology in ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. Heuristic Thinking Is The Refined Mental Process People... Heuristic thinking is the refined mental process people use when faced with an alternative. Such decisions are typically made quickly and unconsciously. Quickly making a decision without thinking through every detail can be advantageous but it can lead to biases and inconsistencies. There are four common biases caused by heuristics; relative comparisons, availability, representativeness, and affective. The first bias, relative comparison, is when people criticize based off of correlation or affiliation. Strictly speaking, a person will form their conclusion around comparing their condition to the similar conditions of others. Relative correlation is constructed of a system of anchors and framing. Anchoring is when a person takes easily accessible information and reasonably bases their decision within the parameters of that information. People will tend to base their answers depending on how the question was constructed. For example, if someone was asked whether the US population was above or below a hundred million, they would more than likely give a smaller population size then if they were asked if the population of the US was above or below seven hundred million. Framing is when a person bases their decision on either the loss or gain to be held from a possible outcome of a decision. As such, person is typically more concerned about repercussions rather than the actually benefits of a decision. Second is availability heuristic, which is basing a decision off of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18. The Heuristic-Systematic Model Analysis The Heuristic–Systematic Model reveals two possible routes that an individual processes information. The route chosen by the perceiver will determine if he or she will be socially influenced by the dominant group. When individuals perceive information systematically, they are assessing and weighing all the information presented by the dominant group; moreover, these individuals use a high level of cognition to make thoughtful judgments about the dominant group. Through the path of heuristics, individuals use shortcuts or cues to process information about the dominant group. Minimal cognition is required for individuals to employ the heuristics into information processing. Here is an example that demonstrates how the heuristic route exerts social influence. In Burning Sands, the pledges experience... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Affiliation with the fraternity necessitates the use of heuristics through "impression motivation", basically the pledges have some will to go through the hazing process to receive the social benefits of being in a fraternity. Some of these benefits include popularity among the student body and possible attraction from young women. In the beginning scene of Burning Sands, one of the pledges stepped in front of his line brother to protect him from their big brother kicking him. It was the first night of hell week so this pledge had not experienced much mental exhaustion. He was able to systematically think about the significance of brotherhood in a fraternity and profoundly acknowledge his disagreement with the pledges treatment in relation to brotherhood. The pledge's systematic processing prevented him from succumbing to social influence from the fraternity. For skillful judgment, individuals are advised to think systematically about the dominant group when there is some chance that the dominant group will be a negative social ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. Representative Heuristic Essay After high school, I plan to go to a four–year college where I will either major in psychology or biology. If I meet the school requirement then I will also be doing a pre–professional program for medicine. Once I graduate with my bachelor's degree, I plan on taking my MCATs to go to medical school. After the four years of medical school, I am required to do three years of residency before I can officially be a practicing doctor. Once that is done my main goal of being a pediatrician will be accomplished. Heuristic i. Representative– the match to our prototype. Representative Heuristic can negatively affect my decision making for my college. Similar to stereotypes the location and the percentage of a certain race can influence my choice. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Availability– Availability Heuristic can positively and negatively affect my decision to go to a certain college. For example, if I come upon a school's name that seems familiar, I might remember that just recently this school had a rape incident that was never fully charged. This school will have a bad reputation to be me because I am a female and I do not want to risk a possibility. There may be a school somewhat similar to this school with the rape, but the fact that I cannot remember there being any rape issue can place this school on my list. This is negative because this second school might be worst in social life, academia and there might be a greater number of rape that have occurred there however, it had never been reported. Another example could be if the school has a reputation because they were just awarded champion in a sport. Since the school was awarded first place or champions, I want to go to that school even though they might have the worst standards in the country in academics, this can be a negative effect. On the other hand, if another school was just awarded first place or champion and incidentally I wanted to go to that school that would be a positive. The reason behind it is because I wanted to go to that school beforehand probably because they had a great sports program that I wanted to join or a pre–professional program that I ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Comparative Study Between Different Heuristics And Meta... Comparative study between different heuristics and meta–heuristic techniques for optimizing the time–space graph M. ElWakil1, Ahmed. M. El–Kassas1, Hassan Soltan2 1Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt 2 Production Engineering and Mechanical Design Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt Abstract: A time–space graph is a simple method for converting a transportation network 's timetable into a valid form of network for processing network 's algorithms. Arranging network 's stations on the vertical axis of the time space graph can be modeled as a single row facility layout problem (SRFLP). The aim is to minimize the intersection of lines representing the traveling trips on the graph. This paper presents a comparative study between the performance of some heuristics and meta–heuristics techniques for solving this problem. The heuristic techniques are: greedy 2–OPT, 2–OPT and 3–OPT while the meta–heuristics techniques are five algorithms of simulated annealing extracted from the literature review. The techniques were applied to the data of the timetable for the Egyptian National Railways (ENR) network – Lower Egypt. Keywords: SRFLP, heuristics, meta–heuristics, time–space. Introduction Time space graph is one of the tools used to solve the time dependency of links of the transportation network. The link represents the trip has a certain time window which ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Case Report On Charge Facility Location Problem ESSAY Manning Wu June 2016 1 Uncapacitated п¬Ѓxed charge Facility Location problem Uncapacitated п¬Ѓxed charge Facility Location problem (UFL) aims to locate facilities in a network. This company's optimization problem decides the number of facilities to build and location to build facilities and how customers should be allocated to these facilities. The objective is to minimize cost, including both the cost of transporting goods from facilities to customers (consider both how many items and the distance) and the п¬Ѓxed cost of facilities. Uncapacitated п¬Ѓxed charge Facility Location problem is a modiп¬Ѓcation of P–median problem. The key diп¬Ђerences between this model and the P–median problem are (1) only UFL considers the п¬Ѓxed facility location costs; (2) there are not constraints on the number of located facilities in UFL. The BIP formulation is shown below: MINIMIZE X jв€€JX iв€€I FjYi + CijXij SUBJECT TO: X jв€€J Xij = 1 в€ Ђi в€€ I Xij ≤ Yi в€ Ђi в€€ I; j в€€ J Xij в€€{0,1}, j в€€ J, i в€€ I Yi в€€{0,1}, i в€€ I In the formulation, I refers to depots or facilities (1...m) that provide products to the customers, J refers to centers (1...n) where customers get their products. Fi refers to the п¬Ѓxed cost of operating depots i. dj refers to the demand of purchasing center j. cij refers to the cost of assigning purchasing 1 center j to depots i. Yi and Xij are two binary integer variables. Yi Yi в€€{0,1} represents the decision of whether to actually locate a facility at i в€€ I.AndXij represents the decision of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. David Mcraney You Are Not So Smart Analysis PSYC–101–62670 Lisbeth Moran There are 3 different types of Heuristics. I decided to write about the Availability Heuristic. In the book, You Are Not So Smart by, David McRaney he explains how the availability heuristic is making a choice based on an immediate and easy example that comes to mind when evaluating a decision. Usually, this happens when you hear something from a friend or family member and immediately assume it is true without gathering any information, and just stop or continue whatever the problem was. When I was younger, I would always want dark hair. My mom at that time would not let me dye my hair. I remembered my aunt telling me that coffee was a good way to get darker hair. I quickly gathered all the materials and hid ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Does College Matter Does College Matter in HRM? Dennis Keritsis Imagine a man dressed up in a three thousand dollar business suit by Zegna, a pair of black polished men's oxford dress shoes, and cleanly shaven. He is walking into an bleak empty interview room. Oddly, instead of seeing a panel of interviewers, he is given a laptop and told to write a computer program. This person was me. Taking the day off work, I drove up to Atlanta for a job interview for a software engineering position. Nearing my graduation in the Mercer MBA program, I am trying to take my career to the next level and find a better job. As I advanced in my career, I am starting to question how much of a competitive edge does as degree give. The whole interview was the programming project. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The videos in Mr. University note that there is a pay differential for the different types of degrees out there with Engineering taking the top spots and Art history and other humanities at the bottom. If college didn't provide students with valuable skills, why is there a pay differential? Looking at Art History yearly salaries and comparing these to individual who have no college education, there is only a slightly higher pay for Art History graduates. This might be the Sheepskin effects which are practically negligible. Engineering graduates earn up to 60,000 (I have heard at most 140,000 starting off) starting off. Engineers take a completely different set of courses from Humanities majors with a minimal amount of electives. This means that the skills that engineers are developing are needed for the job market. In the vein of Adam Smith's economic theory, engineering taking a narrow set of math,science, and engineering courses is representative of the division of labor needed in a capitalistic market. If individuals are to command higher salaries, the skills are to be narrowed such that all individuals in a society are to perform work in module roles. The engineering curriculums being narrowed in this way does not seem to be coincidental. Lastly, it is worth noting that engineers make more than other professions and if other ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Three Heuristics Paper Decision Making and Three Heuristics Decision making is a process that involves an individual to make a choice between multiple options available. In an often subconscious effort to facilitate that choice, a person may use heuristics. Heuristics are general strategies to arrive at a correct conclusion (Matlin, 2013). They have been described as "mental shortcuts" to make decisions rapidly. These are adaptive, based on one's past experiences, and often instantaneous tools one uses to produce what is hoped to be the best outcome when faced with a choice. Three of the most commonly used heuristics in the decision making process are the representative heuristic, the availability heuristic, and the anchoring and adjustment heuristic. While these... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Things stored in recent memory are more easily accessed, or available for recall, which may cause one to judge events as more probable than they are in reality. Familiarity can also diminish correct results (Kahneman, 2011 as cited in Matlin, 2013). The recognition heuristic is an example of the availability heuristic that happens when one compares the relative frequency of two categories, but recognizes only one of the two, and estimates that to be the higher frequency. The term illusionary correlation comes from believing two variables are statistically related, even when lacking evidence of such. The availability heuristic also can contribute to stereotyping. The social cognition approach traces stereotyping to normal cognitive processes (Reber, 2004, Risen et al., 2007, as cited by Matlin., 2013). An example of an individual using the availability heuristic would be a person who has an upcoming trip planned, and after having watched multiple news reports of plane crashes, decides to take a train instead. The individual would be basing the decision not to fly on the recency and frequency of crash reports, erroneously deducing it is unsafe to fly. The individual would be successful, however in that there is very low likelihood of dying in a plane crash while aboard a ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. Representative Heuristics There are four different rules of heuristics in social psychology – representative heuristics, availability heuristics, anchoring and adjustment heuristics, and finally status quo heuristics. Often people employ heuristics to come to conclusions about a topic rather quickly than sitting and taking their time to go through the standard notions of problem– solving to finally make a decision. A heuristic is a judgement that may conclude in a probable answer, but may not always be the exact answer overall, or could be the wrong answer altogether. They do not take into account the base– rate of an event. A base– rate can be defined as the actual calculated number of events that happen in the total population being referenced. A representative heuristic... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Often, these people will recall past instances of achieving the right paths to choose, but fail to acknowledge fully that they made mistakes in the past or even can be susceptible to taking the wrong path when making decisions. The optimistic person could also decide to take a path or project, thinking confidently that they will always reach their destination, but fail to realize that issues may pop up along the way, in reality consequently setting them up to not reaching the optimum deadline or goal. Overall, it is very imperative to consider all of your options and possible consequences when making a decision. Utilizing heuristics can point you to the right path of weighing those options, however not thinking rationally to begin with is bound to set anyone up for undesired ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Complexity And Algorithms That Can Take An Impossible... Complexity and Tractability The area of tractability explores problems and algorithms that can take an impossible amount of computation to solve. Tractable problems can be roughly defined as problems that can be solved in a reasonable amount of time, while intractable problems are those which take too long to solve to be useful. Finding solutions to these problems is a key problem in computer science today and has been for many years. It is also important for a computer scientist to recognise intractable problems as it would be a huge waste of time trying to write a program to an intractable problem. It would be better to recognise this and take a different more suitable approach that would save time and effort but also would come up with a valid solution. However there are advantages to making a problem intractable though as when securing things using intractable codes which cannot be hacked into easily. Complexity can be simply defined as a rough estimation of amount of time it takes a particular algorithm to solve a problem. This is not only measured in time but can be expressed as the number of steps taken in order to solve a problem. It is important to be able to measure the complexity of a problem as this can help to indicate how good/effective an algorithm will be and whether it is tractable or not.One of the most popular intractable problems that has been found is the Traveling Salesman problem. This problem represents a salesman who wants to find the shortest ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. What Representativeness Heuristic Is Inappropriately... I remember and incident that the representativeness heuristic was inappropriately applied in judging me. I was playing pickup basketball while visiting family away from my home state of Kentucky at the time, and I was wearing a University of Kentucky tee–shirt. As I walked up a team was forming and one of the players looked at me and said, "I'll take the guy from Kentucky", presumably basing his decision on the popularity of the sport in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. As play progressed, my lack of excellence in the game demonstrated clearly that fandom and stardom work quite independently of one another. I have made inappropriate judgments based on availability heuristic many times over the years. I can recall one case in particular from my childhood during the early days of AIDS coming into public view. Around the age of 10, I remember watching a particularly disturbing news report on AIDS, and although the details of the report are lost to me now, at the time they were fighting. I had a very limited understanding of the disease and how it was contracted, and coincidentally I woke up the next morning not feeling well, convinced that I somehow had been infected with the dreaded disease. Given the discussion on adolescence in our text, the standards for adult activities do somewhat coincide with what we know about human development (Cacioppo & Fregberg, 2013 ). Limiting access to many activities based on age is advisable considering the cognitive development of adolescents ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. Selection Of Suitable Evaluation Function Based On Win... Selection of Suitable Evaluation Function Based on Win Parameter in Othello Priyanka srivastava Smita rani prajapati Umlesh yadav Kankan das pri1991s@gmail.com smitaranipnb@gmail.com umleshyadav2012@gmail.com shan.das34@gmail.com Department of Department of Department of Department of computer Science & computer science & computer science & computer science & Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering ABSTRACT–––Computer games have made their presence vocal by making themselves present in the home .This paper discusses on of the board games: Othello. The game of Othello has proved its prominence by being an active research area since long time now and has been successful to grab extensive focus of researchers, knowledge engineers and game developers. its execution time and complexity is good .it is an appropriate choice to be considered as a benchmark in the games development .In this paper we have compared different available strategies at length. Keyword–Compute Othello, evaluation function ,neural network tools, search ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. Evaluation Of Unit Commitment ( Uc ) Problem Introduction Unit Commitment (UC) problem is a procedure for finding economical schedule with respect to generator commitment/de–commitment condition with transmission and voltage constraints. It is a difficult combinatorial optimization mixed integer programming problem that involves a large number of binary (0–1) type variables that denotes up/down status of the units and continuous variables expressing generation output. To solve the Unit Commitment problem various optimization techniques have been applied, such as the dynamic programming(DP) approach, the Lagrangian Relaxation(LR) method, the branch and bound method, the Genetic Algorithm(GA) method, exhaustive enumeration, integer and mixed integer programming. In this paper we ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This set is passed to OPF again to check for feasibility and if it is impossible to improve the solution with those rules then the process stops. The best candidate is selected as a solution after the process is repeated for a specified number of times. The paper which we are referring [1] indicates that the solution obtained by heuristic method is better than that of LR and GA and the time taken to produce the solution is significantly less than those two method. Voltage, reactive power and transmission constraints are usually not considered while solving the Unit Commitment problem. But, in this paper we have proposed a solution of unit commitment considering all the above mentioned constraints based on heuristic method and optimal power flow (OPF). Mathematical Model Objective Function: Minimization of the total cost making an allowance for all the system constraints is the objective of unit commitment. It is denoted by, min_(P_i^t гЂ–,UгЂ—_i^t ) C(P_i^t U_i^t ) The objective function thus is, min_(P_i^t гЂ–,UгЂ—_i^t ) C(P_i^t U_i^t )=min_(P_i^t.U_i^t ) [ ∑_(t=1)^Tв –’〖∑_(i=1)^Nв –’гЂ–{FC_i (P_i^t ).(U_i^t)гЂ—+ST_i.U_i^t.(1–U_i^(t–1))гЂ—
  • 30. Total fuel cost is the function of the generator output. It depends on unit heat rate and fuel price information. For practical purpose quadratic expression is used. гЂ–FCгЂ—_i (P_i^t) = a_i2 гЂ–гЂ–(PгЂ—_i^t)гЂ—^2 + a_i1 P_i^t + a_i0 The start–up cost is related to the features of the thermal system and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. We use Barry Center crossing reduction heuristics. This is... We use Barry Center crossing reduction heuristics. This is a two layer crossing reduction process. It is applied from top to bottom layer then bottom to top, this completes one iteration. Assign artificial positions to first layer and calculate barry center weights of nodes at second layer. Reorder the nodes at second layer in ascending order of their barycenter weights. The above equation is for top–down sweeps of the layered graph. Similarly use Successors of v in bottom–up sweeps in the above equation. This process might not remove all edge crossings but gives a good starting point for further Subgraph Crossing Reduction process. 4.2Subgraph Crossing Reduction Global crossing reduction reduces some crossings but can reorder the nodes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A topological traversal of subgraph ordering graph gives ordering О±o denoting which subgraph is left of other subgraph. 5.POSITIONING The edge crossings are reduced and nodes are placed according to their subgraphs at each layer. Now we need to calculate absolute positions for graph nodes such that there will be enough space to draw subgraph boundaries. To draw subgraph vertical boundaries straight we add trail of dummy vertical nodes one to the left and one to the right side of each layer in every subgraph. The goal is to position the long edges as straight as possible and vertical borders of subgraph strictly vertical without reordering the nodes at any layer. We present a heuristic approach based on Brandes[] approach. The nodes have different height and width. There should be no overlap between any two nodes and node and subgraph boundary. The process consists of three steps. The first and second steps are carried out four times. The first algorithm referred as vertical alignment, to align nodes with its either median upper or median lower neighbor node. This will give maximum possible straight long edges positions in upward and downward direction. The alignment conflicts are resolved with leftmost and rightmost direction. Combination of the directions creates four alignments namely Upward–Left, Upward–Right, Downward–Left and Downward–Right. In second step each alignment is given absolute positions according to four alignments. In last step these alignments ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Can You Image A Life With Hearing Music? Could you image a life with hearing music? In today's society it is impossible to go somewhere and not hear music playing in the background or as the center entertainment. Whether it be while you are shopping for food or at the dentist, it is very likely that you will hear music. In many places it is put there as a way to persuade people, to uplift them. However, the persuasive message I will be discussion is the ads that come on music apps, mostly on Spotify. To some they are simple just a music app, but if you listen closely you will hear that you are being persuaded to upgrade that music app. When a product is used in your everyday life it is easy to give in, but it helps if that persuasive message has certain qualities, such as; context, stickiness, models, and the goals from the individual can all make a difference. When I hear this certain ad I always picture a party, because that is something I picture from the noises in the ad. I heard this ad about half a year ago and I hear it on a weekly basis now. I listen to Spotify every day and it has been that way for over a year. I am able to listen to Spotify for free, with the exception of ads and no skipping. The one thing I refuse to do was to pay for music I can listen to for free. Usually the ads are promoting the upgrade. This ad that I keep refereeing to, starts off with a few people talking. After a couple seconds the music, in the ad, starts up and everyone starts having a great time and people are talking. A ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Symbolic Convergence Theory Of Public Health Convergence Theory Communication provides sustainable information to everyone throughout the world, whether it is through signs, pictures, objects or just simply words. Symbolic Convergence Theory (SCT), simply known as Convergence Theory, accentuates the importance of mutual agreement, mutualunderstanding and information sharing through various groups and community's actions that will ultimately bring social change for the better of Earth and its' community (Figueroa, Kincaid, Rani, and Lewis, 2002, p. 4). The purpose of this theory in the field of public health is to explain the general tendencies of humans in a "crowd" situation so that studiers may obtain a clear understanding of why and how individuals allow themselves to act and behave ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Because this theory obtains the criteria of the Evolution Theory, the primary strengths for theConvergence Theory clearly are: scope, appropriateness, heuristic value, validity, parsimony and openness. With these six components one can understand how this makes the convergence theory a "good" theory. In addition, the weakness for this theory is as simple as this: because almost all decisions of the Convergence Theory happen to be subconscious decisions, criticism can occur even though the individuals are not aware of it. With this, the influential aspect of this theory can be highly limited due to the notion that this theory just happens without anyone being consciously ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Production Strategy Essay 2.2 Strategic decision of production strategy (Barton), 2013 developed a suitable production method for a gathering of items with request and conjecture data for a restricted skyline by utilizing a Genetic Algorithm (GA). They did computational analyses for an improved model for a semiconductor supply chain. Their heuristic model has a decent outcome than other straightforward dividing heuristics in view of item qualities. The supply chain of a simplified semiconductor was considered with different products. The results of the GA are compared with results obtained by other methods. There are two major factors to make the decision about production strategy. The first is the production lead time to arrange lead time proportion, while the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... He made the decision for MTS or MTO for each item with a model using a zero–one variable. The minimizing of inventory cost of MTS things while guaranteeing that requests for the satisfied MTO items are the objective. It was a hard mixed–integer nonlinear program, a heuristic solution procedure was presented with and without congestion effects to ensure that MTO system may be bring down cost yet had a higher inconstancy. Some computational study was made to estimate the heuristic performance relative to the lower bound and found that the decision depended not only on the items demand but also on its unit holding cost, its time of processing and setup time. An item with higher per–unit holding cost are more such to be MTO and items with higher setup times are more such to be MTS. (KГ¶ber & Heinecke), 2012 used the data from the global manufacturer of agricultural supply chain to make their case study. It was based on the model of (Olhager, 2003). Usually, products with a lower relative demand variation correlate with a higher volume of demand. And the lower volume of demand products have a have relative high volatile demand. Thus the production strategy may be a MTO or hybrid strategy, where every production order starts when a consumer order. They defined the hybrid strategy of production which is composed the three phases. In the first phase the products are grouped into the two strategies (MTO ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Production Strategy Essay 2.2 Strategic decision for production strategy (Barton), 2013 developed a suitable production method for a gathering of items with a request and conjecture data for a restricted skyline by utilizing a Genetic Algorithm (GA). They did computational analyses for an improved model for a semiconductor supply chain. Their heuristic model has a decent outcome than other straightforward dividing heuristics in view of item qualifies. The supply chain of a simplified semiconductor was considered with different products. The results of the GA are compared with results obtained by other methods. There are two major factors to make the decision about production strategy. The first is the production lead time to delivery lead time proportion, while the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... He made the decision for MTS or MTO for each item with a model using a zero–one variable. The minimizing of inventory cost of MTS things while guaranteeing that requests for the satisfied MTO items are the objective. It was a hard mixed–integer nonlinear program, a heuristic solution procedure was presented with and without congestion effects to ensure that MTO system may be consumer down cost yet had a higher inconstancy. Some computational study was made to estimate the heuristic performance relative to the lower bound and found that the decision depended not only on the items demand but also on its unit holding cost, its time of processing and setup time. An item with higher per–unit holding cost are more such to be MTO and items with higher setup times are more such to be MTS. (KГ¶ber & Heinecke), 2012 used the data from the global manufacturer of agricultural supply chain to make their case study. It was based on the model of (Olhager, 2003). Usually, products with a lower relative demand variation correlate with a higher volume of demand. And the lower volume of demand products have a have relative high volatile demand. Thus the production strategy may be a MTO or hybrid strategy, where every production order starts when a consumer order. They defined the hybrid strategy of production which is composed the three phases. In the first phase the products are grouped into the ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. Airline Cost Analysis Paper Topic 1: A Simulation Approach to Airline Cost Benefit Analysis Introduction: The current increase in fuel price gives impact on airlines all over the world. This lead to bankruptcies, reduction in flight amount, service and operation among airlines globally. Fuel and crew are the two major component in airlines and drives the operating cost. Problem statement: Just a one percent increase in jet fuel prices, translates to $530 million for the US airline industry. Due to up in jet fuel an airlines initiated a study with Aeronautical University to handle a feasibility study purposed at utilizing Towbarless Towing Vehicles to lift aircraft to and from the terminal to airline's maintenance hangar facility. Objective: To Considering the high purchasing cost of the supertugs . To evaluate economic justifications for purchasing supertugs. To Calculate the payback period of the investment To Calculate how many of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... The cheapest and effective way of reduce customer waiting time is by managing restaurant table capacity. This includes management of when the seats are assigned and how the server handles the station as well. Problem statement: Long waiting time restaurants is the major course of customer dissatisfaction. By rearranging the setting of restaurant tables, restaurant staffs can reduce customer waiting times and provide prompt service. To address these research questions, a simulation model was developed that incorporated "uncertain demand" and the "spatial priority" of table assignments.
  • 37. Objective: To examined whether restaurant table assignment policies help to improve system performance by specifically focusing on how to assign an incoming party a table location. To find ways to combine tables to reduce customer waiting time. Method: MATLAB simulation were used to create restaurant simulation ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. What Are Representative Heuristics Representative Heuristics is used in making judgments under uncertainty. In making judgments, people usually pay attention to the similarity between such event and a standard process. In one example, when I had severe pain and had ulcers in my stomach, everybody in the family asked me about whether I had experienced stress and worries over my life. Everybody was concerned that I was young and had started worrying about life to the point of developing ulcers. In so doing, they referred to a similar case in the neighborhood where severe mental stress had resulted in severe ulcers. Yet, the ulcers were caused by a certain bacterial infection in my stomach. It was successfully treated and I regained myhealth. In representative heuristics, ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. Jakob Neilson's 2nd Heuristic Jakob Neilson's 2nd Heuristic The Jakob Nielson's 2nd heuristic is the match between system and the real world. The system should speak the user's language, with words, phrases, and concepts for users, rather than system–oriented terms. Follow real world conventions, making information appear in a natural and logical order (Nielson, 1995). The paper we will introduce three interactive items correlating between the system and the real world. Applying Neilson's 2nd heuristic with the three interactive items will assist the user with the understanding of the language, vocabulary, and concepts that the user can apply to real world. In addition, the users can apply this to real events in order to interact with the system itself iPAD and the AppleMAC OS and Jakob Nielsen's 2nd heuristic I possess an iPad mini that operates off the Apple Macintosh Operating System OS to. The Apple MAC OS are series of graphical user interface (UI) based operating systems developed by Apple Incorporated for their Macintosh computer line systems. The innovative operating system was first introduced in 1984 and was referred to as the "System". Major revision was developed such as the "System 6" and "System 7". When Apple developed the 7.6, they renamed the "System" to the Mac OS which was as part of their Macintosh clone program in 1996. The Macintosh system software, is credited with having promoted the early graphical UI concept. Operating the Apple Mac OS can be intimidating and a challenged. ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 40. How Representativeness, Familiarity, And Social... Introduction The purpose of this written assignment is to examine and study how representativeness, familiarity, and social interactions are convoluted in the pronouncements of an investor, and how these comportments can lead to stock market bubbles. There will be three source materials provided to assist with this information, including excerpt from our weekly materials and the textbook, which includes chapters eight and nine. Representativeness The first source of information is from the stockmarketinvesting.com website, which discusses the assumptions that are related to representativeness in a few examples. The first example is with people, how we assume a person is good or bad based on a few qualities, and based on a quick ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This information combines the heuristics, which are simple rules used to make judgements, and representativeness, which is the extent to which an event is representative of its parent population. This amounts to the reliance on representativeness heuristic, which can be mistakenly used to erroneously magistrate something to seem more representative than it should be (Representativeness heuristic – Breaking Down Finance, n.d., para. 1–7). The main point I received from the source material in this particular case is that investors may tend to follow trends in the stock market. However, due to the representativeness heuristic instances, forecasting a future trend is much more difficult than following a current one. The success of following the current trend is also something to keep in mind because it takes diligence to be able to see what is actually a trend or a slight change in the sequence of events in the stock performance. Based on this information, I believe it is best for an investor to be able to take a step back upon evaluating a stock market trend or stock performance, and really look at what is changing/not changing, as far as the stock prices are concerned. This will be helpful in being able to withstand a loss or in contrary reaping the benefits of a stock purchase gain. The relation between the two sources so far have been that there can be random occurrences in the stock ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 41. Jason Swartwood Wisdom Wisdom is a bit of an elusive topic. There seems to be a general consensus of what counts as wisdom, however, when asked for a definition 'acting with regards to knowledge and understanding' is commonly used. While this definition is certainly workable, it does not go very deep into this vast concept. How exactly do knowledge and understanding interact to reach the level of wisdom? There is not a whole lot of work done analyzing the process of acting wisely. One such attempt is made by Jason Swartwood, who claims that wisdom can be thought of as an expert skill. He claims that wisdom is the same kind of epistemic achievement as expert decision–making. This approach to wisdom allows for interesting insight into this topic and can begin to look ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... One of the more pressing questions is the ability to identify wisdom. Identifying wisdom is something that is fairly common among people even without such in depth knowledge. Along the lines of identifying wisdom, how do heuristics play into this discussion? Heuristics are any sort of approach to solving a problem that is sufficient in achieving immediate goals. Typically when applied to games, they are approaches at playing in the most optimal fashion in the widest variety of scenarios. One of the great things about heuristics is that it is not always necessary for these heuristics to be developed by an individual and can be passed to people who may be very new to these situations or scenarios. Someone fairly new to the game of chess could be given a set of heuristics with which to play by such that they could fair very well in the tournament. There are a couple main components to the notion of heuristics, which could cause interesting cases under Swartwood's account for wisdom. This beginning chess player could very well appear to be acting wisely in this tournament, but would they actually acting wisely? The first aspect of heuristics is their ability to achieve short–term goals. Now the part of Swartwood's argument that this would focus on is the domain in which his argument is concerned and the ability to grasp success reasons to perform an ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...