This document summarizes threads and their types. It defines a thread as a separate flow of execution within a process. There are two types of threads: user level threads and kernel level threads. User level threads can be created and managed by the user, but if one is blocked the entire process is blocked. Kernel level threads are managed by the kernel more slowly, but if one is blocked others can still run. The document discusses advantages like efficiency and increased processor utilization, and disadvantages like blocking of parent threads stopping children. It concludes that threading is useful for high concurrency programming.

1. UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. MR. PRAKASH DEHURI (HOD)
DEPARTMENT OF MCA
PRESENTED BY BIKASH KHUNTIA
1ST YEAR,MCA
ARYAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,BBSR

2. CONTENT :
 INTRODUCTION
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PROCESS AND THREADS.
 TYPES OF THREADS.
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THREADS.
 CONCLUSION

3. What is Thread ?
 Thread can be defined as separate flow of execution where a
process is divided into number of threads.
 A thread is also called a light weight process.
 For example if you play a game at the same time you can
download a video is means two processes executed
simultaneously.
 Each thread belongs to exactly one process and no thread can
exist outside a process.

4. Single-threaded process and Multi-threaded process :

6. TYPES OF THREADS :
Threads are implemented in following two way:
User Level Threads (ULT)
Kernel Level Threads (KLT)

7. User Level Threads (ULT):
 This thread can be created and managed by the
user ,the user create and manage the process and
sub process very fast.
 User level thread is generic, generic means
general and it runs all types of operating system.
 In this thread if one sub process in a process is
blocked then the entire process is blocked.

8. Kernel Level Threads (KLT):
 kernel level thread can be created and
manage the process and sub process very
slowly.
 Kernel level thread is specific it means it
cannot run all types of operating system.
 In kernel level thread if one thread in a
process is blocked then another sub
process can be scheduled for execution.

9. Advantages of Threads :
 it is very efficient for communication between
processes.
 It is very economical to use.
 It increases the utilization of multiprocessor.
 it provides introduction with a process.

10. Disadvantages of Threads:
 Blocking of parent threads will stop all child thread.
 Security.

11. CONCLUSION
 Thread package was fixed to support “scalable”
high concurrency internet servers.
 Threading model is more useful for high
concurrency programming.

12. THANK YOU