This week our forum looks at the foundations of where we learn to become parents. Please answer both parts within your initial posting. Remember to review grading feedback from previous week to improve your discussion this week. Follow the rubric when you develop your posting.
As for all forum questions, please use the forum question to guide your discussion and write your post in a paragraph(s) format. You do not want to repost the question and then insert your answer. Using references to support your work is important that correct APA format uses in-text citations.
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
1. We learn parenting skills from many places. Perhaps our biggest influence on our attitude towards parenting is from our parents and how we were raised. We also are influenced by media, science, religion, and other sources. In your observation, how have any of these sources influenced parenting, in general, today
2. Pick a theory from this list (Erikson’s Lifespan Theory of Development, Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory of Development, Jean Piaget’s Constructivist Theory, or Socio-Culture Theory of Lev Vygotsky) and apply it to either how you were raised or how you will (would) raise your own children?
Initial posts are due by 11:59 PM on Wednesday
2 Reply posts are due by 11:59 PM on Sunday
https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/education-common/Universal/CHFD/331/elf/lesson-2/elf_index.html
As we learnt in Lesson 1, a parent’s own childhood and parenting experiences influence their parenting approach. In fact, when surveyed, over half of all parents admitted that their parenting style is greatly affected by the way they were parented themselves (Lerner & Ciervo, 2010). However, 30 percent of surveyed parents indicated that the way they were parented had a moderate impact on the personal parenting style. Although that amounts to just over 80 percent of surveyed parents, parents also have media, historical patterns, and scientific research to inform their parenting style. This lesson will first examine the influences on parental style and then will explore the many different theories that exist (and have historically evolved) regarding parenting.
Topics to be covered include:
· Influences on parenting style
· Theories on parenting style
· Theories on children’s growth and development
CONTINUE
Influences on Parental Style Besides Upbringing
· MEDIA
·
HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS
Media resources are a significant source of information for parents. Increased access to and the speed of technology has put a wide range of information within close reach of many parents—especially ones who have disposable incomes that permit internet access. Parents can easily look up parenting websites that can advise on topics such as developmental stages, how to soothe sick babies, and when to call the doctor. Websites can also highlight issues in parenting and childcare and encourage debates that make parents think.
Social me ...
Overdependence on Digital Technology by ChildrenNele Rieve
This document discusses overdependence on digital technology by children under age 12 and proposes an intervention called QT to promote healthy media consumption. It provides background on increasing technology access and usage among young children. While technology offers benefits, excessive early use is linked to physical, psychological, and developmental issues. The automatic thinking encouraged by fast-paced media disrupts concentration and comprehension. Parents are uncertain about risks due to limited experience but see educational benefits, and moderate usage through rules but struggle with implementation due to their own tech habits. The proposed QT intervention aims to inform parents to improve children's health, development, learning, and social skills.
Business Plan for a Healthcare OrganizationTwo main tasks.docxhumphrieskalyn
Business Plan for a Healthcare Organization
Two main tasks:
The first task is: Source of Revenue: An Increase in the Medicare Patient Population
The president of Gentiva Health Services is considering increasing her number of Medicare patients served next year. However, to do so she must begin to use RNs for client visits, which Medicare reimburses at $45 per visit. An RN costs $35 per hour versus the current cost of $15 for an LPN or nurse’s aide. The president believes she can increase her patient visits by 15% by accepting Medicare patients. She is also aware that if she increases her Medicare patients, the company’s administrative costs will increase by approximately $10,000 per year because of the claims file complexity.
Using the Gentiva Health Services Statement of Income http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm, use the following volumes for your calculations:
Volume for the year:
· Flexible budget: 6,000 visits
· Static budget: 5,945 visits
· Actual budget: 5,889 visits
Prepare a two-page report that addresses the following:
1 How many more visits will the company generate if it accepts Medicare patients?
2 What would be the estimated profit or loss associated with the Medicare service line?
3 Would you recommend that Gentiva Health Services increase its number of Medicare patients served? Why or why not?
The second task is: Business Plan
Review the quarterly report and develop a business plan for the organization for its upcoming financial year. Be sure to include the following in your organized business plan:
· Organization segment
· Marketing segment
· Financial segment
· Projected cash flow statement
· Projected income statement
· Projected balance sheet
Feel free to take liberties with information needed that is not available in the report.
You may find the quarterly report at http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm Include all required tasks for this assignment in a Word document.
Surname 7
How technology affects children
Student Name:
Professor’s name:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Technology has been so close to the children in this century than any other time in the past. Thus, it is influencing them negatively and positively. The world is moving in a technology path and it is the responsibility the parent to ensure that children too are not in behind by ensuring that they have the right environment that will help them grow technological . However, the information the children learn can be good or bad to them and it depends on the internet and the sources they get the information. Therefore, it is upto the responsibility of the parent to determine the kind of information that their children get. Too much exposure to internet will allow them get the kind of information that can harm their psychology. In addition, when they remain and take much time watching television ...
Presentation by Dr Jan Macvarish, entitled The Uses and Abuses of Biology: Neuroscience, Parenting and British Family Policy, given to the conference of the same name on Friday 28 March 2014, Birkbeck, London University. The conference was organised by the Centre for Parenting Culture Studies, the University of Kent.
Media & Learning What Parents Should Know!By Yongping YeHomAbramMartino96
This webpage provides information and resources for parents and teachers on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted education. It discusses the science behind how stressful situations can negatively impact children's learning and development. It also explores developmental theories from Bronfenbrenner and Bjorklund that help explain the effects of the pandemic. The webpage recommends activities for engaging with children remotely and maintaining their well-being during this time. It aims to help audiences understand the educational challenges of the pandemic and find ways to support children's learning from a developmental perspective.
Should Children Be Allowed to Use Phones and Social MediaWha.docxedgar6wallace88877
Should Children Be Allowed to Use Phones and Social Media?
What happens when a dry sponge meets water? It will absorb as much water as possible. Sometimes, one could compare children with a sponge because of their tendency to imitate the behavior of people around them or get information from the internet and incorporate what they see into their lives. Due to the rapid development of the technological age, information on social media and the internet is diverse. Over the years, there has been a significant increase in the number of children using mobile phones and social media. The data given by Jacqueline Howard in the article “What's the Age When Kids Start Social Media?” reflects the large number of children who own mobile phones and use social media: The report showed that approximately 56% of the children had their own social media accounts, based on the parents’ survey responses. Among those children, the parents reported that the average age when initially signing up for the account was 12.6 years” (Howard). Considering these facts, parents have a reason to start worrying about their children's use of technology and social media. The topic of whether or not children should use mobile phones and social media has not only attracted the attention of many parents and experts, but also generated diverse opinions. On the one hand, proponents believe that children need to use social media to enable them learn basic social and technical skills, to make friends with people around the world more easily, and to learn from their peers online. On the other hand, opponents believe that it would have a bad effect on children's mental health. In some instances, cases such as cyber bullying could occur in children may not know how to respond to such issues. In extreme cases, increase use of phones and social could affect some children to an extent that they find it challenging to communicate well in real life. While there are a number of pros and cons associated with using mobile phones and social media, parental guidance is an appropriate strategy to address the cons.
Those who agree that children can use mobile phones and social media defend their position on the basis that children can easily understand the latest technology and learn basic social skills. In addition, the internet can broaden their horizons, help the children know current affairs, and provide them with an opportunity to obtain all sorts of newest knowledge and information. In later life, these children can engage in individual research. Using the Internet, children also get a chance to enrich their minds and acquire knowledge that schoolteachers are not in a position to offer. In addition, they can use social media to communicate with others. Some children lack confidence and dare not talk and communicate with the outside world. With the availability of the internet, these kids could easily overcome this psychological barrier and eventually broaden their horizon in the process of t.
Colleagues Responses
Colleagues responses
Assignment 4 8080 Part 2
. Interact with 3 colleagues and respond to them by sharing additional insights, comparing experiences, and posing questions that further promote dialogue. (Post to each colleague in 150 words.)
Colleague 1 response:
Posted by DeQuanda Cummings
Optimizing Brain Development
The first few years of a child’s life are critical for healthy brain development. Brain development begins during the prenatal period and continues through early childhood. Although the brain continues to develop into adulthood, the first eight years builds the foundation for learning and success (CDC, 2021). Brain development depends on many factors such as, prenatal care, experiences, and exposures to toxins and infections. “Nurturing and responsive care for the child’s body and mind is the key to supporting healthy brain development” (CDC, 2021). Positive and negative experiences help shape a child’s brain.
How the brain grows is highly affected by the child’/ s experiences with people and the world. Children depend on interactions with parents and their caregivers to be responsive to their needs. Children thrive in environments where they can explore and play in a safe environment. Their needs ought to be met and not neglected. They do not need to be exposed to stress. As a parent and/or caregiver to support healthy brain development you can constantly talk to the child, read to your child, meet their needs, and offer them a safe place to explore and play. Speaking and reading to children increase their language and communication skills. “Nurturing a child by understanding their needs and responding sensitively helps to protect children’s brains from stress” (CDC, 2021). Exposure to stress can negatively affect brain development. When children are at risk, it can cause them a delay in accomplishing developmental milestones. They will distrust people if their needs are not constantly being met.
This topic is important to me because in the school that I work at we have a high population of students who needs are not being met. When they get into the classroom, before I can teach them anything I have to meet their needs whether it be feeding them or giving them extra attention. I have even gone as far to buy clothes and shoes for students. This affected the students’ learning. They were usually the ones that were below grade level in the classroom. When having conversations with the parents, they want better for their children but did have the resources or just did not know.
I will need support from pediatricians, early childhood educators, and counselors to help inform parents and caregivers about the importance of brain development and optimizing brain development.
Reference
CDC. (2021, February 22). Early Brain Development and Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdeve ...
The document summarizes 8 key things to remember about child development:
1) Even infants and young children are negatively affected by significant family stresses and adversity. Adverse early experiences can disrupt brain development and increase health risks.
2) Development is highly interactive - both genes and the environment shape development, and early experiences can alter gene expression.
3) While parents are primary, relationships with other caregivers can also benefit young children's social-emotional development if care is consistent and high-quality.
4) Brain architecture is largely shaped in the first 3 years, but development continues into adulthood, so opportunities exist beyond age 3 to mitigate early impacts.
4080 Current Events and Child Development Paper.docxAliBullock1
The coronavirus pandemic has impacted the development of children ages 5-9 in several key ways:
1) Daily life changed dramatically with school closures, lack of socialization, and mandated social distancing and masks. This disrupted their physical, social, and learning environments.
2) Brain development may have been hindered by the loss of in-person learning support and increased stress at home. Emotional development also suffered without peer socialization opportunities.
3) Physical health declined for some as access to nutritious meals decreased and sedentary behaviors increased while stuck at home.
Overdependence on Digital Technology by ChildrenNele Rieve
This document discusses overdependence on digital technology by children under age 12 and proposes an intervention called QT to promote healthy media consumption. It provides background on increasing technology access and usage among young children. While technology offers benefits, excessive early use is linked to physical, psychological, and developmental issues. The automatic thinking encouraged by fast-paced media disrupts concentration and comprehension. Parents are uncertain about risks due to limited experience but see educational benefits, and moderate usage through rules but struggle with implementation due to their own tech habits. The proposed QT intervention aims to inform parents to improve children's health, development, learning, and social skills.
Business Plan for a Healthcare OrganizationTwo main tasks.docxhumphrieskalyn
Business Plan for a Healthcare Organization
Two main tasks:
The first task is: Source of Revenue: An Increase in the Medicare Patient Population
The president of Gentiva Health Services is considering increasing her number of Medicare patients served next year. However, to do so she must begin to use RNs for client visits, which Medicare reimburses at $45 per visit. An RN costs $35 per hour versus the current cost of $15 for an LPN or nurse’s aide. The president believes she can increase her patient visits by 15% by accepting Medicare patients. She is also aware that if she increases her Medicare patients, the company’s administrative costs will increase by approximately $10,000 per year because of the claims file complexity.
Using the Gentiva Health Services Statement of Income http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm, use the following volumes for your calculations:
Volume for the year:
· Flexible budget: 6,000 visits
· Static budget: 5,945 visits
· Actual budget: 5,889 visits
Prepare a two-page report that addresses the following:
1 How many more visits will the company generate if it accepts Medicare patients?
2 What would be the estimated profit or loss associated with the Medicare service line?
3 Would you recommend that Gentiva Health Services increase its number of Medicare patients served? Why or why not?
The second task is: Business Plan
Review the quarterly report and develop a business plan for the organization for its upcoming financial year. Be sure to include the following in your organized business plan:
· Organization segment
· Marketing segment
· Financial segment
· Projected cash flow statement
· Projected income statement
· Projected balance sheet
Feel free to take liberties with information needed that is not available in the report.
You may find the quarterly report at http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm Include all required tasks for this assignment in a Word document.
Surname 7
How technology affects children
Student Name:
Professor’s name:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Technology has been so close to the children in this century than any other time in the past. Thus, it is influencing them negatively and positively. The world is moving in a technology path and it is the responsibility the parent to ensure that children too are not in behind by ensuring that they have the right environment that will help them grow technological . However, the information the children learn can be good or bad to them and it depends on the internet and the sources they get the information. Therefore, it is upto the responsibility of the parent to determine the kind of information that their children get. Too much exposure to internet will allow them get the kind of information that can harm their psychology. In addition, when they remain and take much time watching television ...
Presentation by Dr Jan Macvarish, entitled The Uses and Abuses of Biology: Neuroscience, Parenting and British Family Policy, given to the conference of the same name on Friday 28 March 2014, Birkbeck, London University. The conference was organised by the Centre for Parenting Culture Studies, the University of Kent.
Media & Learning What Parents Should Know!By Yongping YeHomAbramMartino96
This webpage provides information and resources for parents and teachers on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted education. It discusses the science behind how stressful situations can negatively impact children's learning and development. It also explores developmental theories from Bronfenbrenner and Bjorklund that help explain the effects of the pandemic. The webpage recommends activities for engaging with children remotely and maintaining their well-being during this time. It aims to help audiences understand the educational challenges of the pandemic and find ways to support children's learning from a developmental perspective.
Should Children Be Allowed to Use Phones and Social MediaWha.docxedgar6wallace88877
Should Children Be Allowed to Use Phones and Social Media?
What happens when a dry sponge meets water? It will absorb as much water as possible. Sometimes, one could compare children with a sponge because of their tendency to imitate the behavior of people around them or get information from the internet and incorporate what they see into their lives. Due to the rapid development of the technological age, information on social media and the internet is diverse. Over the years, there has been a significant increase in the number of children using mobile phones and social media. The data given by Jacqueline Howard in the article “What's the Age When Kids Start Social Media?” reflects the large number of children who own mobile phones and use social media: The report showed that approximately 56% of the children had their own social media accounts, based on the parents’ survey responses. Among those children, the parents reported that the average age when initially signing up for the account was 12.6 years” (Howard). Considering these facts, parents have a reason to start worrying about their children's use of technology and social media. The topic of whether or not children should use mobile phones and social media has not only attracted the attention of many parents and experts, but also generated diverse opinions. On the one hand, proponents believe that children need to use social media to enable them learn basic social and technical skills, to make friends with people around the world more easily, and to learn from their peers online. On the other hand, opponents believe that it would have a bad effect on children's mental health. In some instances, cases such as cyber bullying could occur in children may not know how to respond to such issues. In extreme cases, increase use of phones and social could affect some children to an extent that they find it challenging to communicate well in real life. While there are a number of pros and cons associated with using mobile phones and social media, parental guidance is an appropriate strategy to address the cons.
Those who agree that children can use mobile phones and social media defend their position on the basis that children can easily understand the latest technology and learn basic social skills. In addition, the internet can broaden their horizons, help the children know current affairs, and provide them with an opportunity to obtain all sorts of newest knowledge and information. In later life, these children can engage in individual research. Using the Internet, children also get a chance to enrich their minds and acquire knowledge that schoolteachers are not in a position to offer. In addition, they can use social media to communicate with others. Some children lack confidence and dare not talk and communicate with the outside world. With the availability of the internet, these kids could easily overcome this psychological barrier and eventually broaden their horizon in the process of t.
Colleagues Responses
Colleagues responses
Assignment 4 8080 Part 2
. Interact with 3 colleagues and respond to them by sharing additional insights, comparing experiences, and posing questions that further promote dialogue. (Post to each colleague in 150 words.)
Colleague 1 response:
Posted by DeQuanda Cummings
Optimizing Brain Development
The first few years of a child’s life are critical for healthy brain development. Brain development begins during the prenatal period and continues through early childhood. Although the brain continues to develop into adulthood, the first eight years builds the foundation for learning and success (CDC, 2021). Brain development depends on many factors such as, prenatal care, experiences, and exposures to toxins and infections. “Nurturing and responsive care for the child’s body and mind is the key to supporting healthy brain development” (CDC, 2021). Positive and negative experiences help shape a child’s brain.
How the brain grows is highly affected by the child’/ s experiences with people and the world. Children depend on interactions with parents and their caregivers to be responsive to their needs. Children thrive in environments where they can explore and play in a safe environment. Their needs ought to be met and not neglected. They do not need to be exposed to stress. As a parent and/or caregiver to support healthy brain development you can constantly talk to the child, read to your child, meet their needs, and offer them a safe place to explore and play. Speaking and reading to children increase their language and communication skills. “Nurturing a child by understanding their needs and responding sensitively helps to protect children’s brains from stress” (CDC, 2021). Exposure to stress can negatively affect brain development. When children are at risk, it can cause them a delay in accomplishing developmental milestones. They will distrust people if their needs are not constantly being met.
This topic is important to me because in the school that I work at we have a high population of students who needs are not being met. When they get into the classroom, before I can teach them anything I have to meet their needs whether it be feeding them or giving them extra attention. I have even gone as far to buy clothes and shoes for students. This affected the students’ learning. They were usually the ones that were below grade level in the classroom. When having conversations with the parents, they want better for their children but did have the resources or just did not know.
I will need support from pediatricians, early childhood educators, and counselors to help inform parents and caregivers about the importance of brain development and optimizing brain development.
Reference
CDC. (2021, February 22). Early Brain Development and Health. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdeve ...
The document summarizes 8 key things to remember about child development:
1) Even infants and young children are negatively affected by significant family stresses and adversity. Adverse early experiences can disrupt brain development and increase health risks.
2) Development is highly interactive - both genes and the environment shape development, and early experiences can alter gene expression.
3) While parents are primary, relationships with other caregivers can also benefit young children's social-emotional development if care is consistent and high-quality.
4) Brain architecture is largely shaped in the first 3 years, but development continues into adulthood, so opportunities exist beyond age 3 to mitigate early impacts.
4080 Current Events and Child Development Paper.docxAliBullock1
The coronavirus pandemic has impacted the development of children ages 5-9 in several key ways:
1) Daily life changed dramatically with school closures, lack of socialization, and mandated social distancing and masks. This disrupted their physical, social, and learning environments.
2) Brain development may have been hindered by the loss of in-person learning support and increased stress at home. Emotional development also suffered without peer socialization opportunities.
3) Physical health declined for some as access to nutritious meals decreased and sedentary behaviors increased while stuck at home.
Engaging families in the ecd story neuroscience and ecdDr Lendy Spires
The document summarizes recent neuroscience research on early brain development and the implications for parenting and early childhood development. Some key points:
1. The first five years of life are critical for brain development and have lasting effects on wellbeing, learning, behavior, and social development. Early experiences can enhance or diminish a child's potential.
2. Parenting practices like reading to children, using complex language, responsiveness and warmth have been shown to support better developmental outcomes.
3. While neuroscience provides insights, its findings need to be carefully interpreted to avoid oversimplification. Parenting alone cannot compensate for socioeconomic disadvantages facing some children.
A Course-Based Qualitative Inquiry into the Potential Impact of the Bachelor ...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a qualitative study that explored how Bachelor of Child and Youth Care students may be influenced by their educational program and apply what they've learned to their own future parenting styles. The study analyzed responses from 15 students through open-ended surveys. Four major themes emerged: 1) a desire to adopt an authoritative parenting style, unlike the authoritarian styles many experienced, 2) influence from specific courses and concepts around development, abuse, and substance use, 3) a better understanding of parenting theories, and 4) increased self-reflection abilities. The results suggest the CYC program significantly impacts not only graduates' professional skills but also their personal approaches to parenting.
8Associated PressConnecting With Families and Communiti.docxsleeperharwell
8Associated Press
Connecting With Families and Communities
Chapter Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter you should be able to
· Explain the bioecological theory of human development and its importance
· Discuss the importance of families as children’s first teachers
· Explain the importance of home–school partnerships
· Identify elements of the larger community that contribute to centers and schools and vice versa, as well as plan for your potential leadership roles as an early education professional
· Discuss ways in which teachers or caregivers can interact most effectively with a school’s or center’s community
Introduction: The Adults in Children’s Lives Introduction: The Adults in Children’s Lives
nteracting with young children in ways that are most beneficial is more than possessing good teaching techniques and affection for youngsters as individuals. It is important for teachers to realize that much of what children are comes from their family and cultural backgrounds, and that this fact determines, to great extent, their responses to what their teachers do and say.
I
In the education field, it is often regarded as a truism that parents are children’s first teachers. The intent of this statement is to convey the point of the parents being first sequentially, but also as first in importance. This reminder is a good one for teachers and caregivers to keep in mind, but it needs to go further, given the many models of family in today’s world. In this chapter we will discuss some of these models and how they impact what children bring to a center or to school.
Also of importance is the cultural community and its influence on young children. As one writer has powerfully stated, educators “must view each child and family within a framework that encompasses the entire political, social, economic, cultural, and spiritual experience that shapes the identity and behavior of the families and children with whom they work. The one-size-fits-all approach is a gross oversight . . .”(Prater, 2002, p. 150). So then, not only must teachers remember to place their children in a large and complex cultural context, but their families as well, and this chapter will discuss these issues.
There is another community that teachers and caregivers must learn to be skillful partners of,
As children’s first teachers, parents are responsible for what their children know upon entering school. How might different backgrounds impact what a young learner brings to a center or to school?
and it is visibly around them every day. It is the community of their own workplace. Collaboration, cooperation, skillful communication, and effective listening with colleagues are all important to professionalism. This chapter will provide specific suggestions for successfully negotiating
Artiga Photo/Corbis the workplace world.
The concept of an interdependency of home, school, center, school, community, and culture is a complex one that has been studied for more th.
Reference Summary Worksheet
Reference 1 – Cross-cultural reference
Citation in APA format (2 pts)
Houghton, S., Hunter, S. C., Rosenberg, M., Wood, L., Zadow, C., Martin, K.,
& Shilton, T. (2015). Virtually impossible: limiting Australian children
and adolescents daily screen based media use.
BMC Public Health
,
15
(1),
1. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-15-5
Key findings (6 pts)
In 2-3 paragraphs, summarize the main findings in your source.
The use of screen based media use (SBMU) has seen a steady increase over the years. Research conducted by American, Australian, and Canadian Health departments have cited concerns on the increasing use of SBMU in children, more specifically children under the age of two. It is recommended by many health professionals that children limit their exposure to SBMU to two hour or less per day. However, today this is proving more challenging as SBMU is not just on television, it is a part of schools, afterschool activities, and at each child’s fingertips with the advancements in smartphones.
Healthcare experts warnings about SBMU have not been heeded. To the contrary, children today, even after the recommendations have been put out, are using SBMU more then ever. For example, over a ten-year period SBMU data was collected on children and the findings showed in increase in screen viewing of all types from 3 hours and 45 minutes to 4 hours and 30 minutes. Other studies from the USA, UK, and Canada, show a similar trend regarding SBMU and children. All three countries have conducted research targeting the percentage of children who accede the two-hour SBMU recommended threshold. In all three countries the research clearly showed that over 50 percent of the children studied regularly used some form of screen-based media more then the recommended two hours.
How do you know that this is a credible/scholarly source? (2 pts)
I retrieved this article from the UMUC Library database searching scholarly articles. The authors and reference list is comprised of subject mater experts in a variety of fields related to this topic of discussion.
Reference 2 – Policy reference
Citation in APA format (2 pts)
Rowan, C. (2010). Unplug—Don’t drug: A critical look at the influence of
technology on child behavior with an alternative way of responding other
than evaluation and drugging.
Ethical Human Psychology And Psychiatry:
An
International Journal Of Critical Inquiry
,
12
(1), 60-68.
doi:10.1891/1559-4343.12.1.60
Key findings (6 pts)
In 2-3 paragraphs, summarize the main findings in your source.
Technology use by children has led to alarming statistics showing obesity and psychiatric disorders on the rise. Today, children’s distractions or medical conditions related to technology use are misdiagnosed and subsequently these children are overly medicated. There are many factors that contribute to kids obesity and psychological issues, but the major contributing factors are less one-on-one time with parents doing out.
1.1 Why a Family-Centered ApproachTraditionally, schools through.docxpaynetawnya
1.1 Why a Family-Centered Approach
Traditionally, schools throughout the world have been institutions in which teachers, social workers, and educational specialists are considered the sole source of knowledge, information, and expertise, and parents are expected to support and implement the advice of these experts. Until recently, in contrast with schools, early childhood care and education programs followed a parent-oriented approach in which parents assumed a more active role. Families got together to care for each other's children; sometimes the older women in a community cared for the young children, and mothers rotated care in mother's-day-out programs. One example of high-quality family-oriented child care in the United States can be found in the Kaiser Shipyards during WWII, where mothers worked in factories building ships. These programs provided family medical care and even meals for mothers to take home after their shift in the factory (Hurwitz, 1998). However, over the years, many early childhood programs became more like schools, expecting parents to listen passively to their advice and to help implement their programs (Keyser, 2006).
The development of a family-centered early care and education approach can be traced to the federal early childhood program Head Start. Formed in 1965 as part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty, Head Start was developed as a comprehensive program for low-income families with preschool-age children, with a focus on parent involvement and community collaboration (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2012). The architects of Head Start recognized the need to work in an equal partnership with families of low-income children (Greenberg, 1969). To this end, the program was designed with very specific roles and responsibilities for parents. Program Performance Standards outline overall standards to be met in each component area. These are critical quality indicators used to ensure the program meets the unique needs of the communities and families the program serves. Component areas that must meet these performance standards include specific requirements for parent activities, such as opportunities for parents to follow a career path to become teachers in the local program. Additionally, all local Head Start programs have a governing body, known as a policy council, which must include parents. This body has direct responsibilities in a variety of areas, including approval of hiring and firing of all staff, budget and program component approval, and overall program evaluation (HHS, 2012).
The design of local Head Start programs led more and more early childhood programs to consider a shared approach to power and control. Other early childhood models (such as Waldorf, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and local community-based programs) practice different degrees of the family-centered approach, depending on their unique philosophy, history, and ownership. With a family-centered approach ...
ECE 205 CHILD DEVELOPMENT WEEK ONE INSTRUCTOR GUIDANCE .docxaryan532920
ECE 205 CHILD DEVELOPMENT
WEEK ONE INSTRUCTOR GUIDANCE
Pat Yourself on the Back for starting
this course!
“When dealing with children there is greater need for observing than of probing.”
-Maria Montessori
Overview of the Learning Week
Welcome to ECE 205: Child Development. In this course you will become familiar with the influences on child
development by gaining a better understanding of why studying child development is important. You will be
discussing the major theorists and their theories, as well as identifying the developmental ages and stages
associated with each. In the Week One guidance, Chapters 1 and 3 will be examined.
Think about your chosen profession.
Are you familiar with the ages, stages, and milestones of child development?
Do you know how to work with children of all developing stages?
Do you understand developmentally appropriate practices in relation to a child’s age and
developmental stage?
http://www.dailymontessori.com/montessori-theory/
In your profession, you will help children, families, and colleagues better understand child development by
empowering them with ways to reach children at their developmental stage that will help with motor,
cognitive, communication, social-emotional, and self-help skills.
This week you will begin by examining your own personal beliefs about child development. You will be asked
to think back to when you were a child and remember things that contributed to your development. You will
also decide why understanding child development and the study of child development is important in your
chosen profession. Developmental theories will also be examined.
Instructor Expertise
You may be asking why the study of child development is so important. You, as someone working with
children, play a huge role and have a great impact on each child by providing appropriate experiences,
support, and direction child so they reach their optimum developmental level.
What is Child Development and Why Study It?
In 1976, Gene R. Medinnus determined in his Child Study and Observation Guide that there are four principal
reasons for studying children. They are:
1. Having a natural curiosity about human development
2. Needing assistance in guiding children’s development
3. Wanting to better predict behavior
4. Pursuing an interest in understanding one’s own actions. (Groark, McCarthy, & Kirk, 2014).
Because so many children each day are in some type of childcare center, early childhood classroom, or clinic, it
is vital that caregivers provide appropriate support. Professionals working with young children have the
opportunity to impact all aspects of child development while they are in contact with these children.
According to our course text, “it is essential to understand typical human development because that
understanding assists child caregivers in predicting how a child will learn and progress in developmenta ...
A Call for Research Exploring Social Media Influences on Mother's Child Feedi...Elizabeth (Lisa) Gardner
This document calls for research on how social media influences mothers' child feeding practices and childhood obesity risk. It suggests that mothers are uniquely important targets for social media interventions aimed at childhood obesity prevention due to their influence on children's eating behaviors and high engagement with social media. The document recommends exploring how mothers currently use social media to learn about child feeding, and the mechanisms through which social media impacts their practices. Understanding mothers' social media behaviors and needs related to child feeding could help develop effective social media interventions for obesity prevention.
This document outlines a capstone project for incorporating bioethics into a high school science classroom. It includes objectives such as having students work in groups to complete authentic tasks on various bioethical issues. Examples of projects described are having students take on roles related to the Tuskegee Syphilis study and complete a genetics counseling case study. Throughout the year, students would keep an ethics journal to reflect on science articles addressing ethical issues. The goal is for students to see science as a human endeavor subject to biases and personal values.
This document discusses Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development. It provides an overview of the key aspects of Bronfenbrenner's model, including the importance he placed on proximal processes and how the different systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem) interact and influence development. It also reviews some limitations of the theory, such as the lack of research on mesosystem interactions and challenges to empirical testing. The document concludes by noting how more recent work still finds links to Bronfenbrenner's ecological perspectives.
Media exposure and education of first to six grade children from slovenia p...Lazar Stosic
The family environment plays an important role in influencing the way that children use the media and the degree of their exposure to media, however the mediating role of parents in this process is not sufficiently understood. The present paper presents the results of a 2016 Slovenian national survey in which opinions of 2,825 parents concerning their children’s exposure to media were collected and analysed using the SPSS PSAW Statistic 18 software package. Our results show that exposure to media by children from the first to the sixth grade increases with age, that children of parents who are themselves heavy media users are more likely to be heavy users and that children who are heavy media users also receive lower test scores.
PosterPPT Presentation Rubric – Research Methods 2 PSY 535 .docxpauline234567
Poster/PPT Presentation Rubric – Research Methods 2 PSY 535
Poster/Slides Poor Excellent
Organization of Information (good outline) 1 2 3 4 5
Ideas are clearly stated and understood 1 2 3 4 5
Attractiveness of slides/transitions 1 2 3 4 5
Complete (all necessary info included) 1 2 3 4 5
Proposal-
Quality of Materials/Ideas Poor Excellent
Materials for study are of sufficient quality 1 2 3 4 5
Methodology is appropriate to answer question 1 2 3 4 5
Variables are operationally defined appropriately 1 2 3 4 5
Provides theoretical background for study 1 2 3 4 5
Feasibility of study (could you really do this?) 1 2 3 4 5
Quality of hypotheses (linked to theory?) 1 2 3 4 5
Understanding of statistical analysis required 1 2 3 4 5
Understanding of possible outcomes/results 1 2 3 4 5
Able to articulate meaning of possible results 1 2 3 4 5
Peer-reviewed references (on reference page) 1 2 3 4 5
Delivery of Presentation Poor Excellent
Pace of speech is appropriate 1 2 3 4 5
Energy/enthusiasm 1 2 3 4 5
Volume is appropriate (no mumbling/ whispering/
yelling) 1 2 3 4 5
Clearly knowledgeable about topic 1 2 3 4 5
Holds audiences’ attention/responsive to inattentiveness
(or monotone deliver; tangents) 1 2 3 4 5
Anticipates and addresses possible questions at end 1 2 3 4 5
Individual Feedback:
Final Grade for Presentation:
The Influence of Social Media on Mental Health
Martha Ramsey
Saint Leo University
Research Method II: PSY 535
Instructor Andrea Goldstein
November 3, 2022
1
Final draft: The Influence of social media on Mental Health
Abstract
It is essential to define social media and mental health to have a meaningful conversation on the impact technology has on people's emotional well-being. One definition of social media is how individuals may discuss and learn more about a range of topics with one another. Video, still images, and sound are just some of the many ways data may be sent. The material provided on these sites has the potential to help people or to cause harm, such as mental health problems or radicalization. YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Flickr are all examples of well-known social networking sites. Pew predicts that by 2022, 84 percent of U.S. adults will be active on at least one social networking site, up from 5 percentage points in 2002. In the United States, people mainly utilize the social media sites Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and Twitter.
Introduction
One cannot imagine current life without the ubiquitous presence of social media. Since it was first created, people have found several ways to put it to use. Social media were designed to facilitate quick one-on-one contact. However, it h.
This document provides an overview of child development from infancy through adolescence. It discusses the multidisciplinary nature of the field and covers key aspects of development including physical, cognitive, and socioemotional growth. Major developmental theories such as psychoanalytic, behaviorism, cognitive, and biological approaches are introduced. Common research methods used to study child development like experiments and correlation analysis are described. The role of research findings in influencing social policy to improve children's lives is also mentioned.
Unit III Research ProposalFollow the directions below for the co.docxmarilucorr
Unit III Research Proposal
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Research Proposal assignment for Unit III. If you have questions, please email your professor for assistance.
Purpose: The purpose of the research proposal is to help you to understand your project, to gain direction and feedback on your project, and to establish a blueprint for your project.
Description: In this assignment, you will create a research proposal consisting of three sections:
Section 1: What is the topic? (100-150 words)
Section 2: What is the controversy? Include paragraphs that detail both sides of the controversy. (300-400 words)
Section 3: Your tentative thesis statement (one to two sentences)
Click here to access the research proposal example.
My tentative argumentative thesis statement is, social media access should be limited or prevented for young children. Giving internet access freely to young children without adult supervision/consent can put themselves and family at risk of internet stalkers, child predators, cyber bullying, and identity theft. As stated, “Parental monitoring of children’s media influences children’s sleeping habits, school routine, social and aggressive behaviors, and that these impacts are reconciled through the amount of time spent watching and contact with media violence. Parental monitoring of media has defensive impact on a wide variety of academic, social, and physical child habits.” Doing my research, I learned that a lot of parents give internet access freely to their child and don’t think about the effects it will have on their developmental skills and health.
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Should social media access be limited or prevented for young children.
O'Keffe, G. e. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families.
Excessive computer use is keep able of affecting children's social growth. At the age of around seven years, the interaction of a child with family, school, friends, community and media all play a central role in the growth of interpersonal skills and social competence of the child. Computers are now part of that stage of development and alarms have been sounded that children who have too much access to computers create electronic friendships and might be mired in building interpersonal skills. To reduce the high risk of obesity, and other harmful effects of prolonged media exposure, the American Academy of Pediatrics has always advised parents to reduce the time spent children spend on video games, computers and other media to not more than one to two hours a day, and to encourage them to explore different activities like sports, cycling or imaginative play.
David D. Luxton, P. a. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective.
Social media may also pose a threat to vulnerable people through the formation and influence of extreme online groups that promote and provide support for beliefs and behavi ...
Mobile and Interactive Media Use by YoungChildren The Good,.docxroushhsiu
Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young
Children: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown
Jenny S. Radesky, MD, Jayna Schumacher, MD, Barry Zuckerman, MD
The use of interactive screen media such as smartphones and tablets by
young children is increasing rapidly. However, research regarding the
impact of this portable and instantly accessible source of screen time on
learning, behavior, and family dynamics has lagged considerably behind its
rate of adoption. Pediatric guidelines specifically regarding mobile device
use by young children have not yet been formulated, other than recent
suggestions that a limited amount of educational interactive media use
may be acceptable for children aged ,2 years.1 New guidance is needed
because mobile media differs from television in its multiple modalities
(eg, videos, games, educational apps), interactive capabilities, and near
ubiquity in children’s lives. Recommendations for use by infants, toddlers,
and preschool-aged children are especially crucial, because effects of
screen time are potentially more pronounced in this group. The aim of this
commentary is to review the existing literature, discuss future research
directions, and suggest preliminary guidance for families.
EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERACTIVE MEDIA USE: EVIDENCE AND THEORY
Educational Value
Although well-researched television programs such as Sesame Street or
Blue’s Clues can promote early academic skills in preschool-aged children,
children ,30 months cannot learn from television and videos as they do
from real-life interactions.2 Interactive media, on the other hand, allow for
contingent responses to children’s actions and thus may facilitate more
retention of taught material. For example, socially contingent media
(ie, with appropriate content, timing, and intensity) such as videophone
apps are just as effective as real-life encounters in teaching language to
24 month olds,3 but otherwise, published research on whether infants and
toddlers can learn from interactive screens is scant.
Promising research suggests that interactive media such as learn-to-read
apps and electronic books (e-books) may increase early literacy skills4 by
providing practice with letters, phonics, and word recognition. E-books
can be useful in promoting vocabulary development and reading
comprehension and could be more engaging for young children via digital
scaffolds (eg, oral narration, synchronous text highlighting, and embedded
sound effects, animations, or games). However, such extraneous e-book
Division of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics,
Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Dr Radesky conceptualized the article and cowrote, reviewed,
and revised the manuscript; Dr Schumacher cowrote,
reviewed, and revised the manuscript; Dr. Zuckerman
conceptualized the article and reviewed and revised the
manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as
submitted.
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2014-2251
DOI: 10.154 ...
This document provides guidance on writing a causal analysis essay. It defines a causal analysis essay as examining the relationship between causes and effects to understand why something occurred or what consequences resulted. The key components are identifying causes, effects, and their relationships. The document outlines purposes for a causal analysis essay, recommends structuring the essay around either causes or effects, and provides sample thesis statements and organizational patterns. It also includes guidelines for an effective causal analysis essay, such as fulfilling the essay's purpose and linking ideas coherently.
Outdoor play is essential for children's healthy development of mind, body and spirit. However, American children now spend much less time playing outside and more time engaged with electronic media and indoor activities. This shift has profound health impacts, including higher rates of obesity, vitamin D deficiency, myopia, and attention issues. Regular unstructured outdoor play, in contrast, is associated with improved concentration and school performance, stronger physical fitness, and reduced risk of various diseases. Reconnecting children with nature is critical for their well-being.
Please don’t waste my time you must have the book E.docxrowthechang
Please don’t
waste
my time
you
must
have the book :
Eric Foner—Give Me Liberty!
An American History
(Vol. 2).
because you need
quotes and page citations
from the book
Lecture Outline (book essays).
please find the attachments (outlines).
two essays for
two different student take the same history class
.
Instructions
Use outline format .
Use
quotes and page citations
for each chapter (in parentheses at the end of the sentence).
Your essay must be a 10-page minimum .
There's no maximum length
à
write lots!
Your answers must come from the Foner book, don’t use outside sources
.
.
Please dont waste my time unless you’re willing to do the work..docxrowthechang
Please don't waste my time unless you’re willing to do the work. This paper is already written just need the research method paper done. An example is provide on how to do the work willing to pay $35.00 due midnight
Action Research Proposal: Research Method
Due Date:
Mar 23, 2015 23:59:59
Max Points:
160
Details:
Select the population and sample that is the focus of the action research project.
Describe the method of research to be applied and why it is most appropriate for the study. Describe the population, the sample, and how you intend to gather data to address the research problem.
Develop a research instrument that will be used to collect data from the sample population.
For help with questionnaires, view “PSC 495: Questionnaire Examples.”
THIIS IS THE PROPOSAL ALREADY WRITTEN
Synopsis of the Problem
In the recent past, a number of organizations have been adversely affected by the turnover rates that have been increasing progressively as from 2009. This has witnessed an increment in the number of organizations closing shop from approximately 1.8 million to more than 2 million between 2009 and 2012
(Larson, Lakin, & Bruininks, 1998)
. Aspects that include workforce recruitment and training costs, team dynamics and time restrictions in discovering and hiring newer talents have been adversely affected by the increase in worker turnover rates and have resulted in increment in expenditures. The unconstructive effects of the elevated employee turnover rates , therefore, informs the study on why the workers opt to desert they jobs even as organizational administrators strive to enhance the employee retention rates through increment in salaries and establishment of more favorable work milieus.
Statement of Purpose
This paper is therefore, written with the objective of analyzing the effect of various aspects, for instance, increased employee turnover rates, on the organization as well as their contribution to the increasing rates of employees opting to desert their jobs.
Description of the Action Research Project
This study will make use of two key research methodologies, namely; qualitative and quantitative research methodologies
(Barton, 2006)
. Given that the two methods facilitates the acknowledgement of rationale behind the increment in dissertation rates in addition to giving insight on how organization suffering from reduced employee retention rates function.
Reasons for the Proposal
Studies on the factors affecting employee retention and impacts of increased turnover rates have indicated that managers in organizations that have been acquired by another tend to dessert their jobs as a consequence of not being offered an opportunity and ample time to align to the novel organization
(Allen & Bryant, 2012)
. Additionally, workers tend to desert their jobs as a consequence of lack of faith owing to instability experienced by the mangers leaving their positions. This, therefore, leads to the question of what factors inf.
Please do not respond in doing this assignment unless you can comp.docxrowthechang
Please do not respond in doing this assignment unless you can complete by 10:00 PM today. That is little over 6 hours. Please read carefully and ask any questions if you dont understand. I am really under the weather so Im sorry thisis such short notice.
Thank you
Choose from crisis/hostage situations or natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, tornadoes, floods)
Choose from
human-made disasters (e.g., terrorism, war, fires);
Choose from public health disasters (e.g., SARS, Legionnaire's outbreak, flu pandemic).
Select two specific systemic crisis situations. Each must represent a different type as listed above.
•
Pay particular attention to the unique and shared characteristics of the two systemic crisis situations you selected,
especially their breadth of impact.
Also focus on the crisis intervention strategies utilized for both types of crises and the ways in which they vary and are similar to one another.
•
Use any additional Learning Resources relevant to your selections (i.e., articles or video programs) that might assist you in understanding the similarities and differences between the two systemic crises you selected and the intervention strategies utilized for each.
The APA assignment (2–3 pages): not including title and reference page
•
Briefly describe the two specific systemic crises you have selected.
•Explain how the two crises are similar and how they are different,
including their breadth of impact.
•Explain what insights you have or conclusions you can draw based on the comparison.
•Describe at least two crisis intervention strategies that could be used in each crisis and explain how and why they might be used.
•
Describe the similarities and differences between these two sets of intervention strategies, and explain any insights you have or conclusions you can draw based on this comparison.
.
Please do not plagiarism.I attached Ratio Formaula and Financial.docxrowthechang
Please do not plagiarism.
I attached Ratio Formaula and Financial Information of the Polaris Company.
Calculations are needed.
Access the Financial Statements of Polaris Company in Appendix A-1 and use the ratios as defined on page 707.
As the controller of your Company you have been asked by the president and the treasurer if it would be wise
to invest $200,000 in Polaris.
Required:
1) Compute each ratio listed below for Polaris for its years ending December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2011.
2) Give a brief commentary about each ratio listed for Polaris for it's years ending Dec 31, 2010, and Dec 31, 2011.
3) Interpret Polaris's profitability with a brief company summary using the ratio results of #1 and #2.
4) Give your recommendation whether to invest or not to invest $200,000 in Polaris and your reasons why.
The format of your project should be as follows:
1.The
File name should be ........... LAST NAME, Acctg 2
2. Your name must appear on
all
pages.
3. The print margins should print on 8 1/2 by 11-
check
by clicking "print view" prior to submitting.
4. Each ratio
must
show a complete calculation.
5. Follow the format below using the number, letter and title for each requirement
.
1) Calculate the following ratios for
2010 and 2011
(1a)
Profit margin ratio
(1b)
Gross profit ratio
(1c)
Return on total assets
(1d)
Return on common stockholder'equity
(1e)
Basic earnings per share.
USE the amounts given in the Financials
2. Write a brief commentary regarding the results of ratios
(2
a)
Profit margin ratio
(2b)
Gross profit ratio
(2c)
Return on total assets
(2d)
Return on common stockholder'equity
(2e)
Basic earnings per share
3. Executive Summary- This is an overview of section 2. Your analysis of the ratios.
This summary should be:
NO MORE THAN 1 PAGE,
AT LEAST
1/2 page
4. Recommendation-
The Recommendation should be:
NO MORE THAN 1 PAGE -
AT LEAST
1/2
A PAGE.
You must make a recommendation
.
.
Please do not duplicate APA format with intext ciatationat leas.docxrowthechang
Please do not duplicate
APA format with intext ciatation
at least 3 references
Negotiations and Cross-Cultural Approaches
1,000 Words
Due 12.15.14
Your fast-food franchise has been cleared for business in all 4 countries (United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China). You now have to start construction on your restaurants. The financing is coming from the United Arab Emirates, the materials are coming from Mexico and China, the engineering and technology are coming from Israel , and the labor will be hired locally within these countries by your management team from the United States. You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another. The people seem to be staying with their own groups and not mingling.
·
What is the cultural phenomenon at play here (what is it called/ term)?
·
How do you explain the lack of intercultural communication and interaction?
·
What do you know about these cultures—specifically their economic, political, educational, and social systems—that could help you in getting them together?
·
What are some of the contrasting cultural values of these countries?
You are concerned about some of the language barriers as you start the meeting, particularly the fact that the United States is a low-context country, and some of the countries present are high-context countries. Furthermore, you only speak English, and you do not have an interpreter present.
·
How will this affect the presentation?
·
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal language for this group?
What strategy would you use to begin to have everyone develop a relationship with each other that will help ease future negotiations, development, and implementation?
re: p4ip
.
PLEASE DO MY WORKIntelligence Theory Presentation week 4De.docxrowthechang
PLEASE DO MY WORK
Intelligence Theory Presentation week 4
Develop
an 8- to 12-slide Microsoft
®
PowerPoint
®
presentation with speaker notes on the following topics:
How intelligence is measured
The characteristics of a good measure of intelligence
The benefits of testing for intelligence
The criticism of intelligence testing
Contrast
intelligence theories, from early theories to more contemporary ideas on intelligence.
Format
your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
.
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Engaging families in the ecd story neuroscience and ecdDr Lendy Spires
The document summarizes recent neuroscience research on early brain development and the implications for parenting and early childhood development. Some key points:
1. The first five years of life are critical for brain development and have lasting effects on wellbeing, learning, behavior, and social development. Early experiences can enhance or diminish a child's potential.
2. Parenting practices like reading to children, using complex language, responsiveness and warmth have been shown to support better developmental outcomes.
3. While neuroscience provides insights, its findings need to be carefully interpreted to avoid oversimplification. Parenting alone cannot compensate for socioeconomic disadvantages facing some children.
A Course-Based Qualitative Inquiry into the Potential Impact of the Bachelor ...inventionjournals
This document summarizes a qualitative study that explored how Bachelor of Child and Youth Care students may be influenced by their educational program and apply what they've learned to their own future parenting styles. The study analyzed responses from 15 students through open-ended surveys. Four major themes emerged: 1) a desire to adopt an authoritative parenting style, unlike the authoritarian styles many experienced, 2) influence from specific courses and concepts around development, abuse, and substance use, 3) a better understanding of parenting theories, and 4) increased self-reflection abilities. The results suggest the CYC program significantly impacts not only graduates' professional skills but also their personal approaches to parenting.
8Associated PressConnecting With Families and Communiti.docxsleeperharwell
8Associated Press
Connecting With Families and Communities
Chapter Learning Outcomes
After reading this chapter you should be able to
· Explain the bioecological theory of human development and its importance
· Discuss the importance of families as children’s first teachers
· Explain the importance of home–school partnerships
· Identify elements of the larger community that contribute to centers and schools and vice versa, as well as plan for your potential leadership roles as an early education professional
· Discuss ways in which teachers or caregivers can interact most effectively with a school’s or center’s community
Introduction: The Adults in Children’s Lives Introduction: The Adults in Children’s Lives
nteracting with young children in ways that are most beneficial is more than possessing good teaching techniques and affection for youngsters as individuals. It is important for teachers to realize that much of what children are comes from their family and cultural backgrounds, and that this fact determines, to great extent, their responses to what their teachers do and say.
I
In the education field, it is often regarded as a truism that parents are children’s first teachers. The intent of this statement is to convey the point of the parents being first sequentially, but also as first in importance. This reminder is a good one for teachers and caregivers to keep in mind, but it needs to go further, given the many models of family in today’s world. In this chapter we will discuss some of these models and how they impact what children bring to a center or to school.
Also of importance is the cultural community and its influence on young children. As one writer has powerfully stated, educators “must view each child and family within a framework that encompasses the entire political, social, economic, cultural, and spiritual experience that shapes the identity and behavior of the families and children with whom they work. The one-size-fits-all approach is a gross oversight . . .”(Prater, 2002, p. 150). So then, not only must teachers remember to place their children in a large and complex cultural context, but their families as well, and this chapter will discuss these issues.
There is another community that teachers and caregivers must learn to be skillful partners of,
As children’s first teachers, parents are responsible for what their children know upon entering school. How might different backgrounds impact what a young learner brings to a center or to school?
and it is visibly around them every day. It is the community of their own workplace. Collaboration, cooperation, skillful communication, and effective listening with colleagues are all important to professionalism. This chapter will provide specific suggestions for successfully negotiating
Artiga Photo/Corbis the workplace world.
The concept of an interdependency of home, school, center, school, community, and culture is a complex one that has been studied for more th.
Reference Summary Worksheet
Reference 1 – Cross-cultural reference
Citation in APA format (2 pts)
Houghton, S., Hunter, S. C., Rosenberg, M., Wood, L., Zadow, C., Martin, K.,
& Shilton, T. (2015). Virtually impossible: limiting Australian children
and adolescents daily screen based media use.
BMC Public Health
,
15
(1),
1. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-15-5
Key findings (6 pts)
In 2-3 paragraphs, summarize the main findings in your source.
The use of screen based media use (SBMU) has seen a steady increase over the years. Research conducted by American, Australian, and Canadian Health departments have cited concerns on the increasing use of SBMU in children, more specifically children under the age of two. It is recommended by many health professionals that children limit their exposure to SBMU to two hour or less per day. However, today this is proving more challenging as SBMU is not just on television, it is a part of schools, afterschool activities, and at each child’s fingertips with the advancements in smartphones.
Healthcare experts warnings about SBMU have not been heeded. To the contrary, children today, even after the recommendations have been put out, are using SBMU more then ever. For example, over a ten-year period SBMU data was collected on children and the findings showed in increase in screen viewing of all types from 3 hours and 45 minutes to 4 hours and 30 minutes. Other studies from the USA, UK, and Canada, show a similar trend regarding SBMU and children. All three countries have conducted research targeting the percentage of children who accede the two-hour SBMU recommended threshold. In all three countries the research clearly showed that over 50 percent of the children studied regularly used some form of screen-based media more then the recommended two hours.
How do you know that this is a credible/scholarly source? (2 pts)
I retrieved this article from the UMUC Library database searching scholarly articles. The authors and reference list is comprised of subject mater experts in a variety of fields related to this topic of discussion.
Reference 2 – Policy reference
Citation in APA format (2 pts)
Rowan, C. (2010). Unplug—Don’t drug: A critical look at the influence of
technology on child behavior with an alternative way of responding other
than evaluation and drugging.
Ethical Human Psychology And Psychiatry:
An
International Journal Of Critical Inquiry
,
12
(1), 60-68.
doi:10.1891/1559-4343.12.1.60
Key findings (6 pts)
In 2-3 paragraphs, summarize the main findings in your source.
Technology use by children has led to alarming statistics showing obesity and psychiatric disorders on the rise. Today, children’s distractions or medical conditions related to technology use are misdiagnosed and subsequently these children are overly medicated. There are many factors that contribute to kids obesity and psychological issues, but the major contributing factors are less one-on-one time with parents doing out.
1.1 Why a Family-Centered ApproachTraditionally, schools through.docxpaynetawnya
1.1 Why a Family-Centered Approach
Traditionally, schools throughout the world have been institutions in which teachers, social workers, and educational specialists are considered the sole source of knowledge, information, and expertise, and parents are expected to support and implement the advice of these experts. Until recently, in contrast with schools, early childhood care and education programs followed a parent-oriented approach in which parents assumed a more active role. Families got together to care for each other's children; sometimes the older women in a community cared for the young children, and mothers rotated care in mother's-day-out programs. One example of high-quality family-oriented child care in the United States can be found in the Kaiser Shipyards during WWII, where mothers worked in factories building ships. These programs provided family medical care and even meals for mothers to take home after their shift in the factory (Hurwitz, 1998). However, over the years, many early childhood programs became more like schools, expecting parents to listen passively to their advice and to help implement their programs (Keyser, 2006).
The development of a family-centered early care and education approach can be traced to the federal early childhood program Head Start. Formed in 1965 as part of President Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty, Head Start was developed as a comprehensive program for low-income families with preschool-age children, with a focus on parent involvement and community collaboration (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2012). The architects of Head Start recognized the need to work in an equal partnership with families of low-income children (Greenberg, 1969). To this end, the program was designed with very specific roles and responsibilities for parents. Program Performance Standards outline overall standards to be met in each component area. These are critical quality indicators used to ensure the program meets the unique needs of the communities and families the program serves. Component areas that must meet these performance standards include specific requirements for parent activities, such as opportunities for parents to follow a career path to become teachers in the local program. Additionally, all local Head Start programs have a governing body, known as a policy council, which must include parents. This body has direct responsibilities in a variety of areas, including approval of hiring and firing of all staff, budget and program component approval, and overall program evaluation (HHS, 2012).
The design of local Head Start programs led more and more early childhood programs to consider a shared approach to power and control. Other early childhood models (such as Waldorf, Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and local community-based programs) practice different degrees of the family-centered approach, depending on their unique philosophy, history, and ownership. With a family-centered approach ...
ECE 205 CHILD DEVELOPMENT WEEK ONE INSTRUCTOR GUIDANCE .docxaryan532920
ECE 205 CHILD DEVELOPMENT
WEEK ONE INSTRUCTOR GUIDANCE
Pat Yourself on the Back for starting
this course!
“When dealing with children there is greater need for observing than of probing.”
-Maria Montessori
Overview of the Learning Week
Welcome to ECE 205: Child Development. In this course you will become familiar with the influences on child
development by gaining a better understanding of why studying child development is important. You will be
discussing the major theorists and their theories, as well as identifying the developmental ages and stages
associated with each. In the Week One guidance, Chapters 1 and 3 will be examined.
Think about your chosen profession.
Are you familiar with the ages, stages, and milestones of child development?
Do you know how to work with children of all developing stages?
Do you understand developmentally appropriate practices in relation to a child’s age and
developmental stage?
http://www.dailymontessori.com/montessori-theory/
In your profession, you will help children, families, and colleagues better understand child development by
empowering them with ways to reach children at their developmental stage that will help with motor,
cognitive, communication, social-emotional, and self-help skills.
This week you will begin by examining your own personal beliefs about child development. You will be asked
to think back to when you were a child and remember things that contributed to your development. You will
also decide why understanding child development and the study of child development is important in your
chosen profession. Developmental theories will also be examined.
Instructor Expertise
You may be asking why the study of child development is so important. You, as someone working with
children, play a huge role and have a great impact on each child by providing appropriate experiences,
support, and direction child so they reach their optimum developmental level.
What is Child Development and Why Study It?
In 1976, Gene R. Medinnus determined in his Child Study and Observation Guide that there are four principal
reasons for studying children. They are:
1. Having a natural curiosity about human development
2. Needing assistance in guiding children’s development
3. Wanting to better predict behavior
4. Pursuing an interest in understanding one’s own actions. (Groark, McCarthy, & Kirk, 2014).
Because so many children each day are in some type of childcare center, early childhood classroom, or clinic, it
is vital that caregivers provide appropriate support. Professionals working with young children have the
opportunity to impact all aspects of child development while they are in contact with these children.
According to our course text, “it is essential to understand typical human development because that
understanding assists child caregivers in predicting how a child will learn and progress in developmenta ...
A Call for Research Exploring Social Media Influences on Mother's Child Feedi...Elizabeth (Lisa) Gardner
This document calls for research on how social media influences mothers' child feeding practices and childhood obesity risk. It suggests that mothers are uniquely important targets for social media interventions aimed at childhood obesity prevention due to their influence on children's eating behaviors and high engagement with social media. The document recommends exploring how mothers currently use social media to learn about child feeding, and the mechanisms through which social media impacts their practices. Understanding mothers' social media behaviors and needs related to child feeding could help develop effective social media interventions for obesity prevention.
This document outlines a capstone project for incorporating bioethics into a high school science classroom. It includes objectives such as having students work in groups to complete authentic tasks on various bioethical issues. Examples of projects described are having students take on roles related to the Tuskegee Syphilis study and complete a genetics counseling case study. Throughout the year, students would keep an ethics journal to reflect on science articles addressing ethical issues. The goal is for students to see science as a human endeavor subject to biases and personal values.
This document discusses Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory of human development. It provides an overview of the key aspects of Bronfenbrenner's model, including the importance he placed on proximal processes and how the different systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem) interact and influence development. It also reviews some limitations of the theory, such as the lack of research on mesosystem interactions and challenges to empirical testing. The document concludes by noting how more recent work still finds links to Bronfenbrenner's ecological perspectives.
Media exposure and education of first to six grade children from slovenia p...Lazar Stosic
The family environment plays an important role in influencing the way that children use the media and the degree of their exposure to media, however the mediating role of parents in this process is not sufficiently understood. The present paper presents the results of a 2016 Slovenian national survey in which opinions of 2,825 parents concerning their children’s exposure to media were collected and analysed using the SPSS PSAW Statistic 18 software package. Our results show that exposure to media by children from the first to the sixth grade increases with age, that children of parents who are themselves heavy media users are more likely to be heavy users and that children who are heavy media users also receive lower test scores.
PosterPPT Presentation Rubric – Research Methods 2 PSY 535 .docxpauline234567
Poster/PPT Presentation Rubric – Research Methods 2 PSY 535
Poster/Slides Poor Excellent
Organization of Information (good outline) 1 2 3 4 5
Ideas are clearly stated and understood 1 2 3 4 5
Attractiveness of slides/transitions 1 2 3 4 5
Complete (all necessary info included) 1 2 3 4 5
Proposal-
Quality of Materials/Ideas Poor Excellent
Materials for study are of sufficient quality 1 2 3 4 5
Methodology is appropriate to answer question 1 2 3 4 5
Variables are operationally defined appropriately 1 2 3 4 5
Provides theoretical background for study 1 2 3 4 5
Feasibility of study (could you really do this?) 1 2 3 4 5
Quality of hypotheses (linked to theory?) 1 2 3 4 5
Understanding of statistical analysis required 1 2 3 4 5
Understanding of possible outcomes/results 1 2 3 4 5
Able to articulate meaning of possible results 1 2 3 4 5
Peer-reviewed references (on reference page) 1 2 3 4 5
Delivery of Presentation Poor Excellent
Pace of speech is appropriate 1 2 3 4 5
Energy/enthusiasm 1 2 3 4 5
Volume is appropriate (no mumbling/ whispering/
yelling) 1 2 3 4 5
Clearly knowledgeable about topic 1 2 3 4 5
Holds audiences’ attention/responsive to inattentiveness
(or monotone deliver; tangents) 1 2 3 4 5
Anticipates and addresses possible questions at end 1 2 3 4 5
Individual Feedback:
Final Grade for Presentation:
The Influence of Social Media on Mental Health
Martha Ramsey
Saint Leo University
Research Method II: PSY 535
Instructor Andrea Goldstein
November 3, 2022
1
Final draft: The Influence of social media on Mental Health
Abstract
It is essential to define social media and mental health to have a meaningful conversation on the impact technology has on people's emotional well-being. One definition of social media is how individuals may discuss and learn more about a range of topics with one another. Video, still images, and sound are just some of the many ways data may be sent. The material provided on these sites has the potential to help people or to cause harm, such as mental health problems or radicalization. YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Flickr are all examples of well-known social networking sites. Pew predicts that by 2022, 84 percent of U.S. adults will be active on at least one social networking site, up from 5 percentage points in 2002. In the United States, people mainly utilize the social media sites Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest, and Twitter.
Introduction
One cannot imagine current life without the ubiquitous presence of social media. Since it was first created, people have found several ways to put it to use. Social media were designed to facilitate quick one-on-one contact. However, it h.
This document provides an overview of child development from infancy through adolescence. It discusses the multidisciplinary nature of the field and covers key aspects of development including physical, cognitive, and socioemotional growth. Major developmental theories such as psychoanalytic, behaviorism, cognitive, and biological approaches are introduced. Common research methods used to study child development like experiments and correlation analysis are described. The role of research findings in influencing social policy to improve children's lives is also mentioned.
Unit III Research ProposalFollow the directions below for the co.docxmarilucorr
Unit III Research Proposal
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Research Proposal assignment for Unit III. If you have questions, please email your professor for assistance.
Purpose: The purpose of the research proposal is to help you to understand your project, to gain direction and feedback on your project, and to establish a blueprint for your project.
Description: In this assignment, you will create a research proposal consisting of three sections:
Section 1: What is the topic? (100-150 words)
Section 2: What is the controversy? Include paragraphs that detail both sides of the controversy. (300-400 words)
Section 3: Your tentative thesis statement (one to two sentences)
Click here to access the research proposal example.
My tentative argumentative thesis statement is, social media access should be limited or prevented for young children. Giving internet access freely to young children without adult supervision/consent can put themselves and family at risk of internet stalkers, child predators, cyber bullying, and identity theft. As stated, “Parental monitoring of children’s media influences children’s sleeping habits, school routine, social and aggressive behaviors, and that these impacts are reconciled through the amount of time spent watching and contact with media violence. Parental monitoring of media has defensive impact on a wide variety of academic, social, and physical child habits.” Doing my research, I learned that a lot of parents give internet access freely to their child and don’t think about the effects it will have on their developmental skills and health.
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Should social media access be limited or prevented for young children.
O'Keffe, G. e. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families.
Excessive computer use is keep able of affecting children's social growth. At the age of around seven years, the interaction of a child with family, school, friends, community and media all play a central role in the growth of interpersonal skills and social competence of the child. Computers are now part of that stage of development and alarms have been sounded that children who have too much access to computers create electronic friendships and might be mired in building interpersonal skills. To reduce the high risk of obesity, and other harmful effects of prolonged media exposure, the American Academy of Pediatrics has always advised parents to reduce the time spent children spend on video games, computers and other media to not more than one to two hours a day, and to encourage them to explore different activities like sports, cycling or imaginative play.
David D. Luxton, P. a. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective.
Social media may also pose a threat to vulnerable people through the formation and influence of extreme online groups that promote and provide support for beliefs and behavi ...
Mobile and Interactive Media Use by YoungChildren The Good,.docxroushhsiu
Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young
Children: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown
Jenny S. Radesky, MD, Jayna Schumacher, MD, Barry Zuckerman, MD
The use of interactive screen media such as smartphones and tablets by
young children is increasing rapidly. However, research regarding the
impact of this portable and instantly accessible source of screen time on
learning, behavior, and family dynamics has lagged considerably behind its
rate of adoption. Pediatric guidelines specifically regarding mobile device
use by young children have not yet been formulated, other than recent
suggestions that a limited amount of educational interactive media use
may be acceptable for children aged ,2 years.1 New guidance is needed
because mobile media differs from television in its multiple modalities
(eg, videos, games, educational apps), interactive capabilities, and near
ubiquity in children’s lives. Recommendations for use by infants, toddlers,
and preschool-aged children are especially crucial, because effects of
screen time are potentially more pronounced in this group. The aim of this
commentary is to review the existing literature, discuss future research
directions, and suggest preliminary guidance for families.
EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERACTIVE MEDIA USE: EVIDENCE AND THEORY
Educational Value
Although well-researched television programs such as Sesame Street or
Blue’s Clues can promote early academic skills in preschool-aged children,
children ,30 months cannot learn from television and videos as they do
from real-life interactions.2 Interactive media, on the other hand, allow for
contingent responses to children’s actions and thus may facilitate more
retention of taught material. For example, socially contingent media
(ie, with appropriate content, timing, and intensity) such as videophone
apps are just as effective as real-life encounters in teaching language to
24 month olds,3 but otherwise, published research on whether infants and
toddlers can learn from interactive screens is scant.
Promising research suggests that interactive media such as learn-to-read
apps and electronic books (e-books) may increase early literacy skills4 by
providing practice with letters, phonics, and word recognition. E-books
can be useful in promoting vocabulary development and reading
comprehension and could be more engaging for young children via digital
scaffolds (eg, oral narration, synchronous text highlighting, and embedded
sound effects, animations, or games). However, such extraneous e-book
Division of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics,
Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Dr Radesky conceptualized the article and cowrote, reviewed,
and revised the manuscript; Dr Schumacher cowrote,
reviewed, and revised the manuscript; Dr. Zuckerman
conceptualized the article and reviewed and revised the
manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as
submitted.
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2014-2251
DOI: 10.154 ...
This document provides guidance on writing a causal analysis essay. It defines a causal analysis essay as examining the relationship between causes and effects to understand why something occurred or what consequences resulted. The key components are identifying causes, effects, and their relationships. The document outlines purposes for a causal analysis essay, recommends structuring the essay around either causes or effects, and provides sample thesis statements and organizational patterns. It also includes guidelines for an effective causal analysis essay, such as fulfilling the essay's purpose and linking ideas coherently.
Outdoor play is essential for children's healthy development of mind, body and spirit. However, American children now spend much less time playing outside and more time engaged with electronic media and indoor activities. This shift has profound health impacts, including higher rates of obesity, vitamin D deficiency, myopia, and attention issues. Regular unstructured outdoor play, in contrast, is associated with improved concentration and school performance, stronger physical fitness, and reduced risk of various diseases. Reconnecting children with nature is critical for their well-being.
Similar to This week our forum looks at the foundations of where we learn t.docx (16)
Please don’t waste my time you must have the book E.docxrowthechang
Please don’t
waste
my time
you
must
have the book :
Eric Foner—Give Me Liberty!
An American History
(Vol. 2).
because you need
quotes and page citations
from the book
Lecture Outline (book essays).
please find the attachments (outlines).
two essays for
two different student take the same history class
.
Instructions
Use outline format .
Use
quotes and page citations
for each chapter (in parentheses at the end of the sentence).
Your essay must be a 10-page minimum .
There's no maximum length
à
write lots!
Your answers must come from the Foner book, don’t use outside sources
.
.
Please dont waste my time unless you’re willing to do the work..docxrowthechang
Please don't waste my time unless you’re willing to do the work. This paper is already written just need the research method paper done. An example is provide on how to do the work willing to pay $35.00 due midnight
Action Research Proposal: Research Method
Due Date:
Mar 23, 2015 23:59:59
Max Points:
160
Details:
Select the population and sample that is the focus of the action research project.
Describe the method of research to be applied and why it is most appropriate for the study. Describe the population, the sample, and how you intend to gather data to address the research problem.
Develop a research instrument that will be used to collect data from the sample population.
For help with questionnaires, view “PSC 495: Questionnaire Examples.”
THIIS IS THE PROPOSAL ALREADY WRITTEN
Synopsis of the Problem
In the recent past, a number of organizations have been adversely affected by the turnover rates that have been increasing progressively as from 2009. This has witnessed an increment in the number of organizations closing shop from approximately 1.8 million to more than 2 million between 2009 and 2012
(Larson, Lakin, & Bruininks, 1998)
. Aspects that include workforce recruitment and training costs, team dynamics and time restrictions in discovering and hiring newer talents have been adversely affected by the increase in worker turnover rates and have resulted in increment in expenditures. The unconstructive effects of the elevated employee turnover rates , therefore, informs the study on why the workers opt to desert they jobs even as organizational administrators strive to enhance the employee retention rates through increment in salaries and establishment of more favorable work milieus.
Statement of Purpose
This paper is therefore, written with the objective of analyzing the effect of various aspects, for instance, increased employee turnover rates, on the organization as well as their contribution to the increasing rates of employees opting to desert their jobs.
Description of the Action Research Project
This study will make use of two key research methodologies, namely; qualitative and quantitative research methodologies
(Barton, 2006)
. Given that the two methods facilitates the acknowledgement of rationale behind the increment in dissertation rates in addition to giving insight on how organization suffering from reduced employee retention rates function.
Reasons for the Proposal
Studies on the factors affecting employee retention and impacts of increased turnover rates have indicated that managers in organizations that have been acquired by another tend to dessert their jobs as a consequence of not being offered an opportunity and ample time to align to the novel organization
(Allen & Bryant, 2012)
. Additionally, workers tend to desert their jobs as a consequence of lack of faith owing to instability experienced by the mangers leaving their positions. This, therefore, leads to the question of what factors inf.
Please do not respond in doing this assignment unless you can comp.docxrowthechang
Please do not respond in doing this assignment unless you can complete by 10:00 PM today. That is little over 6 hours. Please read carefully and ask any questions if you dont understand. I am really under the weather so Im sorry thisis such short notice.
Thank you
Choose from crisis/hostage situations or natural disasters (e.g., hurricanes, tornadoes, floods)
Choose from
human-made disasters (e.g., terrorism, war, fires);
Choose from public health disasters (e.g., SARS, Legionnaire's outbreak, flu pandemic).
Select two specific systemic crisis situations. Each must represent a different type as listed above.
•
Pay particular attention to the unique and shared characteristics of the two systemic crisis situations you selected,
especially their breadth of impact.
Also focus on the crisis intervention strategies utilized for both types of crises and the ways in which they vary and are similar to one another.
•
Use any additional Learning Resources relevant to your selections (i.e., articles or video programs) that might assist you in understanding the similarities and differences between the two systemic crises you selected and the intervention strategies utilized for each.
The APA assignment (2–3 pages): not including title and reference page
•
Briefly describe the two specific systemic crises you have selected.
•Explain how the two crises are similar and how they are different,
including their breadth of impact.
•Explain what insights you have or conclusions you can draw based on the comparison.
•Describe at least two crisis intervention strategies that could be used in each crisis and explain how and why they might be used.
•
Describe the similarities and differences between these two sets of intervention strategies, and explain any insights you have or conclusions you can draw based on this comparison.
.
Please do not plagiarism.I attached Ratio Formaula and Financial.docxrowthechang
Please do not plagiarism.
I attached Ratio Formaula and Financial Information of the Polaris Company.
Calculations are needed.
Access the Financial Statements of Polaris Company in Appendix A-1 and use the ratios as defined on page 707.
As the controller of your Company you have been asked by the president and the treasurer if it would be wise
to invest $200,000 in Polaris.
Required:
1) Compute each ratio listed below for Polaris for its years ending December 31, 2010, and December 31, 2011.
2) Give a brief commentary about each ratio listed for Polaris for it's years ending Dec 31, 2010, and Dec 31, 2011.
3) Interpret Polaris's profitability with a brief company summary using the ratio results of #1 and #2.
4) Give your recommendation whether to invest or not to invest $200,000 in Polaris and your reasons why.
The format of your project should be as follows:
1.The
File name should be ........... LAST NAME, Acctg 2
2. Your name must appear on
all
pages.
3. The print margins should print on 8 1/2 by 11-
check
by clicking "print view" prior to submitting.
4. Each ratio
must
show a complete calculation.
5. Follow the format below using the number, letter and title for each requirement
.
1) Calculate the following ratios for
2010 and 2011
(1a)
Profit margin ratio
(1b)
Gross profit ratio
(1c)
Return on total assets
(1d)
Return on common stockholder'equity
(1e)
Basic earnings per share.
USE the amounts given in the Financials
2. Write a brief commentary regarding the results of ratios
(2
a)
Profit margin ratio
(2b)
Gross profit ratio
(2c)
Return on total assets
(2d)
Return on common stockholder'equity
(2e)
Basic earnings per share
3. Executive Summary- This is an overview of section 2. Your analysis of the ratios.
This summary should be:
NO MORE THAN 1 PAGE,
AT LEAST
1/2 page
4. Recommendation-
The Recommendation should be:
NO MORE THAN 1 PAGE -
AT LEAST
1/2
A PAGE.
You must make a recommendation
.
.
Please do not duplicate APA format with intext ciatationat leas.docxrowthechang
Please do not duplicate
APA format with intext ciatation
at least 3 references
Negotiations and Cross-Cultural Approaches
1,000 Words
Due 12.15.14
Your fast-food franchise has been cleared for business in all 4 countries (United Arab Emirates, Israel, Mexico, and China). You now have to start construction on your restaurants. The financing is coming from the United Arab Emirates, the materials are coming from Mexico and China, the engineering and technology are coming from Israel , and the labor will be hired locally within these countries by your management team from the United States. You invite all of the players to the headquarters in the United States for a big meeting to explain the project and get to know one another. The people seem to be staying with their own groups and not mingling.
·
What is the cultural phenomenon at play here (what is it called/ term)?
·
How do you explain the lack of intercultural communication and interaction?
·
What do you know about these cultures—specifically their economic, political, educational, and social systems—that could help you in getting them together?
·
What are some of the contrasting cultural values of these countries?
You are concerned about some of the language barriers as you start the meeting, particularly the fact that the United States is a low-context country, and some of the countries present are high-context countries. Furthermore, you only speak English, and you do not have an interpreter present.
·
How will this affect the presentation?
·
What are some of the issues you should be concerned about regarding verbal and nonverbal language for this group?
What strategy would you use to begin to have everyone develop a relationship with each other that will help ease future negotiations, development, and implementation?
re: p4ip
.
PLEASE DO MY WORKIntelligence Theory Presentation week 4De.docxrowthechang
PLEASE DO MY WORK
Intelligence Theory Presentation week 4
Develop
an 8- to 12-slide Microsoft
®
PowerPoint
®
presentation with speaker notes on the following topics:
How intelligence is measured
The characteristics of a good measure of intelligence
The benefits of testing for intelligence
The criticism of intelligence testing
Contrast
intelligence theories, from early theories to more contemporary ideas on intelligence.
Format
your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.
.
Please do not delete anything from the template except for the words.docxrowthechang
Please do not delete anything from the template except for the words “you fill out”
. Simply place your
answers
where requested below, and be sure to show and explain all of your work. Please also attach your Excel spreadsheet (
required
). This document contains a lot of information. Please read every word, all the way to the end
J
***Please place your intro paragraph here (100 words min.). Please use APA format for your intro (double spaced, size 12 font). ***
Your intro paragraph must include a thesis statement. Please explain your paper and what you are doing here in this task.
1.
Using the Hamilton method of apportionment, determine the number of seats each state should receive.
Please fill out the below table. Please also attach your Excel spreadsheet.
State
Number of Seats
1
You fill out
2
You fill out
3
You fill out
4
You fill out
5
You fill out
6
You fill out
7
You fill out
8
You fill out
9
You fill out
10
You fill out
2.
Using the numbers you just calculated from applying the Hamilton method, determine the average constituency for each state. Explain your decision making process for allocating the remaining seats.
Please fill out the below table. Please also attach your Excel spreadsheet.
State
Average Constituency
1
You fill out
2
You fill out
3
You fill out
4
You fill out
5
You fill out
6
You fill out
7
You fill out
8
You fill out
9
You fill out
10
You fill out
Please answer the following (required):
·
What does Average Constituency mean?
·
What does it measure?
·
How is it calculated?
·
What is the process for allocating surplus/remaining seats?
HINT: see pages 533-534 of the textbook.
3.
Calculate the absolute and relative unfairness of this apportionment.
Please answer the following:
·
What two states will you be using for your calculations?
Please state them here.
·
What is the absolute unfairness?
State your final answer here.
Please show all work.
·
What is the relative unfairness?
State your final answer here.
Please show all work
HINT: you can find the formulas in the textbook.
4.
Explain how changes in state boundaries or populations could affect the balance of representation in this congress. Provide an example using the results above.
Please answer the following (
100 words minimum
):
·
Explain how changes in state boundaries or populations could affect the balance of representation in this congress. What can cause population increase? What can cause population decrease? What can cause state boundaries to change? How do all of these affect the balance of representation?
·
Provide a
numerical exam
ple like I showed in the example document. Include and show all of your work. Include your original population numbers and seat numbers, and include your modified population numbers and seat numbers. Please explain all of your work very clearly (with written text and math work).
5.
How and why could an Alabama Paradox occur?
Please answer the question with
at least 3 to .
Please do not try to be hired unless you have expertise in Governmen.docxrowthechang
Please do not try to be hired unless you have expertise in Government.
o
Discuss the history and contours of the “original intent” vs. “judicial activism” debate in American jurisprudence.
o
Part 1: Introduce and explain the key arguments supporting the “Original Intent” perspective and the argument for “Judicial Activism.”
o
Part 2: Weigh the merits of both sides and provide an assessment of both based upon research and analysis.
·
P
age Length:
3–4 pages in addition to the title page, abstract page, and bibliography page
·
Sources/Citations
: 8–10 sources, combining course material and outside material, are required. Key ideas from the required reading must be incorporated. I will provide the links to the reading material.
.
Please discuss the interpersonal determinants of consumer behavior.docxrowthechang
Please discuss the interpersonal determinants of consumer behavior: cultural, social, and family influence and how they influence the purchase categories. (75 to 100 words)
Reference:
Perreault, W. D., Cannon, J. P., & McCarthy, E. J. (2010). Essentials of marketing (12th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
.
Please describe the related techniques that regarding the performanc.docxrowthechang
Please describe the related techniques that regarding the performance of computer as following listed:
Moore’s Law (what about technology impacts)
Use abstraction to simplify design
Make common case fast (why and how)
Parallelism (Instruction level, Thread-level, Task level,….)
Pipelining (super-pipeline)
Prediction
Hierarchy of memories (anything regarding the speedy of deep learning or machine learning)
Dependability via Redundancy
.
please discuss your reactions to the concept of relationship rewards.docxrowthechang
please discuss your reactions to the concept of relationship rewards. Do you think this concept has merit? Why or why not?
******READ this section to understand how to answer the question*********
From this perspective, social life entails the mutual exchange of desirable
rewards
with others, a process called
social exchange.
There are several different social exchange theories, but the ideas introduced by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley (1959; Kelley & Thibaut, 1978)—now known as
interdependence
Page 176
theory
—are most often used by
relationship
scientists, so I'll feature them here. Let's first consider the central elements of social exchange.
Rewards and Costs
The rewards of interactions are the gratifying experiences and commodities we obtain through our contact with others. They come in very different forms ranging from impersonal benefits, such as the directions you can get from strangers when you're lost, to personal intimacies, such as acceptance and support from someone you love. I'll use the term
reward
to refer to anything within an interaction that is desirable and welcome and that brings enjoyment or fulfillment to the recipient.
In contrast,
costs
are punishing, undesirable experiences. They can involve financial expenditures, such as buying dinner for your date, or actual injuries, such as split lips. However, some of the most important costs of intimate interaction are psychological burdens: uncertainty about where a relationship is headed, frustration over your partner's imperfections, and regret about all the things you don't get to do because you're in that relationship (Sedikides et al., 1994). All of the diverse consequences of interaction that are frustrating or distressing are costs.
We'll summarize the rewards and costs associated with a particular interaction with the term
outcome,
which describes the net profit or loss a person encounters, all things considered. Adding up all the rewards and costs involved,
Outcomes = Rewards − Costs
(MILLER 175-176)
MILLER.
Intimate Relationships, 6th Edition
. McGraw-Hill Learning
Solution
s, 10/17/2011. VitalBook file.
The citation provided is a guideline. Please check each citation for accuracy before use.
Gender Differences in the Evaluation of
Relationship
Rewards
The various commodities and rewards people exchange in their relationships have no price tags, and partners sometimes disagree about what an exchange is worth. In a study by Wills et al., (1974), seven married couples kept track of their behavioral exchanges for 2 weeks. The rewards they exchanged either involved tasks and responsibilities (such as taking out the garbage) or emotion and affection (such as saying, “I love you”). When the spouses rated their pleasure with their partners' behavior, wives particularly appreciated their husbands' affectionate behavior, whereas husbands liked their wives' task-oriented help. The sexes apparently attached different values to such actions as doing the dis.
please define:
· Internet/World Wide Web
· Transmission Control/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
· Packet
· Router
· Domain Name Service (DNS)
The document should be in 500 word limit
.
Please create an outline of the work youve done so far.Your fir.docxrowthechang
Please create an outline of the work you've done so far.
Your first task is to post your own Key Assignment Outline to the discussion area so that other students are able to review your plan. Attach your document to the main discussion post, and include any notes you feel are appropriate. The purpose of this assignment is to help improve the quality of the Key Assignment Draft you will complete next week.
.
Please complete in APA Format. 3-6 Pages in lengthScenarioYou ha.docxrowthechang
Please complete in APA Format. 3-6 Pages in length
Scenario
You have been asked to be the project manager for the development of an information technology (IT) project. The system to be developed will allow a large company to coordinate and maintain records of the professional development of its employees. The company has over 30,000 employees who are located in four sites: Florida, Colorado, Illinois, and Texas. The system needs to allow employees to locate and schedule professional development activities that are relevant to their positions. Sophisticated search capabilities are required, and the ability to add scheduled events to the employees’ calendars is desired. The system needs to support social networking to allow employees to determine who is attending conferences and events. This will promote fostering relationships and ensure coverage of conferences that are considered of high importance.
Once an activity has been completed, employees will use the system to submit the documentation. The system should support notifications to management personnel whenever their direct reports have submitted documentation. The system should also notify employees if their deadline to complete professional-development requirements is approaching and is not yet satisfied.
Project Scope Management Plan
For the given scenario, create a project scope management plan that will detail how the project scope will be defined, managed, and controlled to prevent scope creep. The plan may also include how the scope will be communicated to all stakeholders.
Project Scope
After you have the project scope management plan developed, define the project scope.
.
Please complete the below500 word paper on the below section to .docxrowthechang
The document requests a 500 word paper describing proposed business process changes for a system along with flow diagrams, and a specific discussion of any internet and mobile access components.
Please confirm access to course textbook Haight, J. M. (Ed.). (20.docxrowthechang
Please confirm access to course textbook:
Haight, J. M. (Ed.). (2012).
Hazardous material management and hazard communication.
Des Plaines, IL: American Society of Safety Engineers.
Please list references, citations, etc. at the end of each answer. I do not need a paper written. Please number answers to each question.
.
Please choose one of the following questions to answer 1. What .docxrowthechang
Please choose one of the following questions to answer:
1.
What accounts for the proliferation of rural utopian communities in nineteenth-century America?
2. Why did women take such a prominent role in the reform movement?
3.
How did the abolitionists’ proposals and methods differ from those of earlier antislavery movements? Why did those proposals and methods arouse such hostility in the South and in the North?
4. How would you explain the large and expanding domestic trade in slaves between 1800 and 1860? What combination of factors produced this result?
.
Please complete the required federal individual income tax return fo.docxrowthechang
Please complete the required federal individual income tax return forms for Bob and Melissa Grant for the 2013 tax year.
Ignore the requirement to attach the form(s) W-2 to the front page of the Form 1040.
If required information is missing, use reasonable assumptions to fill in the gaps.
Bob (age 43) and Melissa Grant (age 43) are married and live in Lexington, Kentucky.
The Grants have two children Jared, age 15, and Alese, age 12.
The Grants would like to file a joint tax return for the year.
The following information relates to the Grants’ tax year
:
•
Bob’s Social Security number is 987-45-1234
•
Melissa’s Social Security number is 494-37-4893
•
Jared’s Social Security number is 412-32-5690
•
Alese’s Social Security number is 412-32-6940
•
The Grants’ mailing address is 95 Hickory Road, Lexington, Kentucky 40502.
•
Jared and Alese are tax dependents for federal tax purposes
Bob Grant received the following during the year:
Employer
Gross Wages
Federal Income Tax Withheld
State Income Tax Withheld
National Storage
$66,200
$8,000
$3,750
Lexington Little League$
2,710
$
0
$
0
Melissa Grant received the following during the year
:
Employer
Gross Wages
Federal Income Tax Withheld
State Income Tax Withheld
Jensen Photography
$24,500
$2,450
$1,225
All applicable and appropriate payroll taxes were withheld by Grants’ respective employers.
The Grants also received the following during the year:
Interest income from First Kentucky Bank
$130
Interest income from City of Lexington, KY Bond
$450
Interest income from U.S. Treasury Bond
$675
Interest income from Nevada State School Board Bond
$150
Dividends from Target Corporation Common Stock
$2,100
Workers’ compensation payments to Bob
$4,350
Disability payments received by Bob on account of injury
$3,500
•
National Storage paid 100% of the premiums on the policy and included the premium payments in Bob’s taxable wages
Receipt of payment by Melissa as a result of a lawsuit for damages sustained in a car accident:
•
Medical Expenses
$2,500
•
Emotional Distress
$12,000
•
Punitive Damages
$10,000
Total
$24,500
Eight years ago, Melissa purchased an annuity contract for $88,000.
She received her first annuity payment on January 1, 2013.
The annuity will pay Melissa $15,000 per year for ten years (beginning with this year).
The $15,000 payment was reported to Melissa on Form 1099-R for the current year (box 7 contained an entry of “7” on the form).
The Grants did not own, control or manage any foreign bank accounts nor were they a grantor or beneficiary of a foreign trust during the tax year.
The Grants paid or incurred the following expenses during the year:
Dentist/Orthodontist (unreimbursed by insurance)
$10,500
Doctors (unreimbursed by insurance)
$
625
Prescriptions (unreimbursed by insurance)
$
380
KY state tax payment made on 4/15/13 for 2012 liability
$
1,350
Real property taxes on residence
$
1,800
Vehicle registration fee based upon .
please complete this homework and send me the answers by tonight..docxrowthechang
please complete this homework and send me the answers by tonight.
Question 25
When considering a rational appeal argument, statistics:
Answer are data showing how much, how many, or how often.
are always trusted, so they should always be used.
are always clear to readers.
are always from reliable sources, never from your own investigations.
.
2 points
Question 26
Which of the following uses of an adjective or an adverb is CORRECT?
Answer Eating good is always Uncle Bill's motivation.
Knowing her studies well was her focus.
I want to go to see that movie so bad.
He felt badly because of his cold.
.
2 points
Question 27
Which of the following adjective or adverb double comparisons is CORRECT?
Answer He was the most smartest man I ever knew.
Lindsey watched the scariest movie ever.
When I was in Europe, I went to the most coolest sites there were.
I was the more littler of my brothers and sisters.
.
2 points
Question 28
When organizing your draft, you want to avoid:
Answer creating labeled flexible notes.
developing a rough plan-a list of points in order.
holding yourself to that draft and rigidly refusing to revise.
writing a quick draft to find your focus and pattern.
.
2 points
Question 29
Which of the following BEST describes personal experience, a kind of evidence used in rational appeal arguments?
Answer The only kind of personal experience is your own.
Using personal experience as your evidence is the only evidence that you will need to be persuasive.
Personal experience can deliver an argumentative message more forcefully than other kinds of arguments.
Readers always accept personal experience as quality evidence.
.
2 points
Question 30
Which of the following demonstrates a CORRECT use of quotation marks?
Answer My mother often said something like "life is hard."
"When you come for dinner," she said insistently, "we will catch up on all our lost years."
I was the only one to read Shakespeare's "MacBeth" as a comedy.
He questions everything, often saying "What do you mean by that"?
.
Question 31
Which of the following statements about plagiarism is TRUE?
Answer Plagiarism is a somewhat serious offense.
The academic world is committed to protecting ethics and integrity in the transmission of information.
Freedom of information and inquiry come with the obligation of academic dishonesty.
Documentation styles exist as a way of complicating student's academic lives.
.
2 points
Question 32
Which of the following is NOT a type of definition you might use in a definition essay?
Answer Essential definition
Synonyms
Extended
Antonyms
.
2 points
Question 33
Which of the follow is NOT a mixed sentence?
Answer An idea like that one would be a great situation in which to be.
An extension is when an instructor gives you more time to complete an assignment.
The reason that I was late getting to your party was .
Please choose one of the following questions to answer1. What a.docxrowthechang
Please choose one of the following questions to answer:
1.
What accounts for the proliferation of rural utopian communities in nineteenth-century America?
2. Why did women take such a prominent role in the reform movement?
3.
How did the abolitionists’ proposals and methods differ from those of earlier antislavery movements? Why did those proposals and methods arouse such hostility in the South and in the North?
4. How would you explain the large and expanding domestic trade in slaves between 1800 and 1860? What combination of factors produced this result?
.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This week our forum looks at the foundations of where we learn t.docx
1. This week our forum looks at the foundations of where we learn
to become parents. Please answer both parts within your initial
posting. Remember to review grading feedback from previous
week to improve your discussion this week. Follow the rubric
when you develop your posting.
As for all forum questions, please use the forum question to
guide your discussion and write your post in a paragraph(s)
format. You do not want to repost the question and then insert
your answer. Using references to support your work is important
that correct APA format uses in-text citations.
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
1. We learn parenting skills from many places. Perhaps our
biggest influence on our attitude towards parenting is from our
parents and how we were raised. We also are influenced by
media, science, religion, and other sources. In your
observation, how have any of these sources influenced
parenting, in general, today
2. Pick a theory from this list (Erikson’s Lifespan Theory of
Development, Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory of
Development, Jean Piaget’s Constructivist Theory, or Socio-
Culture Theory of Lev Vygotsky) and apply it to either how you
were raised or how you will (would) raise your own children?
Initial posts are due by 11:59 PM on Wednesday
2 Reply posts are due by 11:59 PM on Sunday
https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/education-
common/Universal/CHFD/331/elf/lesson-2/elf_index.html
2. As we learnt in Lesson 1, a parent’s own childhood and
parenting experiences influence their parenting approach. In
fact, when surveyed, over half of all parents admitted that their
parenting style is greatly affected by the way they were
parented themselves (Lerner & Ciervo, 2010). However, 30
percent of surveyed parents indicated that the way they were
parented had a moderate impact on the personal parenting style.
Although that amounts to just over 80 percent of surveyed
parents, parents also have media, historical patterns, and
scientific research to inform their parenting style. This lesson
will first examine the influences on parental style and then will
explore the many different theories that exist (and have
historically evolved) regarding parenting.
Topics to be covered include:
· Influences on parenting style
· Theories on parenting style
· Theories on children’s growth and development
CONTINUE
Influences on Parental Style Besides Upbringing
· MEDIA
·
HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS
Media resources are a significant source of information for
parents. Increased access to and the speed of technology has put
a wide range of information within close reach of many
3. parents—especially ones who have disposable incomes that
permit internet access. Parents can easily look up parenting
websites that can advise on topics such as developmental stages,
how to soothe sick babies, and when to call the doctor. Websites
can also highlight issues in parenting and childcare and
encourage debates that make parents think.
Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter allow
parents to maintain close contact with family, peers, and other
parents to seek advice or share updates. Parents can create blogs
where they chronicle their learnings as a parent and encourage
other parents to post comments. However, parents need to judge
the accuracy of the information placed on websites and be aware
that commercial sites are often trying to sell products rather
than educate. Besides what is now to be considered “traditional”
computer use, where the parent researches on his or her
personal computer or laptop, the advent and importance of the
smartphone impacts the number of parents that are able to
research using the World Wide Web. According to Smith’s
(2015) recent research, two-thirds (64 percent) of American
adults now own a smartphone. Other media such as radio,
television, magazines, and newspapers are also resources for
parents to learn about current issues in parenting.
Media resources are a significant source of information for
parents. Increased access to and the speed of technology has put
a wide range of information within close reach of many
parents—especially ones who have disposable incomes that
permit internet access. Parents can easily look up parenting
websites that can advise on topics such as developmental stages,
how to soothe sick babies, and when to call the doctor. Websites
can also highlight issues in parenting and childcare and
encourage debates that make parents think.
Social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter allow
parents to maintain close contact with family, peers, and other
4. parents to seek advice or share updates. Parents can create blogs
where they chronicle their learnings as a parent and encourage
other parents to post comments. However, parents need to judge
the accuracy of the information placed on websites and be aware
that commercial sites are often trying to sell products rather
than educate. Besides what is now to be considered “traditional”
computer use, where the parent researches on his or her
personal computer or laptop, the advent and importance of the
smartphone impacts the number of parents that are able to
research using the World Wide Web. According to Smith’s
(2015) recent research, two-thirds (64 percent) of American
adults now own a smartphone. Other media such as radio,
television, magazines, and newspapers are also resources for
parents to learn about current issues in parenting.
Advances in Science and Technology
Advances in science and technology have shown the importance
of effective parenting techniques and strategies that help
children to grow. These advances have helped to understand the
parents' critical role as sensitive caregivers who not only
promote children's growth but buffer children from the effects
of negative genes and negative life experiences. They also help
to understand the complexity of the growth process and the need
for parental involvement in more areas and for longer times
than previously thought.
A parent’s daily interactions with a child can foster positive
self-esteem, intellectual growth, and self-regulation behaviors
that will help the child reach his or her full potential. Sensitive
parents who are observant and flexible to the innate needs of the
child’s temperament can help the child develop essential life
skills and qualities. Knowledge of genetics, neurobiology,
temperament, and cognitive development help parents
understand their child’s development better and help them
foster positive behaviors and self-esteem within the child.
5. To illustrate these points, let us look at advances in genetics,
neurobiology, and temperament.
Genetics
Genetic research has revealed that each human has up to 25,000
genes and each gene is more versatile than previously thought.
Genes can produce several proteins depending on messages they
receive from other cells, other genes, and hormones triggered by
the environment. Genes not only produce chemical changes in
their environment, the environment triggers changes in the ways
genes function and the proteins they produce. The focus now is
on the operations of the gene, and the dynamic interplay
between DNA and its environment (Brooks, 2013).
Scientists discovered that there are three influences on a gene—
a gene’s specific function, chemical changes in the body, and
the environmental effects of parenting. Research has
demonstrated that a child’s genetic make-up affects the way
they respond to parent’s behaviors. Certain insensitive or
negative parenting behaviors will increase behaviors like
aggression. Alternatively, positive and sensitive parenting
behaviors can reduce the impact of traumatic experiences on
children (Brooks, 2013).
Neurobiology
· NEW TECHNOLOGIES
·
BRAIN DEVELOPMENT
·
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING (EF) SKILLS
6. ·
SLEEP PATTERNS
Huttenlocher (2002) through his brain research revealed that
each skill or concept learned must continue with practice for the
child so that the connections in the brain are maintained and
eventually, matured. Much has been learned about the brain in
the last 25 years and it has been driven by neuroimaging brain
techniques. The most advanced neuroimaging technique is the
functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). It has been
studied and replicated that children can be introduced to a
concept over a course of a few days but if this concept is not
revisited within a short time frame, the brain will actually erase
(prune) those neural pathways. In essence, the child will have
no memory of the task or of the memory. In order to myelinate
(or harden) and neural pathway to the point of muscle memory,
a child must be exposed to a concept multiple times (anywhere
from 21-49 times) in a variety of settings and experiences to
truly learn a task. Beck, Kucan, and McKeown (2002) first cited
this research and understood it at a basic level, coining the term
as “fast mapping” but many researchers like Marzano (2005)
took the concept further and began to research and understand
what it took to learn a new skill or concept to that muscle
memory level. It is that same level that Huttenlocker was
discussing when he noted that another significant finding is that
there are no critical periods of learning that close after a certain
period, however there are optimal periods of learning for the
child where instruction and practice have the best results
(Brooks, 2013). The last finding of Huttenlocker is that to
nourish learning, children must have periods of instruction and
periods of rest and time to integrate learning. This knowledge
can reinforce to parents the importance of practicing the lessons
of early childhood as well as the importance of play. The brain
needs both stimulation and rest to grow.
7. Temperament
Temperament refers to biologically based differences in how
children react to stimulation or triggers within their
environment. Parenting behaviors can have different impacts
based on a child’s temperament or perception of the world.
Research has demonstrated that parents must observe their
child’s needs and individualize their parenting techniques and
approaches to take into account their child’s temperamental
qualities, especially if their child has more significant behavior
needs. A one-size parenting approach does not meet all needs
(Brooks, 2013).
Knowledge Check
·
Advances in science and technology have shown the importance
of effective parenting techniques and strategies that help
children to grow. Select the areas of advancement that have
impacted parenting:
Top of Form
o Genetics
o X-rays
o The study of the role of excitement in the brain.
Bottom of Form
THEORIES ON CHILDREN'S GROWTH AND
DEVELOPMENT‹
8. 1/5
›
· There are certain sets of theories that describe the growth and
developmental stages of children. These theories can help
parents understand how to interact with their children to provide
appropriate experiences to help them develop physically,
socially, intellectually, and emotionally. These theories also
help the parent to understand the range of behaviors and
achievements they may be able to expect at different stages of
their child’s life.
Parenting Theories on Children's Inner Qualities
There are certain sets of theories that describe the growth and
developmental stages of children. These theories can help
parents understand how to interact with their children to provide
appropriate experiences to help them develop physically,
socially, intellectually, and emotionally. These theories also
help the parent to understand the range of behaviors and
achievements they may be able to expect at different stages of
their child’s life.
There are three major theories when it comes to the
development of a child’s inner qualities--evolutionary
development theory, Piaget’s constructivist theory and Freud’s
theory of psychosexual development.
Evolutionary Development Theory
This theory examines and emphasizes how the evolutionary
heritage influences current behaviors. Evolutionary
psychologists draw on Darwin’s concept of natural selection,
which is the process where adaptive characteristics increase in a
group because those behaviors allow the individual to survive,
grow to maturity, reproduce and then pass along their genes to
9. the next generation. Evolutionary psychologists provide insights
about contemporary social life by showing how our human
genetic history influences our needs and behavior today.
In today’s terms, advantages are evident in those children
whose parents make a heavy investment in parenting. When a
child grows up in an amicable family, with resources to provide
many opportunities for learning and development, children
postpone sexual activity and mating, produce fewer children,
and invest heavily in those they have. On the other hand, when
children grow up in conflicted families with limited resources
and few opportunities for skill development, they reach puberty
early, invest heavily in sexual and mating behaviors, and invest
less in parenting behaviors. One way to increase parental
investment for those growing up in families with limited
resources is to provide opportunities for growth and
development.
Piaget's Constructivist Theory
Jean Piaget emphasized that a child thinks about the world
differently from adults and the focus of this theory was a
child’s active construction of knowledge. Under constructivist
theory, intellectual growth is viewed as a constant interplay of
acquiring new information (assimilation) and modifying the
current internal structures (accommodation) to achieve a
balance between the child’s concept of the world and the world
itself. Equilibration is the active process by which a child
achieves that effective balance between the two.
ASSIMILATION
ACCOMMODATION
EQUILIBRATION
10. Piaget described child development as occurring into the
following four distinct periods with distinct abilities to process
information.
SENSORY–MOTOR PERIOD (0–24 MONTHS)
PREOPERATIONAL PERIOD (2–7 YEARS)
CONCRETE OPERATIONS PERIOD (7–14 YEARS)
FORMAL OPERATIONS PERIOD (14 YEARS–ADULTHOOD)
Piaget’s theory helps parents understand that they must take
into account the child’s ability to process information when
they interact. Children need many opportunities to explore
objects, pretend play, and think and talk about their thoughts.
These opportunities help them to grow intellectually.
Freud's Theory of Psychosexual Development
Sigmund Freud proposed that many adult emotional difficulties
come from anxieties concerning early childhood experiences.
While treating many adults with emotional issues, he observed
that he could trace many of the adult symptoms to anxieties
about experiences that occurred in early childhood. He believed
that the experiences that occurred in early childhood had life-
long lasting effects on adults’ personalities. Freud focused on
children’s impulses, particularly sexual impulses and their
sources of gratification. He viewed children as pleasure-seeking
creatures who tamed their impulses to meet parental and
societal demands. Freud divided childhood into the following
five stages; each stage is named after the areas of the body that
were the primary source of stimulation and gratification at that
time.
11. 1. Oral: Feeding development. This focused on the pleasures of
nursing and receiving food.
2. Anal: Toilet training. This focused on the pleasures
associated with the tightening and releasing of the anal
musculature.
3. Phallic: Preschool genital stimulation and Oedipal complex.
This focused on the pleasures of genital stimulation overtaking
the oral and anal gratifications.
4. Latency: Early elementary years when sexual feelings are
thought to be dormant.
5. Genital: Adolescence is centered around sexual pleasures and
gratifications when a child develops fully.
Freud’s theory was based upon the idea that a child’s
development of their “adult personality” was driven by the
child’s attempts at gratification of impulses in each of the
stages, as well as others’ reactions to their behaviors.
Freud never gave direct advice to parents; however, he
emphasized the importance of appropriate gratification of
children's natural impulses—demand feeding, permissive
attitudes about thumb sucking and toilet training, acceptable
outlets for aggressive impulses—without criticism or
punishment. His theory does help parents to understand (1)
Children have internal needs that drive behavior and neither
they nor their parents have complete control, and (2) parents
have a powerful role in understanding children's inner needs and
helping them find acceptable ways to gratify their impulses;
parents are authoritative guides and supporters on the path to
maturity, not generals commanding the course of growth.
Freud also believed the human personality is made up of three
12. parts.
· THE ID
·
THE EGO
·
THE SUPEREGO
The id is the impulsive, biological state infants are born into
and they demand satisfaction immediately.
Knowledge Check
·
Theories that involve only inner qualities of the child suggest
that:
Top of Form
o Inner qualities of the child have a major impact on child
growth and development.
o External influences do not matter.
o External influences do not exist.
o Inner qualities are a bigger influence on the development of
the child.
Bottom of Form
Parenting Theories Emphasizing Both Internal and External
13. Influences
The theories discussed in this section emphasize that interaction
between the child’s own inner qualities, their genes, and their
environmental and social factors shape the child’s growth. The
parents take active roles to manage the effects of these forces in
the child’s life.
ERIKSON’S LIFESPAN OF DEVELOPMENT
Erikson expanded upon Freud’s five stages of child
development into eight stages of life. The following table
outlines Erikson’s eight stages of life.
Within these eight stages of life, the individual goes through
positive and negative experiences that lead the individual to
develop positive or negative attitudes about themselves at that
life stage. The individual will experience growth, but he or she
needs support from the environment to achieve it. More positive
experiences help the individual develop positive attitudes and
qualities.
An individual who works through difficulties within each life
stage will develop certain virtues or strengths. Erikson believed
that an individual could have recurring problems or negative
attitudes at different stages in life due to ongoing stress.
Positive experiences in childhood can help an individual solve
problems later on, in adulthood. Erikson’s theory can help
parents realize that children are adaptive individuals who can
grow to be independent. They continue to develop
psychologically throughout adulthood and they can continue to
work through difficulties. Parenting is important for the parent
who provides and for the child who experiences it (Brooks,
2013).
ERIKSON’S THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
14. Age
Conflict
Resolution or “Virtue”
Culmination in Old Age
Infancy (0-1 year)
Trust versus Mistrust
Hope
Appreciation of interdependence and relatedness
Early Childhood (1-3 years)
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Purpose
15. Humor, empathy, resilience
Preschool Age (3-6years)
Initiative versus Guilt
Will
Humility, acceptance of the
School Age (6-12 years)
Industry versus Inferiority
Competence
Humility, acceptance of the course of one’s life and unfulfilled
hopes
Adolescence (12-18 years)
16. Identity versus Confusion
Fidelity
Sense of complexity of life, merging of sensory, logical and
aesthetic perception
Early Adulthood (18-35 Years)
Intimacy versus Isolation
Love
Sense of complexity of relationships, value of tenderness, and
loving freely
Middle Adulthood (35-65 years)
Generativity versus Stagnation
Care
Caritas, caring for others, agape, empathy and concern
17. Old Age (65 years+)
Ego integrity versus Despair
Wisdom
Existential identity, sense of integrity strong enough to
withstand physical disintegration
Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory of Development
This theory uses a framework of Processes–Person–Context–
Time (PPCT) to describe the interaction between the child’s
inner qualities and the environment as he or she develops and
grows.
Bronfenbrenner’s framework sought to highlight to parents the
influence of forces such as economic factors, work policies,
historical events on parenting, and the importance of stability
and regularity in a child’s life (Brooks, 2013).
PROCESS
PERSON
CONTEXT
18. TIME
Family Systems Theory
This theory describes the family as a system that consists of
interdependent members who interact and respond to each other.
Within this system are the influences of the quality of the
relationships between parent and child, sibling and sibling,
parent and parent, parent and families of origin, grandparents
and grandchildren, and parents and coworkers and friends.
Within the family system, members are trying to maintain
relationships, be supportive, and accommodate needs. When an
event occurs to one family member, there will be a ripple effect
to other members. This causes stress within the family.
Hill, (1949), uses the ABC-X model to describe the process that
occurs when families respond to a change in the family or an
external, stressful event. A stressor event occurs (represented
by letter A). The level of stress the family experiences (X) is
dependent upon the family’s resources (B) for coping with the
event and the family’s perceptions (C) of that event. So the
level of stress (X) that is triggered by a stressor event (A)
varies from family to family depending on the B and C factors.
Parental resources (B) include parents' abilities and strengths
and the resources and strengths of the extended family and
community. When these resources are positive, parents are
better able to cope with stress, but when these resources are
negative or lacking, then families are vulnerable and find
coping difficult or impossible, and the family's functioning
decreases. The two most important resources in families are the
parents’ marital relationship and support from extended family
and the community. When these resources are positive assets,
families can cope with any stress as we shall see in subsequent
19. lessons, and when they are absent or negative, families have
increased stress. Resources are potential sources of help or
hindrance until they are drawn upon. Many families have
identical levels of resources, but one family uses them, and
another family does not (Brooks, 2013).
Parents’ perceptions (C) of stressor events play a large role in
determining parents’ level of stress, especially when it comes to
dealing with children’s behaviors. Parents’ perceptions, rooted
in their past experiences, their cultural traditions, and family
and community expectations, play an especially powerful role in
determining the meaning or significance of their children’s
behaviors. For example, Asian parents have a favorable view of
their child's shyness, seeing it as a sign of the child's sensitivity
and cautiousness, and so they are positive and supportive of
their shy children whereas North American parents view their
child's shyness negatively as it does not meet the culture’s
expectation of independence and social outgoingness so they are
critical and sometimes rejecting. The children’s behavior is the
same, but the parents’ view of it changes its significance
(Brooks, 2013).
Cultural traditions, past experiences, and family expectations
can also influence the parents’ perceptions of the level of
severity of the stressful event. The same event can have
different stress levels on two different families depending on
those influences. To cope with stress, families have the coping
strategies to change the event, change their perception of the
event and how to deal with it, or manage their feelings by
seeking support emotionally.
Peterson, Hennon, and Knox (2000) use the family systems
theory views on stress to understand the stress that parents
experience.
They highlight the following three types of stress that parents
20. experience in the process of parenting:
NORMATIVE STRESSORS
NON-NORMATIVE STRESSORS
CHRONIC STRESSORS
As identified in family stress theory, the most important
resources for parents to cope with stress include a secure
marital relationship and family and community support. Parents
who do not have these supports or choose not to use them will
have increased stress. Cultural traditions and family and
community expectations affect a parent’s perception of the
severity of the stress. Parents cope with stress by direct action
to change the situation, using their supports to help manage
their feelings and sometimes reframe the stressors to view them
as challenges and opportunities to pursue parent education
programs.
Knowledge Check
·
Major theories that emphasize both internal and external
influences include the following:
Top of Form
o Erikson’s Lifespan of Development
o Piaget’s Constructivist Theory
o Neuroimaging
o Freud’s Divisions of Human Personality
21. Bottom of Form
“Relations between Physiological and Cognitive Regulatory
Systems: Infant Sleep Regulation and Subsequent Executive
Functioning,”
Child Development 81
(2010): 1739–1752.
Brooks, J. (2013) The process of parenting, 9th Edition.
McGraw-Hill Learning
Solution
s.
Hill, R. (1949).
Families under Stress
. New York, Harper and Row.
Huttenlocher, P.R. (2002). Neural plasticity: The effects of
environment on the development of the cerebral cortex.
Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press
.
Lerner, C., & Ciervo, L. (n.d.). Parenting Young Children
22. Today: What the Research Tells Us, Zero to Three (J), 2010-
Mar. Retrieved from
http://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ915260
Marzano, R.J. (2005). Building academic vocabulary: Teacher’s
manual. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
Peterson, G.W., Hennon, C.B. and Knox, T. (2000).
Conceptualizing parenting stress with Family Stress Theory. In
McKenry, P. C., & Price, S. J. (Eds).
Families & change: Coping with stressful events and transitions
. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Pollock, L. A. (1983, 1993). Forgotten children: Parent-child
relations from 1500 to 1900.
Cambridge: University Press
.
Smith, A. (2015, April 1). A Portrait of SmartPhone Ownership.
Retrieved from
http://www.pewresearch.org/
Image Attributions
23. All graphics are public domain images or stock images from
123RF.