This document discusses overdependence on digital technology by children under age 12 and proposes an intervention called QT to promote healthy media consumption. It provides background on increasing technology access and usage among young children. While technology offers benefits, excessive early use is linked to physical, psychological, and developmental issues. The automatic thinking encouraged by fast-paced media disrupts concentration and comprehension. Parents are uncertain about risks due to limited experience but see educational benefits, and moderate usage through rules but struggle with implementation due to their own tech habits. The proposed QT intervention aims to inform parents to improve children's health, development, learning, and social skills.
The document discusses online market research and its advantages over traditional methods. It provides examples of online surveys and focus groups. Some tips for effective online research include recruiting respondents rather than allowing voluntary participation to avoid biases, recognizing the limitations of online research, and applying the same standards of traditional research. Online research has grown and can be used to reach diverse populations and test advertising concepts efficiently.
Marketing online shopping - consumer’s perception on online shoppingRadhe Jha
This document appears to be a dissertation report on consumer perceptions of online shopping in India. It includes an introduction that provides background on the growth of online shopping in India. The introduction discusses how online activities like shopping, banking, employment searches, and travel booking are growing significantly. It also outlines key factors driving online adoption in India like increasing internet penetration, lower costs, and changing consumer attitudes. The dissertation will examine factors that influence Indian consumers' online shopping perceptions and behaviors through a survey analysis.
This document outlines the steps involved in defining a marketing research problem and developing an approach to solve it. It discusses conducting a problem audit, developing research questions and hypotheses, and specifying the necessary information. An example is provided of Subaru defining its problem of expanding market share by determining customer needs, how existing products meet those needs, identifying underserved segments, and learning about segment attributes and profiles. The process involves discussing the problem with decision makers, analyzing secondary data, and developing an analytical framework to guide the research approach.
Strategic Management Presentation on Porter's Five forcesDivyansh Kaushik
This presentation was made to understand the influence of porter's five forces on the industries. it includes a special reference of the banking industry through the analysis.
Idp presentation on Consumer Behavior towards online shopping in Jamnagar cityDarshana Chauhan
This document summarizes a research report on consumer behavior towards online shopping in Jamnagar City, India. The report was prepared by two students under the guidance of a professor. It includes an introduction to online shopping, literature review on the topic, research objectives and design, data collection methods, findings, suggestions and conclusions. The key findings are that Amazon is the most preferred website, discounts strongly influence purchases, and faster delivery is important to consumers. Suggestions include developing mobile apps and improving website design and delivery speed.
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social...Sparkles Soft
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social media websites.
Writer
Jahanzeb Khan
SPARKLES SOFT
www.sparklessoft.com
MobileWhatsApp/Viber: 00923004604250
00923124604250
Skype sparkles.soft
Vonage/Viber 00923004604250
thesis help, uk dissertation help, custom thesis writing in uk, uk mba thesis,
What do you believe are the greatest challenges facing the sector or industry you would like to specialize in at IE? What role do you hope to be able to play in this sector or industry in the medium term?
Evolution of the biopsychosocial model: prospects and challenges for health p...ellen1066
The document discusses the evolution and current state of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology. It finds that while advances have been made in specifying connections between biological, psychological, and social processes, more can be done to understand and utilize linkages among these variables. Specifically, the biopsychosocial model has not been fully embraced by the medical establishment or implemented in all health psychology research. The document recommends initiatives to better facilitate a multisystem, multilevel approach as envisioned by the biopsychosocial perspective.
The document discusses online market research and its advantages over traditional methods. It provides examples of online surveys and focus groups. Some tips for effective online research include recruiting respondents rather than allowing voluntary participation to avoid biases, recognizing the limitations of online research, and applying the same standards of traditional research. Online research has grown and can be used to reach diverse populations and test advertising concepts efficiently.
Marketing online shopping - consumer’s perception on online shoppingRadhe Jha
This document appears to be a dissertation report on consumer perceptions of online shopping in India. It includes an introduction that provides background on the growth of online shopping in India. The introduction discusses how online activities like shopping, banking, employment searches, and travel booking are growing significantly. It also outlines key factors driving online adoption in India like increasing internet penetration, lower costs, and changing consumer attitudes. The dissertation will examine factors that influence Indian consumers' online shopping perceptions and behaviors through a survey analysis.
This document outlines the steps involved in defining a marketing research problem and developing an approach to solve it. It discusses conducting a problem audit, developing research questions and hypotheses, and specifying the necessary information. An example is provided of Subaru defining its problem of expanding market share by determining customer needs, how existing products meet those needs, identifying underserved segments, and learning about segment attributes and profiles. The process involves discussing the problem with decision makers, analyzing secondary data, and developing an analytical framework to guide the research approach.
Strategic Management Presentation on Porter's Five forcesDivyansh Kaushik
This presentation was made to understand the influence of porter's five forces on the industries. it includes a special reference of the banking industry through the analysis.
Idp presentation on Consumer Behavior towards online shopping in Jamnagar cityDarshana Chauhan
This document summarizes a research report on consumer behavior towards online shopping in Jamnagar City, India. The report was prepared by two students under the guidance of a professor. It includes an introduction to online shopping, literature review on the topic, research objectives and design, data collection methods, findings, suggestions and conclusions. The key findings are that Amazon is the most preferred website, discounts strongly influence purchases, and faster delivery is important to consumers. Suggestions include developing mobile apps and improving website design and delivery speed.
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social...Sparkles Soft
Impact of social branding on purchase intention: An empirical study of social media websites.
Writer
Jahanzeb Khan
SPARKLES SOFT
www.sparklessoft.com
MobileWhatsApp/Viber: 00923004604250
00923124604250
Skype sparkles.soft
Vonage/Viber 00923004604250
thesis help, uk dissertation help, custom thesis writing in uk, uk mba thesis,
What do you believe are the greatest challenges facing the sector or industry you would like to specialize in at IE? What role do you hope to be able to play in this sector or industry in the medium term?
Evolution of the biopsychosocial model: prospects and challenges for health p...ellen1066
The document discusses the evolution and current state of the biopsychosocial model in health psychology. It finds that while advances have been made in specifying connections between biological, psychological, and social processes, more can be done to understand and utilize linkages among these variables. Specifically, the biopsychosocial model has not been fully embraced by the medical establishment or implemented in all health psychology research. The document recommends initiatives to better facilitate a multisystem, multilevel approach as envisioned by the biopsychosocial perspective.
The document discusses various strategies for achieving sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). It defines competitive advantage and discusses approaches like strategic vision, strategic opportunism, and a combined vision-opportunism approach. Porter's generic strategies of low cost, differentiation, and focus are explained. Other approaches like preemptive moves and synergies are also summarized. Specific strategies like quality option, brand building, strategic positioning, and first-mover advantages through innovation are provided as examples. Risks of strategic stubbornness and strategic drift are also highlighted.
IIT Delhi - Project Report on ONLINE purchasing behaviour of consumersV Tripathi
This project report summarizes research conducted on the online buying behavior of consumers between ages 18-30 for clothes. A questionnaire was designed and administered online and in-person to 106 respondents. The objectives of the research were to determine the factors influencing online buying, identify consumer profiles, understand product categories and buying decisions, and analyze average spending and purchase frequency. Exploratory research identified key factors like frequency, payment methods, and amount spent per purchase. Data analysis methods applied to the survey responses included cross tabulation, regression analysis, ANOVA, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis with cluster, and factor analysis. The results aimed to provide insights to help marketers understand online consumer segments and how to target them more effectively.
Management is one of the key requirements for an organization. It forms one of the most important paradigm for the organization and it is something which determines the success of an organization. In an organization there are a large number of different management related operations such as operations management, human resource management, Research & Development, Leadership development, finance management and a number of other departments. It is the management which formulates the strategies for the organization to function in a proper manner. Thus, management forms to be a key feature for an organization. In this research paper, we have identified the management culture in Google, which is one of the largest software company in the world. In order to identify the same, we have studied their management culture which is followed there along with the management strategies which are formulated in operations department, human resource management and their organizational culture.
This document analyzes online shopping behavior in India based on a survey conducted. Some key findings include:
- Males and females participate equally in online shopping. Most respondents are employed but students make up 27%.
- Over 50% of respondents search for product information online at least weekly.
- Discounts, wide product selection, and convenience are the top reasons for choosing online shopping.
- Respondents agree that online shopping saves time and money compared to traditional shopping.
- The most popular products purchased online are tickets, electronics, and books.
- Most respondents find online product/service information excellent or good.
- Payment methods like debit cards and net banking are preferred over cash on
Samsung & Micromax -comparative Marketing analysis of Mobile handset industry RAHUL KUMAR
This document provides profiles of some of the major players in the Indian mobile handset industry. It discusses Micromax, which has a 22% market share and was founded in 2008, pursuing a low-cost strategy. Samsung has a 20% market share and was established in India in 1995. It is known for innovative smartphones. Gionee focuses on R&D, production and sales of mobile devices. Nokia, now owned by Microsoft, was previously a leader but struggled in the smartphone market, partnering with Microsoft in 2011. The profiles provide background on each company's founding, product lines, market share and strategies in the Indian mobile handset industry.
This document discusses stakeholder engagement and financial inclusion. It notes that stakeholders include customers, who are important for a company's value and survival. Creating meaningful interactions between stakeholders allows for shared objectives and solutions. The document also discusses the importance of financial inclusion and access to a variety of financial services for low-income groups to help mitigate risks and vulnerabilities. Barriers to financial inclusion include lack of identity proof, remoteness, and financial illiteracy.
Consumer buying behaviour towards Online Retail: Flipkart v AmazonJubin James
This document is a project report by Jubin Jose James submitted to the New Delhi Institute of Management in partial fulfillment of a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report studies consumer buying behavior towards online retail marketers. It includes an introduction to the online retail industry in India, a literature review, research methodology, data analysis, findings, suggestions and conclusions. It also acknowledges the guidance of Ms. Ritu Talwar and includes a certificate, declaration, contents page and bibliography.
The document discusses online shopping and consumer behavior related to online purchases. It begins by defining online shopping as purchasing goods and services directly from sellers over the internet without an intermediary. It notes that online shopping allows consumers to shop from home and purchase a variety of items. However, it also discusses issues with fraudulent activities and fears among consumers. The objectives of the study are to understand consumer satisfaction levels with online purchases and the reasons for purchasing online. It will use a descriptive research methodology with a sample size of 50 respondents selected through convenient sampling to understand consumer behaviors related to online shopping.
The document discusses the role of packaging in online shopping. It notes that while packaging plays an important role in protecting products and communicating brands in physical stores, its role changes in online shopping where the primary purpose after purchase is protection during shipping. However, packaging still influences consumer behavior and loyalty online. Marketers are exploring opportunities to enhance the online shopping experience through packaging, such as ensuring it matches what was shown online or creating memorable unboxing experiences. While packaging may become less important at the point of online purchase, it can boost consumer satisfaction upon delivery.
consumer attitude towards online shopping and their satisfactionRam Babu
This document provides a research project report on consumer attitudes towards online shopping and satisfaction in India. It includes an introduction to the growing field of e-commerce in India, objectives and methodology for the study, data collection and analysis, findings and conclusions. The study found that factors like information availability, perceived usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment and security/privacy influence Indian consumers' perceptions of online shopping. Online shopping is growing rapidly in India due to increasing internet access, computer users, and a large middle-class population with spending power looking for convenience.
The document discusses Porter's five forces model for analyzing the competitiveness and attractiveness of industries. It explains the five competitive forces as the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, buyer power, supplier power, and rivalry among existing competitors. It provides examples of factors that determine the degree of competition within each force. The five forces framework allows analysis of an industry's structure to determine its overall attractiveness and the sources of competitive pressure.
Empowerment of women entrepreneurship Qualitative Researchmahmudul nafi
The document summarizes a qualitative research study on women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. It discusses the following key points:
- The study used a phenomenological approach and purposive sampling to interview 7 women entrepreneurs about their experiences starting and running businesses.
- Findings showed that some entrepreneurs started businesses to support their families financially and faced challenges accessing government facilities and capital. Family support was also found to be important for success.
- The paper provides literature reviewing previous studies on women's empowerment through entrepreneurship in Bangladesh and other countries. It outlines the research methodology used including sample size, data collection and analysis methods.
- The results section summarizes the participants' demographic profiles and business profiles. It identifies themes
Questionnaire survey for the research of cosmetics sales promotions in Boots Annabel Nguyen
This survey document contains a 10-question survey about cosmetics sales promotions at Boots stores that is intended for 18-24 year old British female students at Bournemouth University. The survey asks respondents about their awareness of and preferences for different types of sales promotions including buy one get one free offers, loyalty programs, and mix-and-match deals. Respondents are also asked to rate statements about how the promotions make them feel and their likelihood of making a purchase during different promotional campaigns. The survey should only be completed by respondents that meet the outlined criteria and will be used for academic research purposes.
Study on promotional activities of harsha project reportBabasab Patil
The document provides an executive summary and introduction to a study on the promotional activities of Harsha, a consumer goods company. The objectives of the study are to understand the medias Harsha uses, how consumers learn about Harsha, how Harsha satisfies customers, and why consumers prefer Harsha. Key findings include that most consumers learn about Harsha from family/friends, newspapers, or banners. Consumers prefer Harsha for quality products and discounts. Most are dissatisfied with Harsha's discounts, service, prices, and product range. Recommendations include providing better discounts, service, and expanding the product range. The study helped understand Harsha's promotional activities and customers' expectations.
A comparative study on online and offline shoppingSumitKumar801561
This document is a research project report submitted by Abhishek Chauhan to his professor at Sharda University on the topic of "A Comparative Study on Online and Offline Shopping". The report includes an introduction on online shopping and offline shopping, a literature review on past research conducted, the research methodology used, data analysis and findings. It also provides suggestions and conclusions based on the comparative study.
The document discusses several topics related to marketing including product quality, market share, product line breadth, vertical integration, expenditures, marketing communication elements, new products, research and development expenditures, standardization vs adaptation, the 4Ps of marketing, and people, process and physical aspects. It provides information on how these topics relate to profitability and competitive advantage.
This is the sixth part to a marketing plan for Google Inc. that I did with a group of peers in my Marketing 311 class, which we received a perfect score on.
1) The document presents a study on conceptualizing global marketing strategy (GMS) and its effect on firm performance.
2) It develops a broad conceptualization of GMS and a model linking GMS to antecedents like international experience and external conditions, and consequences like strategic and financial performance.
3) The empirical analysis found GMS has a positive effect on performance and is influenced by experience, orientation, and external conditions. Firms can benefit from standardized strategies and accumulating international experience.
Consumer’s Perception Regarding Pharmaceutical Product Packaging: A Survey of...pharmaindexing
This survey studied consumer perceptions of pharmaceutical packaging in Pakistan. 1012 consumers participated and responded to questionnaires about their preferences. The study found that most consumers purchase medications from wholesalers rather than retailers, prioritizing lower costs. For prescribed drugs, consumers primarily purchase what is recommended by their doctor. However, for over-the-counter drugs, aesthetic packaging is an important factor for many consumers when selecting a brand. The study also examined common issues with packaging of locally produced pharmaceuticals in Pakistan.
The document discusses a proposed intervention to address overdependence on smart devices by children under age 12. It begins with an introduction outlining the purpose and structure. The background section reviews research showing risks of excessive technology use for young children and current parental and child perspectives/behaviors. From a behavioral economics lens, the document analyzes heuristics and biases that influence current behaviors, such as the availability heuristic, anchoring heuristic, status quo bias, and optimism bias. Key obstacles to changing behaviors are identified as overcoming the status quo bias and loss aversion. The discussion proposes addressing parental motives and developing solutions to promote healthy media consumption patterns for children's well-being.
This document summarizes a study that investigated parents' attitudes towards digital technology use in early childhood education in Croatia. A survey of 152 parents at a public kindergarten found that while parents are well equipped with digital devices at home, they feel anxious about allowing young children to use technology. The survey aimed to understand what children do with technology at home and whether parents are aware. The document also reviews literature on both the benefits and risks of early digital technology use, finding the research remains divided. It concludes that developmentally appropriate technology integration that meets children's needs can enhance learning if based on child development principles.
The document discusses various strategies for achieving sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). It defines competitive advantage and discusses approaches like strategic vision, strategic opportunism, and a combined vision-opportunism approach. Porter's generic strategies of low cost, differentiation, and focus are explained. Other approaches like preemptive moves and synergies are also summarized. Specific strategies like quality option, brand building, strategic positioning, and first-mover advantages through innovation are provided as examples. Risks of strategic stubbornness and strategic drift are also highlighted.
IIT Delhi - Project Report on ONLINE purchasing behaviour of consumersV Tripathi
This project report summarizes research conducted on the online buying behavior of consumers between ages 18-30 for clothes. A questionnaire was designed and administered online and in-person to 106 respondents. The objectives of the research were to determine the factors influencing online buying, identify consumer profiles, understand product categories and buying decisions, and analyze average spending and purchase frequency. Exploratory research identified key factors like frequency, payment methods, and amount spent per purchase. Data analysis methods applied to the survey responses included cross tabulation, regression analysis, ANOVA, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis with cluster, and factor analysis. The results aimed to provide insights to help marketers understand online consumer segments and how to target them more effectively.
Management is one of the key requirements for an organization. It forms one of the most important paradigm for the organization and it is something which determines the success of an organization. In an organization there are a large number of different management related operations such as operations management, human resource management, Research & Development, Leadership development, finance management and a number of other departments. It is the management which formulates the strategies for the organization to function in a proper manner. Thus, management forms to be a key feature for an organization. In this research paper, we have identified the management culture in Google, which is one of the largest software company in the world. In order to identify the same, we have studied their management culture which is followed there along with the management strategies which are formulated in operations department, human resource management and their organizational culture.
This document analyzes online shopping behavior in India based on a survey conducted. Some key findings include:
- Males and females participate equally in online shopping. Most respondents are employed but students make up 27%.
- Over 50% of respondents search for product information online at least weekly.
- Discounts, wide product selection, and convenience are the top reasons for choosing online shopping.
- Respondents agree that online shopping saves time and money compared to traditional shopping.
- The most popular products purchased online are tickets, electronics, and books.
- Most respondents find online product/service information excellent or good.
- Payment methods like debit cards and net banking are preferred over cash on
Samsung & Micromax -comparative Marketing analysis of Mobile handset industry RAHUL KUMAR
This document provides profiles of some of the major players in the Indian mobile handset industry. It discusses Micromax, which has a 22% market share and was founded in 2008, pursuing a low-cost strategy. Samsung has a 20% market share and was established in India in 1995. It is known for innovative smartphones. Gionee focuses on R&D, production and sales of mobile devices. Nokia, now owned by Microsoft, was previously a leader but struggled in the smartphone market, partnering with Microsoft in 2011. The profiles provide background on each company's founding, product lines, market share and strategies in the Indian mobile handset industry.
This document discusses stakeholder engagement and financial inclusion. It notes that stakeholders include customers, who are important for a company's value and survival. Creating meaningful interactions between stakeholders allows for shared objectives and solutions. The document also discusses the importance of financial inclusion and access to a variety of financial services for low-income groups to help mitigate risks and vulnerabilities. Barriers to financial inclusion include lack of identity proof, remoteness, and financial illiteracy.
Consumer buying behaviour towards Online Retail: Flipkart v AmazonJubin James
This document is a project report by Jubin Jose James submitted to the New Delhi Institute of Management in partial fulfillment of a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report studies consumer buying behavior towards online retail marketers. It includes an introduction to the online retail industry in India, a literature review, research methodology, data analysis, findings, suggestions and conclusions. It also acknowledges the guidance of Ms. Ritu Talwar and includes a certificate, declaration, contents page and bibliography.
The document discusses online shopping and consumer behavior related to online purchases. It begins by defining online shopping as purchasing goods and services directly from sellers over the internet without an intermediary. It notes that online shopping allows consumers to shop from home and purchase a variety of items. However, it also discusses issues with fraudulent activities and fears among consumers. The objectives of the study are to understand consumer satisfaction levels with online purchases and the reasons for purchasing online. It will use a descriptive research methodology with a sample size of 50 respondents selected through convenient sampling to understand consumer behaviors related to online shopping.
The document discusses the role of packaging in online shopping. It notes that while packaging plays an important role in protecting products and communicating brands in physical stores, its role changes in online shopping where the primary purpose after purchase is protection during shipping. However, packaging still influences consumer behavior and loyalty online. Marketers are exploring opportunities to enhance the online shopping experience through packaging, such as ensuring it matches what was shown online or creating memorable unboxing experiences. While packaging may become less important at the point of online purchase, it can boost consumer satisfaction upon delivery.
consumer attitude towards online shopping and their satisfactionRam Babu
This document provides a research project report on consumer attitudes towards online shopping and satisfaction in India. It includes an introduction to the growing field of e-commerce in India, objectives and methodology for the study, data collection and analysis, findings and conclusions. The study found that factors like information availability, perceived usefulness, ease of use, enjoyment and security/privacy influence Indian consumers' perceptions of online shopping. Online shopping is growing rapidly in India due to increasing internet access, computer users, and a large middle-class population with spending power looking for convenience.
The document discusses Porter's five forces model for analyzing the competitiveness and attractiveness of industries. It explains the five competitive forces as the threat of new entrants, the threat of substitutes, buyer power, supplier power, and rivalry among existing competitors. It provides examples of factors that determine the degree of competition within each force. The five forces framework allows analysis of an industry's structure to determine its overall attractiveness and the sources of competitive pressure.
Empowerment of women entrepreneurship Qualitative Researchmahmudul nafi
The document summarizes a qualitative research study on women entrepreneurship in Bangladesh. It discusses the following key points:
- The study used a phenomenological approach and purposive sampling to interview 7 women entrepreneurs about their experiences starting and running businesses.
- Findings showed that some entrepreneurs started businesses to support their families financially and faced challenges accessing government facilities and capital. Family support was also found to be important for success.
- The paper provides literature reviewing previous studies on women's empowerment through entrepreneurship in Bangladesh and other countries. It outlines the research methodology used including sample size, data collection and analysis methods.
- The results section summarizes the participants' demographic profiles and business profiles. It identifies themes
Questionnaire survey for the research of cosmetics sales promotions in Boots Annabel Nguyen
This survey document contains a 10-question survey about cosmetics sales promotions at Boots stores that is intended for 18-24 year old British female students at Bournemouth University. The survey asks respondents about their awareness of and preferences for different types of sales promotions including buy one get one free offers, loyalty programs, and mix-and-match deals. Respondents are also asked to rate statements about how the promotions make them feel and their likelihood of making a purchase during different promotional campaigns. The survey should only be completed by respondents that meet the outlined criteria and will be used for academic research purposes.
Study on promotional activities of harsha project reportBabasab Patil
The document provides an executive summary and introduction to a study on the promotional activities of Harsha, a consumer goods company. The objectives of the study are to understand the medias Harsha uses, how consumers learn about Harsha, how Harsha satisfies customers, and why consumers prefer Harsha. Key findings include that most consumers learn about Harsha from family/friends, newspapers, or banners. Consumers prefer Harsha for quality products and discounts. Most are dissatisfied with Harsha's discounts, service, prices, and product range. Recommendations include providing better discounts, service, and expanding the product range. The study helped understand Harsha's promotional activities and customers' expectations.
A comparative study on online and offline shoppingSumitKumar801561
This document is a research project report submitted by Abhishek Chauhan to his professor at Sharda University on the topic of "A Comparative Study on Online and Offline Shopping". The report includes an introduction on online shopping and offline shopping, a literature review on past research conducted, the research methodology used, data analysis and findings. It also provides suggestions and conclusions based on the comparative study.
The document discusses several topics related to marketing including product quality, market share, product line breadth, vertical integration, expenditures, marketing communication elements, new products, research and development expenditures, standardization vs adaptation, the 4Ps of marketing, and people, process and physical aspects. It provides information on how these topics relate to profitability and competitive advantage.
This is the sixth part to a marketing plan for Google Inc. that I did with a group of peers in my Marketing 311 class, which we received a perfect score on.
1) The document presents a study on conceptualizing global marketing strategy (GMS) and its effect on firm performance.
2) It develops a broad conceptualization of GMS and a model linking GMS to antecedents like international experience and external conditions, and consequences like strategic and financial performance.
3) The empirical analysis found GMS has a positive effect on performance and is influenced by experience, orientation, and external conditions. Firms can benefit from standardized strategies and accumulating international experience.
Consumer’s Perception Regarding Pharmaceutical Product Packaging: A Survey of...pharmaindexing
This survey studied consumer perceptions of pharmaceutical packaging in Pakistan. 1012 consumers participated and responded to questionnaires about their preferences. The study found that most consumers purchase medications from wholesalers rather than retailers, prioritizing lower costs. For prescribed drugs, consumers primarily purchase what is recommended by their doctor. However, for over-the-counter drugs, aesthetic packaging is an important factor for many consumers when selecting a brand. The study also examined common issues with packaging of locally produced pharmaceuticals in Pakistan.
The document discusses a proposed intervention to address overdependence on smart devices by children under age 12. It begins with an introduction outlining the purpose and structure. The background section reviews research showing risks of excessive technology use for young children and current parental and child perspectives/behaviors. From a behavioral economics lens, the document analyzes heuristics and biases that influence current behaviors, such as the availability heuristic, anchoring heuristic, status quo bias, and optimism bias. Key obstacles to changing behaviors are identified as overcoming the status quo bias and loss aversion. The discussion proposes addressing parental motives and developing solutions to promote healthy media consumption patterns for children's well-being.
This document summarizes a study that investigated parents' attitudes towards digital technology use in early childhood education in Croatia. A survey of 152 parents at a public kindergarten found that while parents are well equipped with digital devices at home, they feel anxious about allowing young children to use technology. The survey aimed to understand what children do with technology at home and whether parents are aware. The document also reviews literature on both the benefits and risks of early digital technology use, finding the research remains divided. It concludes that developmentally appropriate technology integration that meets children's needs can enhance learning if based on child development principles.
Unit III Research ProposalFollow the directions below for the co.docxmarilucorr
Unit III Research Proposal
Follow the directions below for the completion of the Research Proposal assignment for Unit III. If you have questions, please email your professor for assistance.
Purpose: The purpose of the research proposal is to help you to understand your project, to gain direction and feedback on your project, and to establish a blueprint for your project.
Description: In this assignment, you will create a research proposal consisting of three sections:
Section 1: What is the topic? (100-150 words)
Section 2: What is the controversy? Include paragraphs that detail both sides of the controversy. (300-400 words)
Section 3: Your tentative thesis statement (one to two sentences)
Click here to access the research proposal example.
My tentative argumentative thesis statement is, social media access should be limited or prevented for young children. Giving internet access freely to young children without adult supervision/consent can put themselves and family at risk of internet stalkers, child predators, cyber bullying, and identity theft. As stated, “Parental monitoring of children’s media influences children’s sleeping habits, school routine, social and aggressive behaviors, and that these impacts are reconciled through the amount of time spent watching and contact with media violence. Parental monitoring of media has defensive impact on a wide variety of academic, social, and physical child habits.” Doing my research, I learned that a lot of parents give internet access freely to their child and don’t think about the effects it will have on their developmental skills and health.
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Should social media access be limited or prevented for young children.
O'Keffe, G. e. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families.
Excessive computer use is keep able of affecting children's social growth. At the age of around seven years, the interaction of a child with family, school, friends, community and media all play a central role in the growth of interpersonal skills and social competence of the child. Computers are now part of that stage of development and alarms have been sounded that children who have too much access to computers create electronic friendships and might be mired in building interpersonal skills. To reduce the high risk of obesity, and other harmful effects of prolonged media exposure, the American Academy of Pediatrics has always advised parents to reduce the time spent children spend on video games, computers and other media to not more than one to two hours a day, and to encourage them to explore different activities like sports, cycling or imaginative play.
David D. Luxton, P. a. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective.
Social media may also pose a threat to vulnerable people through the formation and influence of extreme online groups that promote and provide support for beliefs and behavi ...
Business Plan for a Healthcare OrganizationTwo main tasks.docxhumphrieskalyn
Business Plan for a Healthcare Organization
Two main tasks:
The first task is: Source of Revenue: An Increase in the Medicare Patient Population
The president of Gentiva Health Services is considering increasing her number of Medicare patients served next year. However, to do so she must begin to use RNs for client visits, which Medicare reimburses at $45 per visit. An RN costs $35 per hour versus the current cost of $15 for an LPN or nurse’s aide. The president believes she can increase her patient visits by 15% by accepting Medicare patients. She is also aware that if she increases her Medicare patients, the company’s administrative costs will increase by approximately $10,000 per year because of the claims file complexity.
Using the Gentiva Health Services Statement of Income http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm, use the following volumes for your calculations:
Volume for the year:
· Flexible budget: 6,000 visits
· Static budget: 5,945 visits
· Actual budget: 5,889 visits
Prepare a two-page report that addresses the following:
1 How many more visits will the company generate if it accepts Medicare patients?
2 What would be the estimated profit or loss associated with the Medicare service line?
3 Would you recommend that Gentiva Health Services increase its number of Medicare patients served? Why or why not?
The second task is: Business Plan
Review the quarterly report and develop a business plan for the organization for its upcoming financial year. Be sure to include the following in your organized business plan:
· Organization segment
· Marketing segment
· Financial segment
· Projected cash flow statement
· Projected income statement
· Projected balance sheet
Feel free to take liberties with information needed that is not available in the report.
You may find the quarterly report at http://investors.gentiva.com/financials.cfm Include all required tasks for this assignment in a Word document.
Surname 7
How technology affects children
Student Name:
Professor’s name:
Course:
Date:
Introduction
Technology has been so close to the children in this century than any other time in the past. Thus, it is influencing them negatively and positively. The world is moving in a technology path and it is the responsibility the parent to ensure that children too are not in behind by ensuring that they have the right environment that will help them grow technological . However, the information the children learn can be good or bad to them and it depends on the internet and the sources they get the information. Therefore, it is upto the responsibility of the parent to determine the kind of information that their children get. Too much exposure to internet will allow them get the kind of information that can harm their psychology. In addition, when they remain and take much time watching television ...
Regulations and ImplementationsIn a paper (750-1,000 words), exp.docxdebishakespeare
Regulations and Implementations
In a paper (750-1,000 words), explain how the impact of HIPPA and HITECH regulations will impact the implementation of various systems moving forward. Consider impacts to and from federal, local, software vendors/users, hardware vendors/users, infrastructure, and organizational standards. Papers must address the following:
PLEASE!! I ALSO NEED AN INTRO AND CONCLUSION. Thanks
1) Clearly define impact of HIPAA and HITECH regulations on health care systems for the future with mention to state and federal differences.
2) Define how the regulations will modify the implementation and ongoing use of software systems that maintain patient data.
3) Discuss the changes and impacts to software and hardware vendors.
4) Clarify the changes and impacts to infrastructure and organizational standards.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
1
Running Head: Technology’s role in children development.
6
Technology’s role in children development.
Steven Johnson
Post University
July 24, 2015
Introduction
Modern technology has been playing a significant role in children development. Nowadays technology has improved and is accessible in every home. As a result, it becomes fundamental in children development. Some of the appliances such as TVs, Radio, mobile phones and computers are the main aspects of technology that plays a significant role in children development. Also, the internet is one of the primary technology that has an enormous impact on children life. Many children have opened social network accounts where they correspond with their friends, post their feelings and follow updates. A survey was done in 2013 that involved interview of 1463 parents revealed that most youth uses media devices such as tablets, smartphones and follow TV programs. As a result, this technology has played a significant role in children development. Children have achieved various knowledge from technology and have exposed to the whole world. Nowadays, children have taken advantage of the shift from analogue digital. Most parents and guardians have bought their children mobile, computers, and tablets for gaming, learning and for fun. As the children grow, they keep advancing in technology. Therefore, technology has contributed to children positive development. However, it has adversely contributed to poor children growth and development. Since technology has both positive and adverse impacts children, kids should be restricted from harmful technologies. More so, parents and all players should ensure that children are not exposed to harmful technology that will adversely affect positive growth and development. The following points will justify that adverse and favo ...
1) Technology is now ubiquitous in the lives of young children, parents, and early childhood educators due to tools like computers, the internet, mobile devices, and digital media.
2) There are conflicting views on whether young children should have access to screen-based media, with some arguing it can negatively impact development, health, and learning.
3) The document provides guidance for early childhood educators on the intentional and developmentally appropriate use of technology to support learning, while also addressing cautions and concerns about overuse and inappropriate content.
This week our forum looks at the foundations of where we learn t.docxrowthechang
This week our forum looks at the foundations of where we learn to become parents. Please answer both parts within your initial posting. Remember to review grading feedback from previous week to improve your discussion this week. Follow the rubric when you develop your posting.
As for all forum questions, please use the forum question to guide your discussion and write your post in a paragraph(s) format. You do not want to repost the question and then insert your answer. Using references to support your work is important that correct APA format uses in-text citations.
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
1. We learn parenting skills from many places. Perhaps our biggest influence on our attitude towards parenting is from our parents and how we were raised. We also are influenced by media, science, religion, and other sources. In your observation, how have any of these sources influenced parenting, in general, today
2. Pick a theory from this list (Erikson’s Lifespan Theory of Development, Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological Theory of Development, Jean Piaget’s Constructivist Theory, or Socio-Culture Theory of Lev Vygotsky) and apply it to either how you were raised or how you will (would) raise your own children?
Initial posts are due by 11:59 PM on Wednesday
2 Reply posts are due by 11:59 PM on Sunday
https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/group/education-common/Universal/CHFD/331/elf/lesson-2/elf_index.html
As we learnt in Lesson 1, a parent’s own childhood and parenting experiences influence their parenting approach. In fact, when surveyed, over half of all parents admitted that their parenting style is greatly affected by the way they were parented themselves (Lerner & Ciervo, 2010). However, 30 percent of surveyed parents indicated that the way they were parented had a moderate impact on the personal parenting style. Although that amounts to just over 80 percent of surveyed parents, parents also have media, historical patterns, and scientific research to inform their parenting style. This lesson will first examine the influences on parental style and then will explore the many different theories that exist (and have historically evolved) regarding parenting.
Topics to be covered include:
· Influences on parenting style
· Theories on parenting style
· Theories on children’s growth and development
CONTINUE
Influences on Parental Style Besides Upbringing
· MEDIA
·
HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS
Media resources are a significant source of information for parents. Increased access to and the speed of technology has put a wide range of information within close reach of many parents—especially ones who have disposable incomes that permit internet access. Parents can easily look up parenting websites that can advise on topics such as developmental stages, how to soothe sick babies, and when to call the doctor. Websites can also highlight issues in parenting and childcare and encourage debates that make parents think.
Social me ...
Should Children Be Allowed to Use Phones and Social MediaWha.docxedgar6wallace88877
Should Children Be Allowed to Use Phones and Social Media?
What happens when a dry sponge meets water? It will absorb as much water as possible. Sometimes, one could compare children with a sponge because of their tendency to imitate the behavior of people around them or get information from the internet and incorporate what they see into their lives. Due to the rapid development of the technological age, information on social media and the internet is diverse. Over the years, there has been a significant increase in the number of children using mobile phones and social media. The data given by Jacqueline Howard in the article “What's the Age When Kids Start Social Media?” reflects the large number of children who own mobile phones and use social media: The report showed that approximately 56% of the children had their own social media accounts, based on the parents’ survey responses. Among those children, the parents reported that the average age when initially signing up for the account was 12.6 years” (Howard). Considering these facts, parents have a reason to start worrying about their children's use of technology and social media. The topic of whether or not children should use mobile phones and social media has not only attracted the attention of many parents and experts, but also generated diverse opinions. On the one hand, proponents believe that children need to use social media to enable them learn basic social and technical skills, to make friends with people around the world more easily, and to learn from their peers online. On the other hand, opponents believe that it would have a bad effect on children's mental health. In some instances, cases such as cyber bullying could occur in children may not know how to respond to such issues. In extreme cases, increase use of phones and social could affect some children to an extent that they find it challenging to communicate well in real life. While there are a number of pros and cons associated with using mobile phones and social media, parental guidance is an appropriate strategy to address the cons.
Those who agree that children can use mobile phones and social media defend their position on the basis that children can easily understand the latest technology and learn basic social skills. In addition, the internet can broaden their horizons, help the children know current affairs, and provide them with an opportunity to obtain all sorts of newest knowledge and information. In later life, these children can engage in individual research. Using the Internet, children also get a chance to enrich their minds and acquire knowledge that schoolteachers are not in a position to offer. In addition, they can use social media to communicate with others. Some children lack confidence and dare not talk and communicate with the outside world. With the availability of the internet, these kids could easily overcome this psychological barrier and eventually broaden their horizon in the process of t.
Running Head ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHYAnnotated Biblio.docxSUBHI7
Running Head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Should social media access be limited or prevented for young children.
O'Keffe, G. e. (2011). The Impact of Social Media on Children, Adolescents, and Families.
Excessive computer use is keep able of affecting children's social growth. At the age of around seven years, the interaction of a child with family, school, friends, community and media all play a central role in the growth of interpersonal skills and social competence of the child. Computers are now part of that stage of development and alarms have been sounded that children who have too much access to computers create electronic friendships and might be mired in building interpersonal skills. To reduce the high risk of obesity, and other harmful effects of prolonged media exposure, the American Academy of Pediatrics has always advised parents to reduce the time spent children spend on video games, computers and other media to not more than one to two hours a day, and to encourage them to explore different activities like sports, cycling or imaginative play.
David D. Luxton, P. a. (2012). Social Media and Suicide: A Public Health Perspective.
Social media may also pose a threat to vulnerable people through the formation and influence of extreme online groups that promote and provide support for beliefs and behaviors normally unacceptable by most society for example anorexia, suicide, and intentional body harm. Users that support eating disorder or sites that support suicide can find support and acceptance that they have not found through other means. These online groups may provide support; they pose a risk to the public by encouraging weak individuals to harm themselves.
There is evidence that social media can influence suicide behavior. The Internet removes geographic barriers to communication between people, the creation of pro-suicide social media sites creates a new risk to vulnerable people who might not have been exposed to these imminent hazards.
The developing data regarding the influence of the Internet and social media on suicide behavior have states that these forms of technology may introduce different threats to the public including new opportunities for assistance and prevention. Since social media are generally created and organized by end users, the available chance for monitoring and prevention can be drawn-out to all users. To facilitate this user-driven approach to shadowing and prevention, all social media sites could embrace the simple using methods which allow users to raise the alarm in case of mischievous Web sites.
Dinleyici, M. e. (n.d.). Media Use by Children, and Parents’ Views on Children's Media Usage. Journal of medical research.
The author states that majority of parents are aware that 13 years is the least age for most social media sites, but they do not understand the reason. However, 13 years is the minimum age set out by legislations in various states and most online si ...
Mobile and Interactive Media Use by YoungChildren The Good,.docxroushhsiu
Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young
Children: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown
Jenny S. Radesky, MD, Jayna Schumacher, MD, Barry Zuckerman, MD
The use of interactive screen media such as smartphones and tablets by
young children is increasing rapidly. However, research regarding the
impact of this portable and instantly accessible source of screen time on
learning, behavior, and family dynamics has lagged considerably behind its
rate of adoption. Pediatric guidelines specifically regarding mobile device
use by young children have not yet been formulated, other than recent
suggestions that a limited amount of educational interactive media use
may be acceptable for children aged ,2 years.1 New guidance is needed
because mobile media differs from television in its multiple modalities
(eg, videos, games, educational apps), interactive capabilities, and near
ubiquity in children’s lives. Recommendations for use by infants, toddlers,
and preschool-aged children are especially crucial, because effects of
screen time are potentially more pronounced in this group. The aim of this
commentary is to review the existing literature, discuss future research
directions, and suggest preliminary guidance for families.
EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERACTIVE MEDIA USE: EVIDENCE AND THEORY
Educational Value
Although well-researched television programs such as Sesame Street or
Blue’s Clues can promote early academic skills in preschool-aged children,
children ,30 months cannot learn from television and videos as they do
from real-life interactions.2 Interactive media, on the other hand, allow for
contingent responses to children’s actions and thus may facilitate more
retention of taught material. For example, socially contingent media
(ie, with appropriate content, timing, and intensity) such as videophone
apps are just as effective as real-life encounters in teaching language to
24 month olds,3 but otherwise, published research on whether infants and
toddlers can learn from interactive screens is scant.
Promising research suggests that interactive media such as learn-to-read
apps and electronic books (e-books) may increase early literacy skills4 by
providing practice with letters, phonics, and word recognition. E-books
can be useful in promoting vocabulary development and reading
comprehension and could be more engaging for young children via digital
scaffolds (eg, oral narration, synchronous text highlighting, and embedded
sound effects, animations, or games). However, such extraneous e-book
Division of Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics,
Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
Dr Radesky conceptualized the article and cowrote, reviewed,
and revised the manuscript; Dr Schumacher cowrote,
reviewed, and revised the manuscript; Dr. Zuckerman
conceptualized the article and reviewed and revised the
manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as
submitted.
www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2014-2251
DOI: 10.154 ...
Be Out There takes an in-depth look at how to balance screen time with green time in the report, Friending Fresh Air: Connecting Kids to Nature in a Digital Age. Here, we offer insight on how to use technology you already love and still connect your kids to nature.
The title for this Special Section is Contemporary Mobile Tech.docxchristalgrieg
The title for this Special Section is Contemporary Mobile Technology and Child
and Adolescent Development, edited by Zheng Yan and Lennart Hardell
Concurrent and Subsequent Associations Between Daily Digital Technology
Use and High-Risk Adolescents’ Mental Health Symptoms
Madeleine J. George
Duke University
Michael A. Russell
Pennsylvania State University
Joy R. Piontak and Candice L. Odgers
Duke University
Adolescents are spending an unprecedented amount of time using digital technologies (especially mobile tech-
nologies), and there are concerns that adolescents’ constant connectivity is associated with poor mental health,
particularly among at-risk adolescents. Participants included 151 adolescents at risk for mental health prob-
lems (Mage = 13.1) who completed a baseline assessment, 30-day ecological momentary assessment, and 18
month follow-up assessment. Results from multilevel regression models showed that daily reports of both
time spent using digital technologies and the number of text messages sent were associated with increased
same-day attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms. Adolescents’
reported digital technology usage and text messaging across the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) per-
iod was also associated with poorer self-regulation and increases in conduct problem symptoms between the
baseline and follow-up assessments.
The majority of adolescents in the United States now
own a mobile phone and are frequently using mobile
technologies as their primarily means of access to
the Internet and engagement with social media
(Lenhart, 2015). Adolescents spend, on average, 9
hours (h) a day using screen-based media including
about 3 h/day on their mobile phones (Rideout, Pai,
Saphir, Pritchett, & Rudd, 2015), and with a typical
teen (the median) sending and receiving 30 texts
per day (Lenhart, 2015). This high degree of connec-
tivity has raised concerns about potential negative
effects of mobile technology usage in particular, and
digital technology use more broadly, on adolescents’
mental health (George & Odgers, 2015).
There are a number of theories about how the
amount of time spent using digital technologies
(i.e., social networking tools, text messaging, and
the Internet) may influence adolescents’ mental
health symptoms, especially for adolescents already
experiencing mental health problems. It has been
argued that spending time online “displaces” time
spent on social or cognitively stimulating activities
(i.e., displacement hypothesis), which in turn may
increase feelings of social isolation or depression
(Kraut et al., 1998; Nikklen, Valkenburg, & Hui-
zinga, 2014). Others suggest that adolescents with
preexisting problems may spend more time online
to compensate for a lack of social skills (i.e., social
compensation); that is, technology related problems
may stem from, or simply reflect, adolescents’ pre-
existing mental health problems (Shapira et al.,
2003; Valkenb ...
This week our forum looks at the foundations of where we learn to .docxherthalearmont
This document discusses various influences on parenting styles and theories of child development. It explores how parents learn from their own upbringing, media, science, and other sources. Several influential theories are examined, including Erikson's stages of psychosocial development and Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory, which emphasize how both internal child characteristics and external environmental factors shape development.
1Running Head Technology’s role in children development. .docxeugeniadean34240
1
Running Head: Technology’s role in children development.
6
Technology’s role in children development.
Steven Johnson
Post University
July 24, 2015
Introduction
Modern technology has been playing a significant role in children development. Nowadays technology has improved and is accessible in every home. As a result, it becomes fundamental in children development. Some of the appliances such as TVs, Radio, mobile phones and computers are the main aspects of technology that plays a significant role in children development. Also, the internet is one of the primary technology that has an enormous impact on children life. Many children have opened social network accounts where they correspond with their friends, post their feelings and follow updates. A survey was done in 2013 that involved interview of 1463 parents revealed that most youth uses media devices such as tablets, smartphones and follow TV programs. As a result, this technology has played a significant role in children development. Children have achieved various knowledge from technology and have exposed to the whole world. Nowadays, children have taken advantage of the shift from analogue digital. Most parents and guardians have bought their children mobile, computers, and tablets for gaming, learning and for fun. As the children grow, they keep advancing in technology. Therefore, technology has contributed to children positive development. However, it has adversely contributed to poor children growth and development. Since technology has both positive and adverse impacts children, kids should be restricted from harmful technologies. More so, parents and all players should ensure that children are not exposed to harmful technology that will adversely affect positive growth and development. The following points will justify that adverse and favorable impacts of technology in child development. (Rowan, 2014)
The education sector has benefited from improved technology. Availability and accessibility of cheap internet technologies have helped children get rid of literacy. In many countries, children are introduced to computers at early ages. In fact at grade one, a child is taught on how to use a computer. However, in the underdeveloped countries, things are opposite. Children grow without the use of computers. Now, how does technology impact on child development as a far as education is concerned? As quoted earlier, the internet is one of the primary technology that affect children habits, growth, and development. Currently, children have benefited from Internet technologies since they can access any information they need. More so, they can research on any assignments assigned by their instructor. Frequent use of internet, therefore, help them to realize what the world needs and as a result they can choose their pas.
Does the Usage of Internet harm Child DevelopmentIs the interne.docxjacksnathalie
Does the Usage of Internet harm Child Development?
Is the internet the safest technology in the world? Should parents have second thoughts before letting their children use the internet? These kind questions always run through my mind when someone refers about the internet, but I will explain what the internet really is about. The internet is a global communication interconnecting millions of computers. Children use the internet for various reasons, but the most significant reasons are for information, communication, entertainment and school performance. According to Thompson S.H Teo study, Internet users used the Internet mainly because they perceived the Internet to be more valuable to their job tasks and secondarily because it is enjoyable and easy to use (Omega, 27.1). The internet has many positive aspects, but it also seems to have adverse effects too. Vint Cerf, the creator of the internet predicted that this technology will affect the future and developing areas such as artificial intelligence and child development. Although the internet is the most useful technology for child development, it also has a harmful effect on social, physical and cognitive development of modern children lifestyle.
Social development refers to an alteration in the social structure of a social group or society to enhance the capacity of a society in order to finish their objective. It has a target in developing power to increase human activity. The internet can improve children and their school-based education and can be used as a tool for creativity and intellectual work in groups. Also, Gonca Karayagiz said:
“Computers have occupied increasingly central roles in children's world with the advance of technology. They have proved to be an ideal companion for children in developing and developed countries who spend most of their time at school or home with computers. As a measure of development and modernization, technology has made people's lives easier and contributed positively to social well-being so far while it has also brought about some problems and threats stemming from irresponsible use of the internet”( Karayagiz).
Creativity, intellectual work in group, school-based learning can be improved by the usage of the internet.
However, when excessively used, the internet can also take children away from their usual life work such as chores, homework, and engaging with family and friends. There are also other dangerous concern involving the usage of internet inappropriate content, such as violence, pornography and abusive language. Pornography is one of the severe impacts on child development. The erotic picture that has the intention to release sexual behavior is known as pornography. Pornography is an easy way harm children and their developing childhood. Pedophile is a person who is sexually attracted to children and many pedophiles is the one who indulge in making child pornography. Pedophile uses a tool to demolish children’s ...
This research assesses the effects of modern media technologies on the parent-child relationship whether positive or negative. Technological solutions are intended for improving the quality of life on the planet by easing day to day tasks. Modern media technologies have pervaded almost every aspect of the human experience today including behavior. This has resulted in both desirable and undesirable impacts on the aspects of life that are affected by these technologies. An apt example of an instance where the use of modern media technologies has impacted profoundly is upon the parent-child relationship. The aim is to highlight possible benefits and detriments which usage of these technologies has had within the household as far as parent-child relationships. This study will be qualitative conducted through analysis of relevant and recent literature due to the dynamic nature of this field of research, participant observation and questionnaires will also be used. The study will also use snowballing to increase the scope of literature used.
Running head STUDENTS AND TECHNOLOGYTHE HARMFUL EFFECTS .docxtoltonkendal
This paper discusses the harmful effects of personal technology overuse on students. It argues that students' overdependence on devices adversely impacts their social skills, education performance, and quality of schoolwork. It also claims technology exposes students to social dangers like obesity, suicidal thoughts, and criminal activities. However, the paper acknowledges technology has enhanced education by providing a variety of resources. It concludes that teachers, parents, and students must work together to monitor technology use and avoid its negative consequences.
Similar to Overdependence on Digital Technology by Children (20)
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From Hope to Despair The Top 10 Reasons Businesses Ditch SEO Tactics.pptxBoston SEO Services
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Overdependence on Digital Technology by Children
1. Emerson College
Overdependence on Digital Technology by Children
Under the Age of 12
Introducing QT as a Solution to Promote Healthy Media Consumption Patterns
Eileen Louissaint, Mel Zianne Teo, Nele Rieve
GM603 - Behavioral Economics
Professor Nejem Raheem
04/23/2015
2. i
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1
2. Background...............................................................................................................................2
3. Effects of Heuristics and Biases on Parents’ and Children’s Behavior....................................6
3.1. Current Situation ...............................................................................................................6
3.2. Intervention........................................................................................................................9
3.2.1.Obstacles ........................................................................................................................9
3.2.2.Opportunities................................................................................................................10
4. Discussion of Proposed Intervention......................................................................................10
5. Bibliography............................................................................................................................ ii
6. Appendices ..............................................................................................................................iv
3. 1
1. Introduction
Today’s youth are characterized as digital natives—they are born into a world where the
use of digital technologies such as computers, video games, digital music players, video cams,
cell phones are part of their daily lives. Due to innovations such as touchscreens that allow easier
interaction, these technologies are becoming increasingly accessible by younger children
(Rideout, 2013). While there are many benefits to the use of these devices, the risks of excessive
use at young ages tend to be neglected despite proven major impacts on the child’s development
and health. Research shows that parents often are uncertain about associated risks and tend to
overestimate the positive effect that digital technologies might have. This uncertainty paired with
the misconception about its role, due to rapid and unprecedented advances in technology,
contribute to the excessive use of technology of today’s youth.
The purpose of our research is to discover insights behind parental motives linked to the
overdependence on technology by children under the age of 12, in order to develop an
intervention that promotes the improvement of child health, development, learning capabilities
and social skills by informing parents of the risks attributed to overdependence on technology
during key developmental ages.
This paper is structured into three parts: a background section, a section about heuristics
and biases, and a section about the proposed intervention. The background section presents
findings from both primary and secondary research on digital technology use among young
children. As part of the primary research, point-of-view interviews were conducted with parents
and children. The heuristics and biases section addresses possible explanations for the current
behavior of both parents and children and examines obstacles and opportunities which we must
4. 2
be aware of when framing our intervention. Finally, the last section will discuss our intervention
derived from the key insights extracted from our interviews and secondary research.
2. Background
While digital technology can be helpful to children, growing research has focused on the
impacts of the excessive use of digital technology at a young age, the effects of technology on
relationships, the adequate amount of digital technology each day, and current solutions
communicated by child specialists to form healthy consumption habits (Christianakis, 2002).
Having grown up with daily access to digital technologies, contemporary children in
developed countries are often referred to as “digital natives (Prensky, 2001).” 75% of children
age 8 and under (Wartella et al., 2013) have had access to some type of smart mobile device at
home in 2013, compared to 52% in 2011. This research further showed that 72% of children ages
8 and under and 38% of children under 2 have used these devices to play games, watch videos or
use apps. The internet enhances the human ability to scan information at a more rapid and
efficient pace, whereas, in the past the popularity of reading physical books allowed the brain to
practice focusing and imagination. In the pre-digital world, children had to use their imagination
and exercise sensory and motor skills to amuse themselves through “traditional ways of play”
such as outdoor activities, board games, puzzles, and so on, the advances in technology have
changed neurological structures significantly (Rowan, 2013).
As the use of technology increases, studies have correlated it to the rise of physical,
psychological and behavior disorders including child obesity, diabetes, ADHD, autism spectrum
disorders, coordination disorders, developmental delays, speech disorders, learning difficulties,
sensory-processing disorders, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders (Phillips, 2013). “Physical
therapists are now seeing patients as young as eight years old with symptoms of RSI (Repetitive
5. 3
Stress Injury), a trend that seems to be increasing over time,” threatening the health of children
that indulge in smart devices for long hours (Kim, 2010).
In the earliest stages, children are developing vision, memory, language, thinking and
reasoning skills from simple activities such as reaching out and exploring. These early stages in
child development contribute greatly to life skills which they will take with them into
adolescence such as building stronger friendships and peer relationships, independence from the
parents and family, and a sense of self within the world (CDC, 2014).
The use of technology demonstrates functions of the automatic and reflective systems of
the brain. The automatic system is unconscious and commonly associated with instinct and rapid
decisions, while the reflective system requires more concentration for thorough and analytical
thought process (Thaler & Sunstein, 2009). The hyperactive nature of fast-paced media disrupts
the ability to concentrate and completely comprehend material. The inability to digest
information through conscious cognitive mapping normally attributed to the reflective system
suggests a disconnect between the parallel processing of the two systems. Additionally, the
patience to train the automatic system to succeed in complex activities such as school work,
social settings, and independence is absent (Carr, 2010).
Hogan (2013) suggests the approach to achieving a healthy “media diet” requires the
involvement of parents, educators and pediatricians in media education in order to guide children
towards healthier media consumption habits. Additionally, parents can remove devices from
bedrooms and implement curfews for media devices (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2013).
Parents’ Perspective
Childhood experiences often influence the way parents bring up their own child. Since
most parents did not have access to digital technology during their upbringing the way that
6. 4
children have today, this could result in uncertainty in terms of appropriate use of digital
technologies (Plowman et al., 2008). Marketing of many video and software products for young
children intensifies this uncertainty as it makes the parents believe that these products are
beneficial and necessary for their child’s educational success (Rose et al., 2013). Even though
parents are concerned about possible effects that digital technologies could have on their child,
they still consider those technologies as safe if the use is moderated and supervised to a certain
extent (Livingstone et al., 2008; Plowman et al., 2008).
Furthermore, they tend to attribute more value to the educational and social advantages of
digital technology use than to negative impacts (Livingstone et al., 2008; Moore, 2015). Parents
seek to achieve a balance in their child’s activities. By moderating their child’s use of digital
technology, they try to leverage education-related benefits while trying to minimize
disadvantages. Methods of parental mediation include rulemaking, restrictions, supervision and
time limits (Plowman et al., 2008; Plowman et al., 2013; Moore, 2015). However, several factors
hinder the implementation of these regulation efforts. The factors which have been identified
include the proliferation of digital technologies, the increasing complexity that might surpass the
digital knowledge of parents, and the tendency of young children to copy their parents’ behavior
(Barreto & Adams, 2011; Livingstone et al., 2008; Anand & Krosnick, 2005). According to
Euromonitor International (2013), adult users spend at least 15 hours online per week. Gordon
(2007) highlighted that although parents are a huge influence in determining the amount of time
their children spent online, they are often heavy media users themselves: “parents surreptitiously
checking BlackBerrys during their children’s concerts,” making them less able to supervise their
children as closely as they would otherwise. Furthermore, parents use technology to diversify the
child’s activities, as a reward method and to occupy the child to gain time to do chores such as
7. 5
paying the bills or making dinner (Moore, 2015; Wartella et al., 2013). However, a national
study on Parenting in the Age of Digital Technology (Wartella et al., 2013) revealed that 69% of
participating parents think that mobile devices do not make parenting easier mainly due to risks
associated with technology use including failure of the child to develop social skills, addictive
behavior towards the devices, and difficulty gaining the child’s attention while they interact with
the devices. However, the parents who do believe digital media makes their job easier appreciate
the fun activities on mobile devices which often times feature educational components.
Children’s Perspective
While it is important to understand the parent’s perspective regarding this study, it is
equally vital to incorporate the views of the children to ensure its comprehensiveness. We
conducted an interview on a child to find out about his opinions on replacing his tech devices
with outdoor activities. Elgene is a 6-year old boy that lives in Singapore. He has been exposed
to smart devices since the age of two (Appendix A2). Elgene particularly enjoys his iPad because
he can play his favorite games “Angry Birds” and “Thomas & Friends” on the device. When the
interviewer suggested for him to go outdoors to play in the yard, Elgene refused. Additionally,
Elgene expressed how he preferred the iPad over traditional toys as it supports higher
interactivity. The child’s preference to interact online rather than going outdoors is further
supported by a study conducted by Erwina (2013) on the activities of 6–17 year olds, with almost
half (46%) stating they would rather spend their time online over playing outside (Appendix B2).
Elgene mentioned his mother had an iPad, hinting how parents’ behavior can serve as a model of
learning for their children (Gordon, 2007).
8. 6
3. Effects of Heuristics and Biases on Parents’ and Children’s Behavior
Traditional economic theory (Simon, 1995; Slovic, 1995) implies that people are
economic men, homo economicus, who make economic and rational decisions in order to
maximize utility. For a choice to be rational, this economic man is assumed to be completely
informed about the range of choices, alternatives and their consequences, and to have a stable
system of revealed preferences. However, according to research on rational decisionmaking,
people use a heuristic approach to decisionmaking. This suggests that people do not always make
choices that reflect their values since they are not always well informed, demonstrate habitual
behavior and have a tendency to follow drives (Strack & Deutsch, 2004). These boundedly
rational decision makers try “to attain some satisfactory, although not necessarily maximal, level
of achievement” (Slovic, 1995). They use heuristic principles to simplify the complex process of
decision making, especially in situations of uncertainty and are prone to biases (Tversky &
Kahneman, 1974). As parents and young children are considered ‘boundedly rational decision
makers’, this section analyzes the effects that heuristics and biases have on their behavior.
3.1. Current Situation
Availability Heuristic
According to Tversky (1974), people make judgments based on the “ease with which
instances or occurrences can be brought to mind”. This phenomenon is called availability.
Digital technology for children is often marketed in a way that focuses on benefits that children
can derive from using it, while neglecting negative impacts. Furthermore, as technology is
constantly evolving and new products are continuously put on the market, these innovations are
covered in the news and often presented as a must-have to aid in children’s learning
development. Due to the focus on benefits, they tend to be more available to parents than
9. 7
possible negative effects. Therefore, they might not consider the overuse of digital technology as
a risk and might not use it in an appropriate way. This heuristic also relates to the two systems of
the brain. Parents may rely on their automatic system to make a decision on the use of
technology and may not waste time and effort on using their reflective system to completely
analyze this decision and consider disadvantages.
Anchoring Heuristic
The phenomenon of anchoring postulates that “in many situations people estimate an
unknown value by starting from some initial value which is then adjusted to yield a final answer”
(Tversky, 1974). Since the majority of parents did not grow up with the range of technology that
is available to children today, they have no reference point in terms of time limits from their own
upbringing that they can use to make judgments for the amount of time that children should
spend on digital technology. Therefore, they might look for a reference point in either their own
behavior or in the behavior of peers. As the healthy amount of time spent on technology differs
between young children and adults, parents might use wrong starting point for their judgments,
therefore, allow an overuse without being aware of surpassing the healthy time limits. Children
might also use the anchoring heuristic for their judgments. As children mimic the behavior of
their parents, they might use the time that their parents spend on technology as a reference point
for their own use. When they see their parents use technology for a long period of time, they
might assume that they can spend the same amount on time on technology, resulting in overuse.
Collective Conservatism (Bias) & Herding (Heuristic)
According to the collective conservatism bias and the herding heuristic, people tend to
follow leaders in a group and tend to stick to established norms (Kuran, 1987). The collective
conservatism bias builds on the herding heuristic, which “can be defined as a phenomenon of
10. 8
individuals deciding to follow other and imitating group behavior rather than deciding
independently” (Baddeley, 2010). As children’s access to technology increases, more and more
children use digital technology. Therefore, parents see other parents giving their children access
to devices and might perceive that as adequate for their own children. As a result, parents might
then decide to give their own child access to the devices without further examining choices and
alternatives, as they tend to follow leaders in their communities and adopt behavior of other
members. The use of technology amongst children has become a norm in society. Therefore,
parents might feel obligated to adhere to that norm and allow their child access to technology
without further knowledge on the amount of time that is considered appropriate.
Status Quo Bias
The status quo bias suggests that people have a “preference for the current state” and tend
to remain to this status quo, as “the disadvantages of leaving it loom larger than advantages”
(Kahneman et al., 1991). It explains both the parents’ and the children’s behavior in terms of
technology use. Over time, both parties have included digital technologies in their daily routines
and its use has become a default option. People tend to adhere to established norms in order to
avoid effort that would be required to choose an alternative to the default. Therefore, parents
might rely on digital technology as a primary activity for their child. The same applies to
children, as the use of technology also might be their default.
Optimism & Overconfidence (bias)
The optimism and overconfidence bias describes that people tend to overestimate the
probability of achieving an objective and tend to have a favourable attitude towards outcomes of
an event, the so called better-than-average effect (Clark & Friesen, 2009; Kuran, 1987). Parents
11. 9
might not think of their children as part of the statistics and therefore don’t think the harmful
statistics on tech devices will have immediate harm on their child.
3.2. Intervention
Heuristics and biases not only explain the parents’ and children’s current behavior, they also help
identify possible obstacles and opportunities for our proposed intervention that is aimed at
changing behavior.
3.2.1. Obstacles
Since the use of technology has become the default option for children’s activities,
overcoming the status quo bias will be an obstacle for the implementation and effectiveness of
our intervention. As it requires effort on behalf of parents and children to consider and choose
alternatives over their established default option, it might pose a challenge to convince them to
change their current behavior.
According to the principles of loss aversion and the endowment effect, the impact of
losses are generally greater than the impact of equivalent gains and as people therefore try to
minimize the risk of losses more than trying to maximize gains (Kahneman et al., 1991), it could
be expected that the loss both parents and children will feel when reducing the time spend on
digital technology will be more prevalent compared to what both parties can gain, such as more
quality time as a family, diversified activities for the child, and so on. Furthermore, the herding
heuristic (Baddeley, 2010) and collective conservatism bias (Kuran, 1987) could present
difficulties, as parents will still base their judgments on what other people do and what the
accepted norm is, as long as not everybody in their community is changing behavior too.
12. 10
3.2.2. Opportunities
As parents and children irrational decision makers, they can be nudged to overcome
biases and heuristics. The heuristic approach to decision-making also gives room for
opportunities in terms of behavior change. While currently parents are using their own and peers’
technology use as reference point for their children’s technology use, a new anchor could be
developed. Furthermore, the availability heuristic can be seen as an opportunity as well. At the
moment, mostly examples of benefits readily come to mind of the parents. This could be shifted
to a more balanced availability of both benefits and negative effects of technology. Also, while
loss aversion might be a challenge for the implementation of our intervention, it can be overcome
by framing the perceived loss in a more positive way.
4. Discussion of Proposed Intervention
In this part, we will discuss our proposed intervention, Quadruple T (QT), and apply the
NUDGEs framework (Thaler & Sunstein, 2009) in order to design the intervention in a way that
will alter the parents’ and ultimately the children’s behavior. The NUDGEs acrostic provides
tools available to choice architects to help people make better choices by organizing a succinct
path in which to achieve the desired behavior. These tools include incentives, understanding
mappings, defaults, giving feedback, expecting error and structuring complex choices.
Quadruple T “QT”: Time to Talk Technology
Quadruple T (QT) stands for Time to Talk Technology. The QT program is geared
towards parents in order to assist them in establishing healthy media consumption habits within
the household. The program will be hosted by school districts in order to develop a camaraderie
between parents, teachers, and child specialists to support effective changes (Hogan, 2013).
Hogan (2013) and the American Academy of Pediatrics suggest ways in which the parents
13. 11
involvement supports the adoption of healthy consumption habits or “media diets”. Since the
best way to begin altering children’s behavior is to start from the parents, our intervention will
focus on the role of the parents with support from the primary educational system.
This program will provide a cohesive framework between home and school by detecting
all environments which the child will engage with media. At the beginning of each school-year,
schools will host a “QT” seminar with the students’ parents to discuss the healthy habits which
can be established in the home, while also informing the parents how media is being used on
campus. The AAP encourages parents to actively participate in the children’s media intake by
engaging in the program with them, while also discussing the values of the particular segments.
Supporting the anticipated success of our intervention, QT will feature a smart device application
“Hello QT” which parents will be required to download on their phones as part of the child’s
first assignment of the academic year in order to receive weekly academic progress reports from
the school. The app will include a parent and child version which will sync with the most-used
apps on one platform to monitor usage times, assist with app time management, and encourage
parents and children to engage in other activities once the media-usage timeframe is complete.
By creating a parent and child version of the app, this will encourage the adoption of “media
diets” by parents themselves in order to serve as examples for their children.
Default
The requirement of downloading the Hello QT App serves as a default in which parents
are provided the foundation and guidance that will aid the success of their family’s participation
in QT. Often times, parents fail to recognize the harmful effects that digital technology has on
their children due to the optimism and overconfidence bias and the availability heuristic. Push
notifications will automatically appear on the screen of the smart devices when parents have
14. 12
reached the advised time usage. These notifications will enlighten parents on the negative effects
on the health and welfare of children attributed to elongated digital technology use and suggest
other activities which are already on the parent’s agenda. This will then help overcome the
availability heuristic and the optimism and overconfidence bias.
Understanding Mappings
By informing parents about the negative effects in a short and simple way (through the
push notifications), it will help them understand the mappings between the use of technology and
possible outcome – ultimately adopting a more balanced view on the effects of technology.
Structure Complex Choices & Framing
The push notifications will deliver content in a gain frame structure. Outcomes can be
framed as either gains or losses. As humans are loss averse, they will try to avoid losses and
prefer gain-framed outcomes (Kahneman & Tversky, 1981). Therefore, the push notifications
will emphasize the benefits that can be gained by staying below the time-limit. As loss aversion
can lead to inertia, the push notifications will also help overcome the status quo bias and change
children’s and parents’ default. The app will cease activity when the user exceeds the stipulated
time spent, supporting the change in default and priming parents and children to adopt suggested
alternatives. Providing a set of alternatives minimizes the effort required to make a choice
(structure complex choices). For the children, alternatives may include reading their favorite
book, playing outside, or coloring. For parents, it will encourage them to complete tasks which
are on their to-do list such as gardening, working-out, or playing a board game with the child.
Incentives
Overcoming loss aversion will be further supported by providing incentives. QT users
will be rewarded with points each time they stay within the advised screentime of which they
15. 13
can redeem for coupons or discounted admission redeemable at cooperating places such as toy
stores, family musicals, museums, zoos and so on.
Give Feedback
As the “best way to help humans improve their performance is to provide feedback”
(Thaler & Sunstein, 2009), parents will obtain weekly updates to help track the progress of how
their children, as well as the parents themselves, have better maximized free time through
limiting the use of technology. The parents will also receive feedback concerning negative
effects due to the overuse of digital technology, which will allow them to understand the
implications of their actions and help parents establish a new reference point (anchoring
heuristic). While they currently make judgments based on their own behavior or the behavior of
peers, it is important that they develop a reference point that takes into consideration
recommendations for children’s media consumption habits. With this new reference point,
parents can make adequate judgments on the optimal amount of time their children should spend
on technology. Once a number of parents and children change their behavior and once the norm
for technology use changes, the herding and collective conservatism biases will shift as well.
Measurement and Evaluation
We will use the following strategies to measure the success of our intervention: First,
documenting the number of parents who attended the QT Seminars hosted by the schools.
Secondly, utilizing Google Analytics to monitor how many parents have registered for the app as
well as their weekly usage routines. Our team will communicate regularly with the incentives
program partners to inform our team of the number of redeemed rewards that were given in
response to positive behavior. Lastly, it would be beneficial to see how the use of this
intervention improves children’s health, development, learning capabilities and social skills by
16. 14
soliciting the expertise of specialists such as psychologists, child therapists, pediatricians and so
on.
Conclusion
By uncovering and understanding the underlying heuristics and biases of parents’ and
children’s current behavior, the development of Time to Talk Technology provides a cohesive
framework between the school system and household to effectively implement healthy media
consumption habits for children. The support system, designed with the help of the NUDGEs
acrostic, will help improve the decision parents make by actively addressing all aspects of the
decision making context of media consumption in and out of the home.
17. ii
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19. iv
Interviews
Moore, N. (2015, March 25). POV: Parents. (N. Rieve, Interviewer)
Teo, E. (2015, March 25). POV: Children. (L. Lim, Interviewer)
6. Appendices
Appendix A1
POV: Parents
Interviewer: How often and how long do you let your child/ children use technology per day?
(TV, computer, smartphone, tablet, video games, etc.)
Interviewee: Each child uses the computer about 30 minutes a day or less for homework. On
the weekend i would guess they are on some kind of technology for 1-2 hours a
day -that's embarrassing!
Interviewer: Do they have a time limit for using technology? If so, what is the maximum time
within a sitting?
Interviewee: They are supposed to have a time limit, but we don't always follow the rules. My
only rules is NO technology during the school week unless it is for school work.
Interviewer: What technological devices do you let them use? (TV, computer, smartphone,
tablet, etc.)
Interviewee: TV, computer, smartphone, ipad
Interviewer: Do they have their own devices?
Interviewee: They have an old phone (no cell service) that they share, but still need permission
to use.
Interviewer: Why do you let them use technology? (i.e. distraction, reward, to get freedom to
do chores, cook dinner etc.)
Interviewee: ALL of the above.
Interviewer: Are there any particular situations in which you let them use technology? (i.e.
during breakfast/ lunch/ dinner, at a restaurant, in the morning/ at night, in the car,
etc.) NEVER at a restaurant or when it takes away from social interaction. Car
ONLY on long trips.
Interviewer: Do you see any advantages that giving technology to your child/ children could
have over more “traditional” ways of occupying him/her/them? (i.e. puzzles,
board games, books, dolls, etc.) the only advantage is that they have become very
computer savvy which is important since schools are mainstreaming technology
in the classrooms. I think there should be a balance.
Interviewer: Do you feel that your child/ children are getting bored and/ or frustrated if they
are not allowed to use technology?
Interviewee: Sometimes, and I realize this is an issue. Although, my kids are very involved in
sports and other activities.
Interviewer: If there were an alternative that would occupy your child/ children as easily,
20. v
would you be willing to replace technology with this alternative? Why or why
not?I still go back to balance. I think that they should be exposed to lots of things
that will occupy their time. I do not just hand them the devices to keep them
occupied though, I like to wait and allow them to ask me if they want to use it.
Otherwise, I will suggest playing outside, or asking for a playdate etc....
Appendix A2
POV: Children
Interviewer: Lynn Lim (mom)
Interviewee: Elgene Teo (child), 6 years of age
Interviewer: Why do you like your iPad, Elgene?
Interviewee: Because I can play with the Angry Birds and fix puzzles with Thomas & friends
[The Thomas & Friends app].
Interviewer: Shall we play at the yard, and not with the iPad today?
Interviewee: No!! I did my homework and you said you will give me the iPad after my nap
Interviewer: Do you like Thomas & Friends toys or the one on the iPad? You can only choose
one.
Interviewee: I like both. The iPad (reluctantly). Thomas & Friends can solve puzzles with me.
Toys won’t talk to me, it’s not fun. Mommy, you’ve got an iPad too.
Interviewer: Can I buy you another Thomas & Friends toy and have you stop playing on the
iPad?
Interviewee: No mom, can you download more apps for me please?