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This lesson deals with Species that Thrive on Earth
- 1. SPECIES
- 2. Aftergoingthroughthislesson,youareexpected to: definespecies; understandspeciesconcepts; describethedifferenttypesofspecies;and appreciatethevalueofspecies.
- 4. ACTIVITY: • Comprehend the readings about species then accomplishthegiventask. • Presentyourworktotheclass.
- 6. SPECIES
- 7. SPECIES • is the lowest taxonomic rank and the most basic unit or categoryofbiologicalclassification.
- 8. SPECIES • consists of organisms that share common characteristics and generally are capable of reproducing to producefertileoffspring.
- 10. SPECIESCONCEPTS Morphologicalspecies concept It is based solely on the morphology of the species, pertaining only to the physical appearance of the organisms. Pros of this concept for defining and describing a species are that it’s an easy and handy method for species identification. It works equally well for layman and taxonomical experts as the morphological features are easily identifiable by everyone rather than genetic andchemical analytics.
- 11. Pheneticspeciesconcept A phenetic species is one in which all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is significantly different from the organismsoftheotherpheneticspecies.
- 12. Biologicalspeciesconcept It is stated that a species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among themselves but don’t do the same with other groups as they are “reproductively isolated” from them. This is by farthemostwidelyacceptedspeciesconceptasofthistime.
- 13. Evolutionaryspeciesconcept This concept defines a species as an independently evolving entity. The reason this concept is widely accepted is that such a species persists through longtimeperiods.
- 14. Ecologicalspeciesconcept Ecological species concepts explain that species is a group of organismsthatthriveandexploit thesameniche.
- 15. TYPES OFSPECIES Endangered species – is one that is prone to get extinct in the near future. With the declining numbers of such species, the risks of losingdiversityincrease.
- 16. Dominant species – are those species that form the majority in an ecological community. They usually make up the bulk of the biomassinsuchacommunity.
- 17. Rare species – are those which are encountered very less or have no extensive records. They are uncommon and this makes them preciousinsomeaspects.
- 18. Exotic species – Species are called exotic when they are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they havenotoriginallyevolved.
- 19. Early seral species – Early seral species are those species that start growing in natural succession soon after a disturbance (fire orlogging).
- 20. Type species – are those species that have been used during taxonomicworkfornamingthatparticularspecies.
- 21. Whyspeciesareimportant? 1. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stability: A diverse range of species contributes to the stability of ecosystems, making them more resistant to disturbances such as climate change, disease outbreaks,andhabitatloss. 2. Ecological Services: Plants produce oxygen through photosynthesis, while pollinators like bees and butterflies help fertilize crops and support agricultural production. Decomposers breakdownorganic matter,recycling nutrientsin theecosystem. 3. Food Web and Nutrient Cycling: Predators help control prey populations, preventing overpopulation, while herbivores maintain plant populations.
- 22. 4. Medicinal and Genetic Resources: Plant and animal species have contributed to the development of drugs to treat diseases, alleviate pain,andimprove health. 5. Cultural and Aesthetic Value: They are often symbols of cultural heritage and hold spiritual or symbolic significance for various communities. 6. Economic Importance: Biodiversity supports industries such as agriculture,forestry,fisheries,andtourism.
- 23. 7. Research and Education: Species serve as models for scientific research, contributing to advancements in various fields, including biology, medicine, genetics, and ecology. They also provide educational opportunities for students to learn about the complexity oflifeonEarth. 8. Ecosystem Health and Water Purification: Various species, particularly microbes and plants, play a role in purifying water and maintaining water quality. Wetlands, for example, act as natural filters bytrapping pollutantsand sediments,ensuringcleanwaterfor bothhumansandwildlife. 9. Climate Regulation: Forests play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxideandregulatingclimatepatterns.
- 25. Writethe letter of thecorrectanswer. 1.Whatis aspecies? a. Agroup of organismswithsimilarcharacteristics b. Agroup of organisms thatcaninterbreed andproducefertile offspring c. Agroup of organisms withthe samehabitat d. Agroup of organismswithdifferent characteristics 2. Howdoyou describe morphologicalconceptof species? a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among themselves d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche
- 26. 3. Howdoyou describephenetic conceptof species? a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among themselves d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche 4. Howdoyou describe biologicalconceptof species? a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among themselves d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche
- 27. 5. Howdoyou describe ecologicalconceptof species? a. pertainingonly tothephysical appearanceof theorganisms b. all the individuals of a species have a similar phenotype but it is significantlydifferentfromtheorganismsof the otherpheneticspecies c. species is a group of natural populations that interbreed among themselves d. species isagroupof organismsthatthrive andexploit the sameniche 6. Whatis adominantspecies? a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have notoriginallyevolved
- 28. 7.Whatis adominantspecies? a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have notoriginallyevolved 8.Whatis anendangeredspecies? a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have notoriginallyevolved
- 29. 9. Whatis aexotic species? a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records d. are encountered outside their native ranges or places where they have notoriginallyevolved 10.Whatis atype species? a. species thatform themajorityinanecologicalcommunity b. onethatis proneto getextinct inthenearfuture c. arethose whichareencountered very less or havenoextensive records d. species that have been used during taxonomic work for naming that particularspecies
- 30. Assignment: Create a concept map or graphic organizer using theideasthatyoulearnedaboutspecies.
- 31. Criteria Needs Improvement Meets Expectations Exceed Expectations Score 5 10 15 Content Present insufficient ideas, facts, and information Present sufficient level of ideas, facts, and information. Present high level of ideas, facts, and information. Organization Presentation jumps around and audience has difficulty following Information presented in a logical sequence Information presented in a logical and very interesting sequence Information presented in a logical and very interesting sequence Creativity Show minimal level artistry and attractiveness Show adequate level artistry and attractiveness Show high level artistry and attractiveness Youroutputwill beratedusingthisrubric:
Editor's Notes
- Today we will be learning about species
- My first question is: Based from your prior knowledge or opinion
- This time you will be having your activity. I will be sending a reading material in our GC.
- You have 15 mins to finish the task
- What you have presented is all about species
- In the classification systems, a certain hierarchy has been made from higher to the lower level — domain, kingdom, phylum/division, class, order, family, genus, species.
- Species are capable of mating with one another to produce fertile offspring.
- The major limitation to this species concept, however, is that morphology can be very misleading. Consider, for example, the shark and dolphin. These organisms have many morphological similarities in their body shape and coloration; however, we know from genetic analyses and more detailed morphological studies that sharks are more closely related to rays and other fish and dolphins are more closely related to whales and other mammals. The similarities that we first notice in these organisms are due to the similarities in the marine environment in which both organisms live and not to relatedness between the organisms.
- In the Philippines, several species of Birds of Paradise can be found in the rainforests of various islands. This concept might be applied to classifying Birds of Paradise species based on their observable characteristics. It's important to note that while the phenetic species concept provides a way to categorize species based on observable traits, it doesn't take into account genetic relationships or evolutionary history.
- It is also called the reproductive isolation concept.
- Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution. Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time.
- Ecological niche is a term for the position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of conditions necessary for persistence of the species, and its ecological role in the ecosystem.
- An endangered species is a type of organism that is threatened by extinction. Species become endangered for two main reasons: loss of habitat and loss of genetic variation.
- Mangrove forests are abundant in the Philippines and serve as critical coastal ecosystems. They provide habitat for various species of fish, crustaceans, and birds, while also protecting shorelines from erosion.
- A rare freshwater turtle species found in the Philippines, it faces threats from habitat destruction and the illegal pet trade.
- In the Philippines, invasive alien species like the water hyacinth are slowly creeping, menacing one ecosystem at a time, including otherwise healthy water bodies like Pasig River and Laguna de Bay and Agusan marsh, undermining their biodiversity and productivity.
- Various wild grasses and weedy plants serve as early colonizers of disturbed areas, contributing to soil stabilization and providing initial habitat and food sources for insects and other small organisms.
- The type species serves as a reference for defining the characteristics and boundaries of the genus. For example, consider the genus Panthera, which includes lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. The type species of the genus Panthera is the lion (Panthera leo). This means that the lion is the species used as the reference point when defining the characteristics that distinguish the genus Panthera from other related genera.
- Species diversity ensures that ecosystems are resilient and adaptable to changes. Different species perform various ecological services that are essential for human survival. Species are interconnected within food webs, forming complex relationships where each species relies on others for food.
- 4. Many species provide valuable compounds that are used in pharmaceuticals and medical treatments. 5. Additionally, natural landscapes and the presence of diverse species offer recreational and aesthetic benefits for people. 6. Many economies depend on the health and productivity of ecosystems that rely on diverse species. Ecosystems provide resources like timber, fish, and non-timber forest products that contribute to livelihoods and economies.
- 7. Studying different species helps us better understand the natural world, ecological interactions, and evolutionary processes. 8. Wetlands, for example, act as natural filters by trapping pollutants and sediments, ensuring clean water for both humans and wildlife. 9. Trees capture and store carbon, helping mitigate the impacts of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Species play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as well as providing a wide range of benefits to humans and the planet as a whole.
- 7. Studying different species helps us better understand the natural world, ecological interactions, and evolutionary processes. 8. Wetlands, for example, act as natural filters by trapping pollutants and sediments, ensuring clean water for both humans and wildlife. 9. Trees capture and store carbon, helping mitigate the impacts of climate change by reducing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. Species play a crucial role in maintaining the health and balance of ecosystems, as well as providing a wide range of benefits to humans and the planet as a whole.