This is my presentation 1

1. • Lesson 18: Natural hazards
Mitigation and Adaptation:
Geologic Processes and Hazards

2. What is Natural hazards?
• Natural Hazards pose significant threats to human life
and infrastructure. Geologic processes, such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides, are
among the most devastating.

5. Climate Change Adaptation
• Climate change adaptation is the strategy
of changing social and ecological modes of
being to reduce the harmful effects of
climate change. It involves changing society
and the ecosystems so that the effects of
climate change will not be as significant or
severe.

6. Mitigation
• Climate change mitigation strategies work to reduce or
prevent climate change itself so that society and ecosystems do
not have to adjust as much to flourish under the new climate
regime.
• Mitigation can still require a change in lifestyle since
mitigating or reducing climate change also means reducing
behaviors or processes that are leading to climate change.

7. Different Between;

9. Geologic Proce sses and Hazards
• Geological processes are dynamics at work in
the earth’s landforms and surfaces. It involved
landslide, volcanic eruption, and earthquake
that are in some points destructive and in
others constructive.

10. Earthquake

11. EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake is caused by a sudden release of strain in the earth’s
interior. The sudden release of strain occurs because the strength of
the straining material is exceeded by the strain that has
accumulated within that material.
There are two main causes of earthquake:
1. explosive volcanic eruptions
2. tectonic activity associated with plate margins and faults

12. explosive volcanic eruptions
On Earth, volcanoes are most
often found where tectonic
plates are diverging or
converging, and most are
found underwater. For
example, a mid-ocean ridge,
such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge,
has volcanoes caused by
divergent tectonic plates
whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire
has volcanoes caused by
convergent tectonic plates.

13. Tectonic Activity Associated with Plate
Margins and Faults
 Movement in narrow zones along plate boundaries causes most earthquakes. Most seismic
activity occurs at three types of plate boundaries—divergent, convergent, and transform.

 As the plates move past each other, they sometimes get caught and pressure builds up. When the
plates finally give and slip due to the increased pressure, energy is released as seismic waves,
causing the ground to shake. This is an earthquake.

 Some of the plates have ocean water above them. Other plates include continents, and some
plates include both continents and ocean. The movements of the plates help shape the
geological features of our planet. The three main types of plate movements include:

15. Effects of an Earthquake
The destruction caused by an earthquake depends
largely on its magnitude and duration. The
destructive effects of an earthquake can be
classified into primary and secondary effects.
Primary effects are the immediate damage caused
by the quake, such as collapsing buildings, roads
bridges, which may kill many people.

16. What to do
Here are some ways on how to plan ahead of a disaster:
1. Check for hazards at home.
2. Identify safe place indoors and outdoors.
3. Educate yourself and family members.
4. Have Disaster kits/supplies on hand.
5. Develop an emergency communication plan.
6. Help your community get ready.
7. Practice the Disaster Preparedness Cycle.

17. Introduce the following terms:
a. Natural hazards
b. Risk
c. Vulnerability
d. Ground shaking / ground rupture
e. Tsunamis
f. Earthquake – induced landslides
g. Liquefaction and subsidence