this activity is designed for you to explore the continuum of an addictive behavior of your choice.
Addictive behavior appears in stages. The earliest stage is non-use, which finally leads up to out-of-control dependence. The stages in between are important to identify, as it is much easier to correct an early-stage issue as opposed to a late-stage problem.
After reviewing the module readings and tasks, use the module notes as a reference and alcohol or substance abuse addiction as an example to identify the various levels of addiction.
You may choose to develop a time line identifying the stages or develop a written essay (no more than 500 words in Word format) to describe the escalation of addictive behaviors.
You are to include at least two references from academic sources that you have researched on this topic in the Excelsior College Library and use appropriate citations in American Psychological Association (APA) style.
You cannot just do a Google search for the topic! Academic sources are required. You may use Google Scholar or other libraries.
Chapter 13
Qualitative Data Analysis
1
Process of Qualitative Data Analysis
Preparing the Qualitative Data
Transform the data into readable text
Check for and resolve transcription errors
Manage the data
Organize by attribute coding
Two Separate Processes
5
Coding: Involves labeling and breaking down the data to find:
Patterns
Themes
Interpretation: Giving meaning to the identified patterns and themes
Coding
Starts with identifying the unit of analysis
Coding categories may reflect realms of meaning or different activities.
Coding categories can be theoretically-based or inductively created emerging from the data.
Use of Analytical Memos
7
Analytical memos help researchers w/ process of breaking down the data
Personal reflections on the research experience, methodological issues, or patterns in the data
Comes in 3 varieties:
Code notes
Operational notes
Theoretical notes
Data Displays
Taxonomy: system of ordered classification
Data matrix: individuals or other units represent columns and coding categories represent rows
Typologies: representation of findings based on the interrelationship between two or more ideas, concepts, or variables
Flow charts: diagrams that display processes
Taxonomy of Survival Strategies
Data Matrix: Homeless Individuals by Dimensions
Drawing and Evaluating Conclusions
Conclusions may result in:
Rich descriptions
Identification of themes
Inferences about patterns and concepts
Theoretical propositions
Evaluation of the data can occur by:
Comparing notes among observers
Using multiple sources of data
Examining exceptions to the data patterns
Member checking
Variations in Qualitative Data Analysis: Grounded Theory
Objective is to develop theory from data
Emphasizes people’s actions and voices as the main sources of d.
It is about Data analyzis that refers to sifting, organizing, summarizing and synthesizing the data so as to arrive at the results and conclusions of the research.
It is about Data analyzis that refers to sifting, organizing, summarizing and synthesizing the data so as to arrive at the results and conclusions of the research.
Types of Statistical Analyses MatrixCarrington Sherman, Donn.docxmarilucorr
Types of Statistical Analyses Matrix
Carrington Sherman, Donna Crawford, Henry Izeke, Stella Crozier, Trish Gordon
HCS 542
April 2, 2018
Lane Baggett
Purpose
Example of when it would be used
provides information about significance of differences between groups
provides information about significance of relationships between variables
provides information about a single sample vs. two or more samples
is parametric or nonparametric
Descriptive Statistics: Mean
The average
Average grades in the class
Mean is different from the median because it is the sum of the data set then divided by the total of the number of the data set. So, the average.
Mean and median are both a type of average
A single sample is getting average of the data set
Two or more samples you are getting mean of all means or the average of all the samples
Parametric
Descriptive Statistics: Median
Midpoint in a data set
Median salary; Middle of a groups salary which different from the mean because low and high salaries could way the average.
The median is different from the mean because it is the midpoint of the data set or sample being used. The mean and median can be the same but rarely
Median and mean are both a type of average
With one set or sample it is simply the midpoint such as 3, 5, 12; 5 is your midpoint.
If there is two sets or samples put all the numbers together and then find the midpoint.
Parametric
Descriptive Statistics: Mode
Value that appears most often
Looking at bar chart of incomes that is mostly around minimum wage then you have a couple that make a million dollars.
Mode shows the top number or numbers that are most used but it can affect both the mean and median.
Mode can affect both the median and the mean
There can be no mode
One mode or numbers: unimodal
Two modes or numbers: bimodal
Three modes or numbers: trim (Smith, 2018)odal
Parametric
Descriptive Statistics: Ratio Variables
Ratio variables are used to show comparisons between two or more samples. They are characterized by having answers that are numbers on a scale; the difference between two samples is expressed as having a numeric value which is significant and where a zero response indicates that there is none of that variable, also known as having a true zero.
Used for measurements such as height, weight and BP.
The significance of differences between groups is expressed as a ratio of two measurements that are being compared. For example, a weight of 4 grams is twice the weight of 2 grams, or a 2 to 1 ratio.
Used to show comparison between two or more variables. Can be used to compute the following: how frequent one variable occurs (counts) compared to another, mean, median, mode, percentiles of variables, add or subtract, standard deviation, and ratio. The difference between variables can be quantified. There is an order to the values on the scale.
One sample demonstrates what value is present. Two or more samples demonstrate comparison.
Parametric
Descriptive Stati ...
How to choose the right statistics techniques in different situation. This short presentation provide a compact summary on various method of statistics either descriptive and inferential.
for further inquiry please reach me at bodhiyawijaya@gmail.com
This assessment is designed to evaluate your proficiency in the foll.docxhowardh5
This assessment is designed to evaluate your proficiency in the following standards: CCSS: W.11-12.4 - Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
CCSS: RL.11-12.3. Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of the story or drama (for example, where the story is set, how the action is ordered, and how the characters are introduced and developed).
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.11-12.2
Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text.
Read:
“As the North Wind Howled” | The New Yorker
And answer the questions:
1.
Writers use literary devices to signal to their readers important details that build the themes of their story, one such literary device used in the above story is ___________. _________ helps to develop the plot by showing the reader __________ about the story. For example when it says ____________ this means _________, which builds the plot by ______.
2.
A possible theme for this story is ________________ because _______. On the other hand it could be _______ because ________.
.
This assessment has three-parts. Click each of the items below to.docxhowardh5
This assessment has three-parts. Click each of the items below to complete this assessment.
Part I: Family Engagement
As you begin to consider how you will engage families at the start of the new school year, it is important to reflect upon why family engagement is necessary and beneficial for children, families, and early childhood programs. Review Document #1: Blue Stream Early Learning Center Overview.
Document #1: Blue Stream Early Learning Center Overview
Center Information
Founded in 1978
Five Different Classroom Levels
1. 6 weeks to 1 year old
1. 1 year old to 2 years old
1. 2 years old to 3 years old
1. 3 years old
1. 4 years old and 5 years old
Classroom Size: Up to 12 children
Teacher/Child Ratio: 1:4 to 1:12 (varies by level)
Current Enrollment: 46
No. of Teachers: 12
Student Demographics
Race/Ethnicity
White: 76%
Asian: 13%
Black: 3%
Hispanic: 8%
Gender
Female: 59%
Male: 41%
Household Income
Less than $25,000: 8%
$25,000 to $49,999: 23%
$50,000 to $74,999: 32%%
$75,000 to $99,999: 27%
$100,000 or more: 10%
Single-Income Household: 39%
Dual-Income Household: 61%
Household Type:
One-Parent: 17%
Two-Parent: 78%
Other (Grandparents, Relatives, etc.): 5%
In two to three pages, do the following:
· Explain why family engagement is important for the healthy development of children and why it is essential to creating a foundation for effective early childhood practice.
· Describe at least two strategies that you would use to engage families prior to the beginning of the school year.
· Explain why you chose these strategies and how each strategy can be used to promote a respectful, reciprocal, and responsive partnership with the families.
Part II: Individualized Family Communication Plans
Imagine that it is now the second week of the school year. You have received the completed Beginning of the Year Questionnaires that you sent to the children’s families as seen in the following documents:
Document #2: Jon Hall: Beginning of the Year Questionnaire
Document #2: John Hall: Beginning of the Year Questionnaire
Tell Me A Little Bit About Your Child
All information will be kept confidential.
Your Name: Stephanie Hall___________________________________________________________
Your Child’s Name: Jonathan Hall______________________________________________________
Nicknames: Jonny, Jon_______________________________________________________________
Does your child have allergies or any other health conditions we should be aware of?
He has illness-induced asthma and is allergic to strawberries._______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
What is the most important thing I should know about your child?
He is painfully shy around new children and adults, but he can be talkative once he gets__________ comfortable with someone. One-on-one interactions are the best way to get him out of his shell._
________________________________________________________________________.
More Related Content
Similar to this activity is designed for you to explore the continuum of an a.docx
Types of Statistical Analyses MatrixCarrington Sherman, Donn.docxmarilucorr
Types of Statistical Analyses Matrix
Carrington Sherman, Donna Crawford, Henry Izeke, Stella Crozier, Trish Gordon
HCS 542
April 2, 2018
Lane Baggett
Purpose
Example of when it would be used
provides information about significance of differences between groups
provides information about significance of relationships between variables
provides information about a single sample vs. two or more samples
is parametric or nonparametric
Descriptive Statistics: Mean
The average
Average grades in the class
Mean is different from the median because it is the sum of the data set then divided by the total of the number of the data set. So, the average.
Mean and median are both a type of average
A single sample is getting average of the data set
Two or more samples you are getting mean of all means or the average of all the samples
Parametric
Descriptive Statistics: Median
Midpoint in a data set
Median salary; Middle of a groups salary which different from the mean because low and high salaries could way the average.
The median is different from the mean because it is the midpoint of the data set or sample being used. The mean and median can be the same but rarely
Median and mean are both a type of average
With one set or sample it is simply the midpoint such as 3, 5, 12; 5 is your midpoint.
If there is two sets or samples put all the numbers together and then find the midpoint.
Parametric
Descriptive Statistics: Mode
Value that appears most often
Looking at bar chart of incomes that is mostly around minimum wage then you have a couple that make a million dollars.
Mode shows the top number or numbers that are most used but it can affect both the mean and median.
Mode can affect both the median and the mean
There can be no mode
One mode or numbers: unimodal
Two modes or numbers: bimodal
Three modes or numbers: trim (Smith, 2018)odal
Parametric
Descriptive Statistics: Ratio Variables
Ratio variables are used to show comparisons between two or more samples. They are characterized by having answers that are numbers on a scale; the difference between two samples is expressed as having a numeric value which is significant and where a zero response indicates that there is none of that variable, also known as having a true zero.
Used for measurements such as height, weight and BP.
The significance of differences between groups is expressed as a ratio of two measurements that are being compared. For example, a weight of 4 grams is twice the weight of 2 grams, or a 2 to 1 ratio.
Used to show comparison between two or more variables. Can be used to compute the following: how frequent one variable occurs (counts) compared to another, mean, median, mode, percentiles of variables, add or subtract, standard deviation, and ratio. The difference between variables can be quantified. There is an order to the values on the scale.
One sample demonstrates what value is present. Two or more samples demonstrate comparison.
Parametric
Descriptive Stati ...
How to choose the right statistics techniques in different situation. This short presentation provide a compact summary on various method of statistics either descriptive and inferential.
for further inquiry please reach me at bodhiyawijaya@gmail.com
Similar to this activity is designed for you to explore the continuum of an a.docx (20)
This assessment is designed to evaluate your proficiency in the foll.docxhowardh5
This assessment is designed to evaluate your proficiency in the following standards: CCSS: W.11-12.4 - Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
CCSS: RL.11-12.3. Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding how to develop and relate elements of the story or drama (for example, where the story is set, how the action is ordered, and how the characters are introduced and developed).
CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RL.11-12.2
Determine two or more themes or central ideas of a text and analyze their development over the course of the text, including how they interact and build on one another to produce a complex account; provide an objective summary of the text.
Read:
“As the North Wind Howled” | The New Yorker
And answer the questions:
1.
Writers use literary devices to signal to their readers important details that build the themes of their story, one such literary device used in the above story is ___________. _________ helps to develop the plot by showing the reader __________ about the story. For example when it says ____________ this means _________, which builds the plot by ______.
2.
A possible theme for this story is ________________ because _______. On the other hand it could be _______ because ________.
.
This assessment has three-parts. Click each of the items below to.docxhowardh5
This assessment has three-parts. Click each of the items below to complete this assessment.
Part I: Family Engagement
As you begin to consider how you will engage families at the start of the new school year, it is important to reflect upon why family engagement is necessary and beneficial for children, families, and early childhood programs. Review Document #1: Blue Stream Early Learning Center Overview.
Document #1: Blue Stream Early Learning Center Overview
Center Information
Founded in 1978
Five Different Classroom Levels
1. 6 weeks to 1 year old
1. 1 year old to 2 years old
1. 2 years old to 3 years old
1. 3 years old
1. 4 years old and 5 years old
Classroom Size: Up to 12 children
Teacher/Child Ratio: 1:4 to 1:12 (varies by level)
Current Enrollment: 46
No. of Teachers: 12
Student Demographics
Race/Ethnicity
White: 76%
Asian: 13%
Black: 3%
Hispanic: 8%
Gender
Female: 59%
Male: 41%
Household Income
Less than $25,000: 8%
$25,000 to $49,999: 23%
$50,000 to $74,999: 32%%
$75,000 to $99,999: 27%
$100,000 or more: 10%
Single-Income Household: 39%
Dual-Income Household: 61%
Household Type:
One-Parent: 17%
Two-Parent: 78%
Other (Grandparents, Relatives, etc.): 5%
In two to three pages, do the following:
· Explain why family engagement is important for the healthy development of children and why it is essential to creating a foundation for effective early childhood practice.
· Describe at least two strategies that you would use to engage families prior to the beginning of the school year.
· Explain why you chose these strategies and how each strategy can be used to promote a respectful, reciprocal, and responsive partnership with the families.
Part II: Individualized Family Communication Plans
Imagine that it is now the second week of the school year. You have received the completed Beginning of the Year Questionnaires that you sent to the children’s families as seen in the following documents:
Document #2: Jon Hall: Beginning of the Year Questionnaire
Document #2: John Hall: Beginning of the Year Questionnaire
Tell Me A Little Bit About Your Child
All information will be kept confidential.
Your Name: Stephanie Hall___________________________________________________________
Your Child’s Name: Jonathan Hall______________________________________________________
Nicknames: Jonny, Jon_______________________________________________________________
Does your child have allergies or any other health conditions we should be aware of?
He has illness-induced asthma and is allergic to strawberries._______________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
What is the most important thing I should know about your child?
He is painfully shy around new children and adults, but he can be talkative once he gets__________ comfortable with someone. One-on-one interactions are the best way to get him out of his shell._
________________________________________________________________________.
This Assessment constitutes a Performance Task in which you are as.docxhowardh5
This Assessment constitutes a Performance Task in which you are asked to assume the role of a director in an early childhood setting. You will be asked to research appropriate funding sources and to create a balanced budget that aligns with the mission and vision of the early childhood program provided in the scenario.
Envision that you are the director of The Learning Place Early Childhood Center. A severe flood has recently occurred in the area, causing water damage to many homes and businesses in the town.
In this Assessment, you will seek new funding sources to cover costs, develop a balanced budget, and provide a rationale for your budgetary decisions.
Your response to this Assessment should:
PART I: FUNDING SOURCES
On the “Funding Source Template” provided, list and describe at least three specific funding sources that you will seek out to help pay for the new costs due to the flooding. Provide a rationale explaining how the funding sources meet the needs of the early childhood program.
PART II – CREATING THE BUDGET
Create a balanced budget under the tab “Please Update Budget” in the Excel “Assessment Budget” document. This balanced budget must account for the following that occurred as a result of the flood:
1. The Learning Place Early Childhood Center needs a great deal of repairs as the entire floor is covered with up to 1-foot of water. The estimated repairs are approximately $15,000.
2. It will cost about $6,000 to fix the damaged furniture and equipment.
3. The outdoor play area has large cracks in the pavement and the jungle gym has become rusty due to flooding. Repairs on the outdoor play area are estimated at about $10,000.
4. Families in the neighborhood are experiencing losses in their homes as well. As a result, several families have decided to withdraw their children from your early childhood care center as they cannot afford the weekly tuition. The estimated tuition loss is approximately $25,000 for the year.
5. Two lead teachers and one assistant teacher have decided to move to a different town, causing them to resign from their positions. These teachers will only be paid approximately half their salaries for the year.
Balance your budget so that it is clearly aligned with the mission and beliefs of The Learning Place Early Childhood Center in the “Assessment Mission” document.
PART III: BUDGET RATIONALE
Write a 3- to 4-page essay that:
· Explains how your budget reflects the mission and vision of The Learning Place Early Childhood Center
· Provides the rationales for the changes that you made to the budget in Part II
· Explains why cash-flow analysis, projections, and long-term planning are all important when managing budgets (Note: In your explanation, be sure to relate these terms to the given scenario and any relevant professional experience that you may have.)
********** I have templates for the assignment. ****************
REFERENCE MATERIALS
PART I
This chapter excerpt provides information on various fundi.
This assessment challenges students to collect, compare and contrast.docxhowardh5
This assessment challenges students to collect, compare and contrast economic data on two countries
(one rich, one poor) and develop a multi draft essay and presentation that includes two policy
recommendations for the poor country on ways it might try to improve its economic performance and
social welfare.
Instructions
1. Students select two countries (one poor; one rich) that they are interested in.
2. Write the essay using the following structure
400 Words
APA
.
This Assessment constitutes a Performance Task in which you are aske.docxhowardh5
This Assessment constitutes a Performance Task in which you are asked to evaluate various sources of information related to a topic in the early childhood field. You will choose a topic from the options below, evaluate the credibility of both scholarly and Internet sources, analyze ethical guidelines, and synthesize your findings.
Access the following to complete this Assessment:
University of British Columbia. (n.d.).
Evaluating information sources
. Retrieved from
http://help.library.ubc.ca/evaluating-and-citing-sources/evaluating-information-sources/
University of California Berkeley Library. (2012).
Evaluating web pages: Techniques to apply and questions to ask
. Retrieved from
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/Evaluate.html
Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD). (2007).
Ethical standards in research
. Retrieved from
http://www.srcd.org/about-us/ethical-standards-research
Performance Task Submission Template
You will evaluate research related to your chosen topic and write a 5- to 7-page response using the template provided.
Topic Options:
The use of technology in early childhood programs
Dual language instruction in early childhood programs
Inclusion within the early childhood environment
Childhood obesity prevention strategies
This Assessment requires submission of one (1) document: a completed
Performance Task Submission Template
.
.
This Asignment has audio (Dnt knw how to post AUDIO but if u have .docxhowardh5
*This Asignment has audio* (Dnt knw how to post AUDIO but if u have answ great :)
ADELANTE | Escuchar Leccion 7
Preguntas
Contesta las siguientes preguntas según la entrevista.
1.¿Qué tiene Julián en común con otras personas de su misma profesión?
2.¿Te parece que Julián siempre fue rico? ¿Por qué?
3.¿Qué piensas de Julián como persona?
.
This article was downloaded by[Florida International Universi.docxhowardh5
This article was downloaded by:[Florida International University]
On: 22 July 2008
Access Details: [subscription number 788824511]
Publisher: Routledge
Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954
Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Justice Quarterly
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713722354
“Striking out” as crime reduction policy: The impact of
“three strikes” laws on crime rates in U.S. cities
Tomislav V. Kovandzic a; John J. Sloan III a; Lynne M. Vieraitis a
a University of Alabama at Birmingham,
Online Publication Date: 01 June 2004
To cite this Article: Kovandzic, Tomislav V., Sloan III, John J. and Vieraitis, Lynne
M. (2004) '“Striking out” as crime reduction policy: The impact of “three strikes”
laws on crime rates in U.S. cities', Justice Quarterly, 21:2, 207 — 239
To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/07418820400095791
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complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be
independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings,
demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or
arising out of the use of this material.
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A R T I C L E S
" S T R I K I N G OUT" A S C R I M E
R E D U C T I O N P O L I C Y :
T H E I M P A C T O F " T H R E E S T R I K E S "
I.AWS O N C R I M E R A T E S I N U . S . C I T I E S
TOMISLAV V. KOVANDZIC*
J O H N J. SLOAN, III**
L Y N N E M. VIERAITIS***
U n i v e r s i t y of Alabama at B i r m i n g h a m
During t h e 1990s, i n response to public dissatisfaction over w h a t were
perceived as ineffective crime reduction policies, 25 states and Congress
passed t h r e e strikes laws, designed to d e t e r criminal offenders by
m a n d a t i n g significant sentence e n h a n c e m e n t s for those w i t h prior
convictions. F e w large-scale e v a l u a t i o n s of t h e i m p a c t of t h e s .
This article was downloaded by [Carnegie Mellon University].docxhowardh5
This article was downloaded by: [Carnegie Mellon University]
On: 07 March 2014, At: 17:16
Publisher: Routledge
Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954
Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH,
UK
The Academy of Management
Annals
Publication details, including instructions for
authors and subscription information:
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Transactive Memory
Systems 1985–2010: An
Integrative Framework of Key
Dimensions, Antecedents, and
Consequences
Yuqing Ren a & Linda Argote b
a Carlson School of Management , University of
Minnesota
b Tepper School of Business , Carnegie Mellon
University
Published online: 26 Jul 2011.
To cite this article: Yuqing Ren & Linda Argote (2011) Transactive Memory
Systems 1985–2010: An Integrative Framework of Key Dimensions, Antecedents,
and Consequences, The Academy of Management Annals, 5:1, 189-229, DOI:
10.1080/19416520.2011.590300
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Transactive Memory Systems 1985 – 2010:
An Integrative Framework of Key Dimensions, Antecedents,
and Consequences
YUQING REN∗
Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota
LINDA ARGOTE
Tepper School of Business, Carnegie Mellon University
Abstract
Over two decades have passed since Wegner and his co-authors published th.
This article was downloaded by [University of California, Ber.docxhowardh5
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On: 26 February 2013, At: 21:14
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Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House,
37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK
Social & Cultural Geography
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rscg20
From oral histories to visual narratives: re-presenting
the post-September 11 experiences of the Muslim
women in the USA
Mei-Po Kwan a
a Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, 1036 Derby Hall, 154 North Oval Mall,
Columbus, OH, 43210-1361, USA E-mail:
Version of record first published: 13 Aug 2008.
To cite this article: Mei-Po Kwan (2008): From oral histories to visual narratives: re-presenting the post-September 11
experiences of the Muslim women in the USA, Social & Cultural Geography, 9:6, 653-669
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649360802292462
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This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic
reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to
anyone is expressly forbidden.
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From oral histories to visual narratives:
re-presenting the post-September 11
experiences of the Muslim women in the USA
Mei-Po Kwan
Department of Geography, The Ohio State University, 1036 Derby Hall,
154 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210-1361, USA, [email protected]
Since the attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in
Washington, DC on 11 September 2001, Muslims or Muslim-looking people in the USA
have experienced a significant increase in hostility and hate violence. The anti-Muslim
hate crimes have affected the lives of these people of color in significant ways. In this
article I seek to recover part of the post-September 11 experiences of American Muslims
that were obfuscated by the dominant anti-Muslim master narrative, which conflated the
Islamic faith with terrorism and constructed all Muslims as dangerous anti-American
outsiders. I explore a way of telling stories about these experiences using the expressive
power of geos.
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On: 18 August 2014, At: 10:57
Publisher: Routledge
Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954
Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH,
UK
Ethnic and Racial Studies
Publication details, including instructions for authors
and subscription information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rers20
The invisible weight of
whiteness: the racial grammar
of everyday life in contemporary
America
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
Published online: 29 Sep 2011.
To cite this article: Eduardo Bonilla-Silva (2012) The invisible weight of whiteness: the
racial grammar of everyday life in contemporary America, Ethnic and Racial Studies,
35:2, 173-194, DOI: 10.1080/01419870.2011.613997
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2011.613997
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ERS ANNUAL LECTURE 2011
The invisible weight of whiteness: the racial
grammar of everyday life in contemporary
America
Eduardo Bonilla-Silva
(First submission July 2011; First published September 2011)
Abstract
Racial domination, like all forms of domination, works best when it
becomes hegemonic, that is, when it accomplishes its goal without much
fanfare. In this paper, based on the Ethnic and Racial Studies Annual Lecture
I delivered in May 2011 in London, I argue there is somet.
This article states that people of color have a high death rate in t.docxhowardh5
This article states that people of color have a high death rate in the state of Texas. The high death rate could be due to lower income, the lack of access to health care, and preexisting conditions. Many people of color work in jobs that are more exposed to the virus and few work from home which is considered safer during the pandemic. Much of the deaths are tied to poverty and high populated areas. Hidalgo county, near the border of Mexico, was hit the hardest by the coronavirus. Delays in insurance and death certificates were the cause for the count being very high early on but they have since recalculated the number to 312 deaths due to the virus. The gulf of Texas was also hit hard with COVID-19. Hindsight being 20/20, we should have been tracking how to recover from the virus rather than focusing on the death toll so much.
“In 2016 an estimated 15 percent of Texans were uninsured, the highest percentage of any state and much higher than the 10 percent figure for the U.S. population as a whole” (Champagne 426). Our united states government has discussed ways to make health care available to all citizens. There are contrasted opinions amongst politicians and citizens on how it should be provided and to what extent. Another question that weighs on our government is: Should health care be a mandatory investment on each person? If the insurance is not affordable to a citizen due to poverty, then someone must pay for it in this scenario. During covid 19, I am sure that the government’s concern for lack of health insurance amongst the poor amplified across Texas. The situation in the article is logically consistent with our textbook. The government has had a concern with the lack of insurance and in the article, people died because of the lack of health care amongst the poorer U.S. citizens.
“Rural communities may be more vulnerable to disease outbreaks as they often exhibit high poverty rates and older populations with increased prevalence of comorbidities” (Holder, Katherine et al.) Comorbidities is the presence of two or more underlying conditions in one person. Holder states that increased inflammation from covid 19 also exasperates the underlying conditions which can cause death quickly in the patient. The author in this article is consistent with the first article and addresses the people that suffered with covid and due to their previous health concerns.
I helplessly watched my husband suffer through the virus along with Pneumonia in January. He does not have underlying health conditions that we are aware of and yet this virus was very scary. I scoured the internet on natural ways to add to the routine of the medications that the medical doctors provided to him. A lot of Mexican tea that consisted of garlic, rosemary, eucalyptus, and lemon was added to the routine along with me having my husband do as much walking as possible. More than anything, we prayed for God’s help. About 5 day.
This article needs to combine four articles to write my own views on.docxhowardh5
This article needs to combine four articles to write my own views on cooperation
1. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2012/8/30/academic-dishonesty-ad-board/
2. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2012/09/harvard-cheating-scandal-everyone-has-it-wrong-the-students-should-be-celebrated-for-collaborating-on-an-unfair-test.html
3. https://blogs.ams.org/phdplus/2013/02/03/the-take-home-lesson-from-the-harvard-cheating-scandal/
4. https://ila.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jaal.1002
I have written this essay but I need to revise a lot of things
.
This article deals basically with the dynamic environment of todays.docxhowardh5
This article deals basically with the dynamic environment of today's businesses. Despite all of the efforts a company puts forth to scan the environmental issues, crises can occur and have to be managed. The article first reviews several crises in businesses during the recent times, to define and identify the nature of a crisis. Then the anatomy of a crisis is presented schematically. Finally, by recommending certain preventive measures and interventions, the article concludes that acknowledging a crisis and communicating with the stakeholders are as important as planning the prevention, diagnosis, and intervention to solve crisis situations.
Full Text
Toby J. Kash: Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
John R. Darling: Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas, USA
Introduction
Strategic planning as a discipline has been concurrently taught and exercised in the past 40 years. This relatively new concept has been the major thrust in the management of US corporations. The art of strategic planning has helped the planners to forecast and cope with a variety of forces, issues and problems beyond their operating control. Nevertheless, all the non-foreseeable issues cannot be forecasted. Therefore, a certain productive function for the management of these issues and crises seems to be missing in a large number of companies. The strategic planning literature shows an experience curve in such forecasts, i.e. as mistakes are made, we learn from them. That is how contingency planning, scenario analysis and surprise management have evolved. The Johnson and Johnson Tylenol case, and the Union Carbide tragedy in Bhopal, India, are examples recurrently referred to in the strategic management literature. The way these two companies dealt with a crisis issue has provided us with a certain level of knowledge and experience that can be used in similar situations.
We have also learned that it is no longer a question of "if" a business will face a crisis; it is, rather, a question of "when," "what type" and "how prepared" the company is to deal with it (Mittroff et. al., 1996). Whether it is a natural disaster, such as an earthquake, tornado or flood, or a man made disaster, such as accidents, wildcat strikes or product tampering, a business will eventually face some form of crisis.
The MIR space station, built and placed in operation by the Soviet Union in 1986, had a very limited mission and encountered anticipated mechanical problems, for which the planners had devised solutions. With the infusion of $400 million by the USA to jointly operate the system, MIR faced a situation in June 1997 that was not forecasted. An unmanned cargo ship hit the spacecraft, disabling the MIR solar panels, thus affecting the airconditioning and lighting functions. This was a crisis to deal with. Two measures were found appropriate: a space walk for temporary repairs, and a manned supply shuttle later to perform major repairs. The question is, could t.
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The .docxhowardh5
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached
copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research
and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution
and sharing with colleagues.
Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or
licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party
websites are prohibited.
In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the
article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or
institutional repository. Authors requiring further information
regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are
encouraged to visit:
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http://www.elsevier.com/authorsrights
Author's personal copy
A simheuristic algorithm for the Single-Period Stochastic
Inventory-Routing Problem with stock-outs
Angel A. Juan a,⇑, Scott E. Grasman b, Jose Caceres-Cruz a,1, Tolga Bektas� c
a Department of Computer Science, Multimedia, and Telecommunication, IN3-Open University of Catalonia, 08018 Barcelona, Spain
b Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, USA
c Southampton Management School and Centre for Operational Research, Management Science and Information Systems (CORMSIS), University of Southampton, UK
a r t i c l e i n f o
Article history:
Available online 7 December 2013
Keywords:
Inventory-Routing Problem
Stochastic demands
Stock-outs
Simulation–optimization
Simheuristics
Randomized heuristics
a b s t r a c t
This paper describes a ‘simheuristic’ algorithm – one which combines simulation with
heuristics – for solving a stochastic variant of the well-known Inventory-Routing Problem.
The variant discussed here is integrated by a vehicle routing problem and several inventory
problems characterized by stochastic demands. Initial stock levels and potential stock-outs
are also considered, as well as a set of alternative refill policies for each retail center. The
goal is to find the personalized refill policies and associated routing plan that minimize, at
each single period, the expected total costs of the system, i.e., the sum of inventory and
routing costs. After motivating it, a detailed description of the problem is provided. Then,
a review of the related literature is performed and our simulation–optimization approach
is introduced. The paper presents a set of numerical experiments comparing the proposed
method against different refill strategies and discusses how total costs evolve as the level of
system uncertainty and the inventory-holding costs per unit are varied.
� 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
One of the most important paradigms in supply chain management is to move from sequential decision making toward
integrated decision making, where all parties in the supply chain determine the best policy for the entire system. This is in
contrast to sequentially optimized decisions in supply chains.
This are two separate questions with 100 words each.1)Currentl.docxhowardh5
This are two separate questions with 100 words each.
1)
Currently, a foreign born naturalized citizen cannot be President or Vice President, per the Constitution. Should this portion of the Constitution be amended? Why or why not?
2)
One problem in the electoral process is campaign contributions. Where does that money from? Why do people and organizations contribute thousands of dollars to candidates an political parties? Does money buy influence? Shoud it?
.
This age of improvement” held both a collective (public) component .docxhowardh5
This “age of improvement” held both a collective (public) component and an individual (private) component. That is, the impulse for reform aimed at improving American society by elevating the moral behavior of individual Americans. Discuss this process by examining the various reform movements that defined the age. How did this impulse for reform seek to impact the broader political, cultural, and economic landscape of American society? When responding to your peers, discuss what the reformers hoped to accomplish. What impact did their efforts have?
*** Use proper citation methods for your discipline when referencing scholarly or popular sources. ***
.
This assignment has three partsKnowing that global busine.docxhowardh5
This assignment has three parts:
Knowing that global business models are constantly changing, how do you perceive IT systems helping or hindering the change process? Explain
What elements do you believe should be included in Disaster Recovery planning and why?
Companies may abuse or ethically misuse information systems in regard to customers and employees. Have you or someone you know experienced such abuse? If so, how was it handled? If not, how would you begin to take steps to eliminate such abuse or misuse?
.
This assignment has many benefits. First, it requires a search o.docxhowardh5
This assignment has many benefits. First, it requires a search of indexing and abstracting databases from the online library to find an article that meets the specified criteria (must be related to ethics). It also emphasizes what a scholarly article is; to discern between scholarly and non-scholarly writing; to condense someone else's lengthy argument into a concise report; to think critically about what has been read by assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the research; and, thus, to become participants in the discussions regarding the topic at hand.
FYI: Wikipedia is not an acceptable resource for academic writing. Please use the university library for reference. Articles must be peer-reviewed.
.
This assignment has 5 parts.Collaboration in a business enviro.docxhowardh5
This assignment has 5 parts.
Collaboration in a business environment is a best practice that leverages the collective knowledge of the team that is assembled. Peer evaluation and support, provided in the spirit of continuous improvement and organizational success, result in higher quality deliverables than what are generally possible by the efforts of an individual.
Describe the process that you plan to use to conduct research, identify findings, and develop the Comprehensive Project that is due in Unit 5.
Present a preliminary outline that indicates how you intend to organize the project deliverable.
Please review the process and outlines of other students, providing an objective assessment and constructive feedback that will help strengthen the effectiveness of their efforts and the quality of their finished products.
What are the essential elements of a Mission Statement?
What is the purpose of a Key Operating Principle?
What sort of additional material would best ensure success of the project? Why?
.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
this activity is designed for you to explore the continuum of an a.docx
1. this activity is designed for you to explore the continuum of an
addictive behavior of your choice.
Addictive behavior appears in stages. The earliest stage is non-
use, which finally leads up to out-of-control dependence. The
stages in between are important to identify, as it is much easier
to correct an early-stage issue as opposed to a late-stage
problem.
After reviewing the module readings and tasks, use the module
notes as a reference and alcohol or substance abuse addiction as
an example to identify the various levels of addiction.
You may choose to develop a time line identifying the stages or
develop a written essay (no more than 500 words in Word
format) to describe the escalation of addictive behaviors.
You are to include at least two references from academic
sources that you have researched on this topic in the Excelsior
College Library and use appropriate citations in American
Psychological Association (APA) style.
You cannot just do a Google search for the
topic! Academic sources are required. You may use Google
Scholar or other libraries.
Chapter 13
Qualitative Data Analysis
1
2. Process of Qualitative Data Analysis
Preparing the Qualitative Data
Transform the data into readable text
Check for and resolve transcription errors
Manage the data
Organize by attribute coding
3. Two Separate Processes
5
Coding: Involves labeling and breaking down the data to find:
Patterns
Themes
Interpretation: Giving meaning to the identified patterns and
themes
Coding
Starts with identifying the unit of analysis
Coding categories may reflect realms of meaning or different
activities.
Coding categories can be theoretically-based or inductively
4. created emerging from the data.
Use of Analytical Memos
7
Analytical memos help researchers w/ process of breaking down
the data
Personal reflections on the research experience, methodological
issues, or patterns in the data
Comes in 3 varieties:
Code notes
Operational notes
Theoretical notes
Data Displays
5. Taxonomy: system of ordered classification
Data matrix: individuals or other units represent columns and
coding categories represent rows
Typologies: representation of findings based on the
interrelationship between two or more ideas, concepts, or
variables
Flow charts: diagrams that display processes
Taxonomy of Survival Strategies
6. Data Matrix: Homeless Individuals by Dimensions
Drawing and Evaluating Conclusions
Conclusions may result in:
Rich descriptions
Identification of themes
Inferences about patterns and concepts
Theoretical propositions
Evaluation of the data can occur by:
Comparing notes among observers
Using multiple sources of data
Examining exceptions to the data patterns
7. Member checking
Variations in Qualitative Data Analysis: Grounded Theory
Objective is to develop theory from data
Emphasizes people’s actions and voices as the main sources of
data
Uses constant-comparative method to analyze the data
Data collection, coding, and interpretation are closely integrated
in CCM
Variations in Qualitative Data Analysis: Grounded Theory
Involves taking multiple passes through the data:
Pass 1: No coding is done
Pass 2: Open coding
Pass 3: Axial coding
8. Pass 4: Theoretical coding
Variations in Qualitative Data Analysis:
Thematic Analysis
Main goal is to identify themes expressed within a text.
Criteria for identifying themes:
Recurrence
Repetition
Forcefulness
Variations in Qualitative Data Analysis
Narrative analysis
Objective is to examine the structure, meaning, and other
characteristics of stories
9. Used to analyze journals, interviews, and other personal sharing
of data
Used in conjunction with life history interviews
Conversation analysis
Objective is to analyze the structure, sequencing, word choice,
and other characteristics of conversations
May be based on video and/or audio recordings
Uses a detailed shorthand notation to indicate speakers’ pauses,
emphases, silences
.MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Fill {
fill:#B01513;
}
.MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Stroke {
stroke:#B01513;
}
Chapter 12
10. Quantitative Data Analysis: Part 3
Testing Hypotheses of Differences
Hypotheses of differences focus on predicting differences in the
dependent variable across different levels of an independent
variable.
There are 3 options available for testing differences across
groups:
Chi-square
t-test
Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
Chi-Square
Examines whether frequencies found for different levels of the
dependent variable is influenced by different levels of the
independent variable.
11. Chi-square looks at comparing observed frequencies to expected
frequencies.
Chi-square statistic can be calculated by using cross-tabulations
or contingency tables.
Rows represent the dependent variable
Columns represent the independent variable
Attitude Toward Gun Control by Sex:
Frequency Table
Measures of Association For Nominal or Ordinal-Level
Variables
To determine how strongly frequencies are related between 2
12. nominal or ordinal-level variables, a variety of measures can be
used:
Percentage differences
Cramer’s phi coefficient
Chi-square statistic
The chi-square statistic requires that both the IV and the DV are
at the nominal or ordinal-level of measurement.
t-test
Examines whether mean differences in the dependent variable
across 2 groups is influenced by the independent variable.
Compares observed mean differences between 2 groups to
expected mean differences based on chance.
The t-test is used only when the following are met:
The IV is a nominal-level variable with 2 categories or levels
13. The DV is an interval or ratio-level variable
t-test
There are 4 types of t-tests available depending on 2 factors
Independent vs. paired samples
One-tailed vs. two-tailed test
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
An ANOVA allows us to determine whether mean differences in
the dependent variable across 3 or more groups is influenced by
the independent variable.
Types of ANOVAs used depend on specific conditions:
One-way ANOVA
Factorial ANOVA
MANOVA
Additional variations of the ANOVA:
ANCOVA
14. Repeated-measures ANOVA
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
The F statistic (or F-ratio) is calculated to determine whether 3
or more group means significantly differ from each other in
terms of the dependent variable.
The F-ratio compares the average variance between the groups
examined to the average variance within each group.
Average variance between groups is known as mean square
between (MSB).
Average variance within each group is known as mean square
within (MSW).
Determining Significance in Hypothesis Testing
When testing hypotheses of covariation or hypotheses of
15. differences, significance is determined by comparing the
calculated inferential statistic to the critical inferential statistic
value found in a table.
The chi-square, t-statistic, and F-statistic each have their own
tables of critical values based on a normal distribution of data.
A hypothesis is supported if the calculated statistic is greater
than the critical value.
A hypothesis is not supported if the calculated statistic is lesser
than or equal to the critical value.
Chapter 12
Quantitative Data Analysis: Part 2
Logic of Hypothesis Testing
Calculating inferential statistics allow us to test hypotheses to
determine:
If 2 or more variables have linear relationships (hypothesis of
covariation)
16. If 2 or more groups differ on an outcome variable (hypothesis of
difference)
Statistical tests examine the probability that an observed linear
relationship between variables or differences between groups
occurred by chance
Errors in Hypothesis Testing
Null should not be rejected in realityNull should be rejected in
realityDecide to reject the null based on testType I error – Null
is rejected even though it should not beDecision 1 – Null is
rejected when it should beDecide not to reject the null based on
testDecision 2 – Null is not rejected when it should not beType
II error – Null is not rejected even though it should be
Testing Hypotheses of Covariations
4
Hypotheses of covariation focus on predicting linear
relationships between two or more interval/ratio-level variables.
17. There are 2 options available for testing linear relationships:
Regression
Both tests are similar in their abilities to test for a linear
relationship between variables, but not a curvilinear
relationship.
Key difference is in interpretation of the 2 variables examined.
Correlation – either variable can be the IV or DV
Regression – there is a clear indicator of the IV and the DV
Correlation
Correlations
5
18. Correlation coefficient r has values ranging from -1.00 to 1.00
Number provides an indicator of strength of the linear
relationship
Sign provides direction of relationship
Four common types:
Pearson correlation
Point-biserial correlation
Phi correlation
Spearman rho correlation
Interpreting the Coefficient
Direction
of relationship
Positive- both variables increase or both variables decrease
Negative – one variable increases while the other decreases
Relationship strength
< .20 – slight, almost negligible
19. .20-.40 – low, definite but small
.40-.70 – moderate, substantial
.70-.90 – high; marked
>.90 – very high or dependable
6
Regressions
Estimates the linear relationships between one or more
independent variable(s) and a dependent variable.
Regression analysis focuses on finding the best fitting straight
line to predict the dependent variable based on the data.
General formula for regression line: Y = a + bX
a is the Y-intercept
b is the slope/regression coefficient:
20. Scatterplot: Cumulative GPA and Semester GPA
Scatterplot: Cumulative GPA and Number of Drinks
Regressions
Regression coefficient indicates magnitude of the effect
There are 2 basic types of regressions:
Simple linear regression
21. Multiple regression
Other Forms of Regression
11
Hierarchical regression Researcher enters IVs in the order in
which they are theoretically presumed to influence the DV.
Stepwise regression
Order of variables is determined by statistical analysis based on
the degree of influence each IV has on the DV.
Beta Weights
12
22. Also known as beta coefficients (β)
Provides a standardized measure of the magnitude of influence
for different IVs on the DV.
Coefficients range from +1.00 to –1.00
Chapter 12
Quantitative Data Analysis: Part 1
Process of Quantitative Data Analysis
Steps in Data Processing
Coding
23. Transforming data into numbers
Entering
Input data into a data file with rows for cases and columns for
variables
Cleaning
Detecting and resolving errors in the data file
Verification of data entries
Wild-code and consistency checking
Data Inspection and Modification
Look for extreme values or outliers in your data.
24. Prevalence of missing values
Listwise deletion
Imputation
How data may be modified by recoding and by combining two
or more variables
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Descriptive statistics
Help us organize and summarize data with the goal of making
them more intelligible.
Inferential statistics
Help us to estimate population characteristics based on sample
data and test hypotheses.
Calculating Descriptive Statistics
25. Involves producing frequency and percentage distributions
Involves calculating a variety of univariate statistics
Measures of central tendency
Measures of dispersion
Measures of Central Tendency
Mean = It is an unbiased estimate of the population mean.
Median = It is the 50th percentile value in an ordered
distribution
Mode = Most frequently occurring score
Measures of Variability or Dispersion
26. Range = Difference between the highest and lowest values in a
distribution of values
Variance = average deviation of scores from the mean
Standard deviation = standardized average deviation from the
mean.
Reflects the shape of the distribution for a set of data
Describing Data Distributions
Data distributions can broadly be described as having a
Normal distribution
Skewed distribution
Mean > median or mode (positive)
Mean < median or mode (negative)
27. Data distributions can also be described based on height
(kurtosis value):
Platykurtic
Mesokurtic
Leptokurtic
Normal Distribution and Standard Deviation
10
Concluding Thoughts on Descriptive Statistics
Type of descriptive statistics calculated for a given variable
depends on the level of measurement for the variable.
28. Nominal or ordinal level of measurement
Interval or ratio level of measurement
Descriptive statistics can be summarized visually using a
variety of formats such as:
Tables
Graphs (Histogram, pie chart)
Study Aid for COMM 3023 Exam 3
Exam 3 will cover materials from Chapters 11-14.
Chapter 11 – Multiple Methods
1. What 2 strengths do experiments provide that are weaknesses
of field research?
2. What 2 strengths are shared by experiments and surveys?
3. What are the 4 purposes of doing mixed methods research?
4. Know the 2 dimensions that allows us to describe mixed
methods research designs.
5. What is the difference of taking a fixed vs. random effects
model for doing a meta-analysis?
Chapter 12 – Quantitative Data Analysis
6. Know what it means to carry out dummy coding, wild-code
checking, and listwise deletion.
7. When entering data in a matrix table, what do the rows and
29. columns represent?
8. What measure of central tendency provides us with a true
central value?
9. What measures of central tendency & variability are
negatively impacted by outliers?
10. What is the definition of variance?
11. How is standard deviation related to the kurtosis for a
distribution of scores?
12. What can the measures of central tendency tell us about the
skewness for a data set?
13. Distinguish between a positively and a negatively skewed
distribution of scores.
14. What % of scores falls within +/- 1 interval of standard
deviation for a perfect curve?
15. Percentage distributions are useful for describing data at
what level(s) of measurement?
16. How should we interpret the data when p<.05 when
comparing 2 groups on an outcome?
17. What is the difference between Type 1 and Type II error?
18. What is the link between significance level & the 2 types of
hypothesis testing errors?
19. What key similarity is shared by correlations and
regressions?
20. Know the different types of correlations available and when
are they used.
21. Know the general guidelines for interpreting the strength of
the correlation coefficient.
22. The general regression line formula is Y=a+bx. Know what
a and b represent.
23. What is the difference between a simple linear vs. multiple
regression?
24. What are the two special forms of regressions and when are
they used?
25. What do beta weights (or beta coefficients) provide us a
measure of?
26. When should chi-square be used?
30. 27. When should a t-test be used?
28. What is the difference between an independent-samples and
a paired-samples t-test?
29. What is the difference between a one-tailed vs. a two-tailed
t-test?
30. What is the standard error?
31. When should an ANOVA be used?
32. What is the difference between a one-way ANOVA,
factorial ANOVA, and MANOVA?
33. What are the two variations of the regular ANOVA and
when are they used?
34. What does the F-ratio compare?
35. What basic decision rule applies in deciding whether or not
a hypothesis is supported?
Chapter 13 – Qualitative Data Analysis
36. What 3 steps are involved in the feedback loop of
qualitative data analysis?
37. What are the 2 common types of error that occur during
transcription of data?
38. What are the 3 different types of analytical memos?
39. What are the 4 types of data displays used for qualitative
data?
40. What are the 4 ways for evaluating conclusions drawn
based on qualitative data?
41. What does the constant comparative method entail within
grounded theory?
42. What are the 3 types of coding used in grounded theory &
31. when are they performed?
43. What are the 3 criteria needed to help identify themes
within a thematic analysis?
44. What type of analysis could be used in conjunction with
life history interviews?
Chapter 14 – Reading and Writing Research Reports
45. What are the 3 key steps prior to designing and preparing a
research proposal?
46. What part of an article should be reviewed to judge its
relevance for a literature review?
47. What does the practice of free writing refer to?
48. What part of research report addresses the question, “Why
should I care?”
49. What are the different parts that make up the methods
section of a research report?
50. What steps should be taken to ensure the final report is of
high quality?