THINKING ITS TYPES WITH EXAMPLE & ITS LEVELS.pptx

Pooja Sen
Nursing Lecturer (MHN)
THINKING

Thinking is also known as cognition,
refers to the ability to process
information, hold attention ,store &
retrievals memories and select
appropriate response & action.
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1. ACCORDING TO
WOOD WORTH
Thinking is a mental
exploration for finding
out the solution of the
problems.
2. ACCORDING TO
GILMER
Thinking is a problem
solving process, in which
we use ideas or symbols in
places of overt activity.
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3. ACCORDING TO
MAIER
Thinking is the
perceptual relationship
which provides for the
solution of the problem.
4. ACCORDING TO
MOHSIN
“Thinking is an
implicit problem
solving
behaviour”.
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1. Perceptual OR Concrete
Thinking
2. Conceptual OR Abstract
Thinking
3. Reflective OR Logical Thinking
4. Creative Thinking
5. Critical Thinking
6. Problem Solving Thinking
7. Convergent Thinking Pooja Sen

1.PERCEPTUAL OR CONCRETE
THINKING –
• Perceptual thinking is the simplest form
of thinking.
• The basis of this type of thinking is
perception that is interpretation of
sensation according to one’s experience.
• It is also called as concrete thinking.
• Perceptual thinking is essential in early
development & learning.
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EXAMPLE – a child might follow traffic rules such as stopping red
light only because they see adults stopping or because someone told
them to.
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2. CONCEPTUAL OR ABSTRACT
THINKING –
• It does not require the perception of
actual object or events.
• It is an abstract thinking where one
makes use of concepts, the
generalized ideas and language.
• This type of thinking allows
individuals to see patterns
relationships and connections
between ideas.
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EXAMPLE- They might plan to save 20% of their income
monthly for retirement recognizing the long term values.
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3. REFLECTIVE THINKING OR
LOGICAL THINKING –
• Reflective thinking aims to solving
complex problems rather then simple
problems. It requires reorganization of
all the relevant experiences and finding
new ways of reacting to a situation.
• Mental activity in reflective Thinking
does not undergo any mechanical trial
and error type of effort.
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EXAMPLE – There are 4 people in a room Alice ,Bob, Charlie and Dana . Each person has
a different profession teacher, doctor, engineer and lawyer. The following clue are given.
1. Alice is not the doctor or the lawyer.
2. Bob is the teacher.
3. The doctor is setting next to the engineer.
4. Dana is not the engineer.
Based on these clues, can you determine who has which profession ?
ANSWER-
1. Alice is not the doctor or the lawyer so she must be the engineer.
2. Bob is the teacher, so he is the teacher.
3. The doctor is sitting next to the engineer. Since Alice is the engineer the doctor must be
next to her meaning Charlie is the doctor.
4. Dana is not the engineer so dana must be the lawyer.
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4. CREATIVE THINKING –
• Creative thinking is chiefly aimed at
creating something new .
• The individual himself usually
formulates the problems and is free
to collect evidence and invent tools
for its solutions.
• In other words cognitive activity
directed towards some creative work
refers to creative thinking.
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EXAMPLE – Painting Portrait, Composting a music , writing a
novel , Architectural design.
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5. CRITICAL THINKING –
• Critical thinking is a higher order well
disciplined thought process which
involves use of cognitive skills like
conceptualization , interpretation,
analysis and evaluation valid and
reliable judgement.
EXAMPLE - CPR at the time of
emergency situation .
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6. PROBLEM SOLVING THINKING
• Problem solving thinking involve
analyzing a problem breaking it down
into smaller parts and effective
solution.
• This type of thinking often follow a
logical, step by step process to
identify the root cause and apply
strategies to resolve the issues.
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EXAMPLE - A person is often late for work
in the mornings which causes stress and
affects productivity related throughout the
day.
Possible solution –
1. set alarm
2. Prepare clothes lunch and work materials
the night before to reduce morning tasks.
3. Create Morning routine.
4. Limit distractions in morning like
watching TV or checking phone.
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7. CONVERGENT THINKING
Convergent thinking focuses on finding a single, correct solution to a
problem. It involves narrowing down multiple ideas or possibilities to
find the most appropriate or correct answer.
EXAMPLE - Imagine you're solving a math problem like "What is
17 × 9?" The correct answer is 153, and convergent thinking would
lead you directly to this solution through logical steps.
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8. DIVERGENT THINKING
Divergent thinking involves exploring multiple possible solutions or
ideas in a creative, free-flowing way. It emphasizes thinking in many
different directions and generating multiple alternatives.
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EXAMPLE –
Task: Imagine your part of a team looking to improve mental health
and well-being for employees in a company. Instead of focusing on
one solution, you brainstorm multiple possible strategies.
• Flexible working hours to help employees balance work and
personal life.
• On-site meditation or yoga classes to reduce stress.
• Employee counseling programs, providing access to therapists or
support groups.
• Team-building activities such as group hikes or creative
workshops to encourage social interaction.
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NATURE
OF
THINKIN
G Pooja Sen

1. It is essential
and important
type of cognitive
activity.
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2. Thinking allows
individual to deal
with concepts,
ideas and
symbols that may
not be physically
present.
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3. Thinking
connects
different ideas ,
concepts and
memories.
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4. Thinking is
dynamic and
flexible type of
cognitive
function. It can
shift rapidly.
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5. It is
describe as
problem
solving
behaviour.
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6. Emotion or
society and
cultural practices
influenced the or
provide the shape
of thinking.
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7. Thinking often has
a purpose or goal
such as solving
problem,
understanding a
concept or making
decision.
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LEVELS OF THINKING
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1. KNOWLEDGE – Recalling memorized
information
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2. COPREHENSION – The ability to grasp
the meaning of material, translating or
interpreting information

3. APPLICATION – The ability to use
learned material in new & concrete
situations, applying rules methods &
concept.
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4. SYNTHESIS & ANALYSIS – The ability to
put parts together to form a new whole.

5. EVALUATION – The ability to judge the
value of material for given purpose.
Pooja Sen

Pooja Sen

THINKING ITS TYPES WITH EXAMPLE & ITS LEVELS.pptx

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