The document outlines the factors affecting memory, categorized into extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors include the meaningfulness of material, the amount and time required for memorization, and the level of distraction, while intrinsic factors encompass age, interests, intelligence, rest, medical conditions, nutrient deficiencies, alcohol, medication, and psychological problems. Understanding these factors can help enhance memory retention and recall.

1. FACTORS AFFECTING MEMORY

2. Memory refers to process of remembering. The
factors ,which influence memory are divided into
extrinsic factors and intrinsic factors.
EXTRINSIC FACTORS -
1. Meaningfulness of material to be memorized.
2. Amount of material to be memorized.
3. Time required to vocalize responses.
4. Distraction

3. INTRINSIC FACTORS –
Age of the individual
Will to Learn
1. Interests and Attention
2. Intelligence
3. Rest and Sleep
4. Medical Conditions
5. Nutrient Deficiencies
6. Alcohol
7. Medication
8. Psychological Problems

4. EXTRINSIC FACTORS -
1. Meaningfulness of material to be memorized -
Meaningful and motives and purposes of an individual
can be properly retained for a long time and may be
reproduced easily ,when needed.
2. Amount of material to be memorized – Size and
quantity of the material to be memorized.

5. 3. Time required to vocalize responses – Memory span is
consistently higher for short words than for long words.
4. Distraction- Greater distraction present in the situation, the
poor would be the performance of the individual. Clam and
quite atmosphere proves to be an effective aid to learning.

6. INTRINSIC FACTORS
1. Age Of the Individual – This is a factor ,which is affected
memory span .span increases between 16 to 26 years level.
youngster can remember better than the aged .
2. Will to Learn – Material read ,heard or seen with out genuine
interest difficult to be remembered or recalled at a later time.

7. 3. Interest and Attention – Interest as well as attention is
essential for learning and memorization .A person who has no
interest in what he learns will not give due attention to it and
will not be able to learn it .
4. Intelligence – More intelligent person will have Better
memory than a less intelligent person.
5. Rest and Sleep – Adequate sleep and rest helps to relieve
fatigue .A mind which is fresh us naturally able to learn more
and retain it for a longer period than a mind which is dull and
fatigued.

8. 6. Medical Conditions – Major causes for memory loss
contributed by medical conditions and eating habits .
■ High Blood Pressure
■ Brain Tumor
■ Alzheimer’s Diseases
■ Attention Deficit Disorders
7. Nutrient Deficiencies – Deficiency of certain Minerals,
Vitamins and other nutrients can cause cognitive problems.

9. 8. Alcohol – Alcohol act as a depressant. Short term memory is
affected by excessive drinking.
9. Medication – Some drugs like Benzodiazepines can cause
temporary memory disturbance.
10. Psychological Problems – Psychological problems like
patients with anxiety and depression suffer with memory
impairment .
Head Injury .