There are numerous interest groups influencing government action in the United States today.
Given your personal situation, interests, activities, and aspirations, list five special interest
groups, which you might consider actively supporting, at least to some degree. For each group
you list, provide an action, or a piece of legislation, which you believe the group should endorse.
Solution
List of five interest groups:
1. Business Most scholars would agree that business plays a central role in American politics.
Major corporations carry the prestige of being important players in the U.S. economy. Because
elected officials are held accountable for the nation\'s economic performance, they often fear
anti-business policies will harm that performance.
2. Labor unions Labor unions grew slowly in the early part of the 20th century, but they gained a
significant place in the American political system in the 1930s. The National Labor Relations
Act protected collective bargaining and enabled unions to grow much faster. They reached a
peak membership of 35 percent of the labor force in the 1950s. However, in the 1960s, union
membership began to decline toward its current level of approximately 15 percent of the working
population, and the political power of unions declined along with their economic power. The
reasons for this decline in union membership, too complex to discuss in detail here, lie in the
changing nature of the global economy, and the shift in the United States from a manufacturing-
based economy to one more service-oriented. Unions, however, still exert considerable clout
when they focus their energies on an election or an issue
3. Professional associations Another important type of interest group is the association of
professionals. Groups like the American Medical Association and the American Bar Association
focus on the collective interests, values, and status of their profession. Less powerful, but
nonetheless well organized, are professionals in the public sector. Virtually every specialty
within state and local governments has its own national organization. In housing policy, for
example, groups include the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials, the
National Council of State Housing Agencies, and the Council of Large Public Housing
Authorities. Such groups are restricted from partisan activities by state and federal laws.
4. Intergovernmental groups A related category consists of interest groups representing units of
state and local government, lobbying for their interests on the national level. While these groups
have no official role in the U.S. federal system that divides authority among national, state, and
local governments, they function much as other interest groups do. That is, they present the
views of their members to Congress and the administration and make the case for their positions
in the media.
5. Public interest groups The type of interest group experiencing the most rapid growth since
1970 .
Chapter 9Learning Objectives1. Identify various types of orga.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter 9:
Learning Objectives
1. Identify various types of organized interests and distinguish interest groups from political parties.
2. Describe strategies used by interest groups to influence the political process.
3. Assess the organizational problems facing interest groups and the factors contributing to their success.
4. List some of the most powerful interest groups and explain their purposes and strategies.
5. Evaluate the costs and benefits of interest group activity for American democracy.
Introduction
Whereas political parties mainly exist to support campaigns and win elections, interest groups seek to directly influence government policy. Interest groups play an important role in extending the practice of democracy by linking citizens and citizen groups to their government in a more permanent fashion than do periodic elections. Interest groups may educate voters and public officials on the issues, support candidates in their campaigns, and litigate in the courts, among other functions. But the relationship of interest groups to democracy is neither simple nor consistently beneficial. Interest groups may also pursue specific objectives harmful to society’s larger interests. This lesson explores the range of interest group activity in the American political system and evaluates the impact of interest groups on policy and, more generally, the democratic process.
Study Questions
1. How do interest groups differ from political parties?
2. Why do interest groups form?
3. Define the following:
a. The collective action problem
b. Free riders
4. Why are some groups more successful in mobilizing their potential membership than others?
5. Define the following types of interest groups and give at least one example of each, including:
a. Public interest groups
b. Economic interest groups
c. Government groups
d. Single-issue vs. Multi-issue
e. Political Action Committees
f. Ideological
6. What is the difference between a "public" and a "special" interest? Is the dividing line usually clear? Give an example.
7. What kind of individuals are more likely to be represented in interest groups?
8. What strategies do interest groups use to achieve their goals? Discuss the following:
a. Lobbying
b. Grass-roots organization (vs. "astro-turfing")
c. Public relations
d. PACs and political contributions
e. Advertisements
f. Demonstrations
9. How do lobbyists practice their trade? What legal constraints have been placed on lobbying?
10. Explain some of the problems associated with interest group participation in the policy-making process. To what phenomena do the following phrases refer?
a. Iron triangles
b. The revolving door
c. Capture theory of regulation
11. The number of lobbyists working in Washington, DC has more than doubled in the last eight years. Many believe that the influence of lobbyists has proven seriously corrosive to democratic principles. Do you agree?
12. What is the theory known as pluralism?
13. Contrast pluralism with the elitist unde.
Chapter 9Learning Objectives1. Identify various types of orga.docxtiffanyd4
Chapter 9:
Learning Objectives
1. Identify various types of organized interests and distinguish interest groups from political parties.
2. Describe strategies used by interest groups to influence the political process.
3. Assess the organizational problems facing interest groups and the factors contributing to their success.
4. List some of the most powerful interest groups and explain their purposes and strategies.
5. Evaluate the costs and benefits of interest group activity for American democracy.
Introduction
Whereas political parties mainly exist to support campaigns and win elections, interest groups seek to directly influence government policy. Interest groups play an important role in extending the practice of democracy by linking citizens and citizen groups to their government in a more permanent fashion than do periodic elections. Interest groups may educate voters and public officials on the issues, support candidates in their campaigns, and litigate in the courts, among other functions. But the relationship of interest groups to democracy is neither simple nor consistently beneficial. Interest groups may also pursue specific objectives harmful to society’s larger interests. This lesson explores the range of interest group activity in the American political system and evaluates the impact of interest groups on policy and, more generally, the democratic process.
Study Questions
1. How do interest groups differ from political parties?
2. Why do interest groups form?
3. Define the following:
a. The collective action problem
b. Free riders
4. Why are some groups more successful in mobilizing their potential membership than others?
5. Define the following types of interest groups and give at least one example of each, including:
a. Public interest groups
b. Economic interest groups
c. Government groups
d. Single-issue vs. Multi-issue
e. Political Action Committees
f. Ideological
6. What is the difference between a "public" and a "special" interest? Is the dividing line usually clear? Give an example.
7. What kind of individuals are more likely to be represented in interest groups?
8. What strategies do interest groups use to achieve their goals? Discuss the following:
a. Lobbying
b. Grass-roots organization (vs. "astro-turfing")
c. Public relations
d. PACs and political contributions
e. Advertisements
f. Demonstrations
9. How do lobbyists practice their trade? What legal constraints have been placed on lobbying?
10. Explain some of the problems associated with interest group participation in the policy-making process. To what phenomena do the following phrases refer?
a. Iron triangles
b. The revolving door
c. Capture theory of regulation
11. The number of lobbyists working in Washington, DC has more than doubled in the last eight years. Many believe that the influence of lobbyists has proven seriously corrosive to democratic principles. Do you agree?
12. What is the theory known as pluralism?
13. Contrast pluralism with the elitist unde.
Respond to each peer initial post and question at the end with a resmickietanger
Respond to each peer initial post and question at the end with a response about 3-4 sentences long.
Peer 1
Voluntary organizations funded by public contributions have existed since the seventeenth century; however, didn’t become a unified sector until the 1970s (Renz, 2016, pg. 7). Because non-profits are diverse and complex it can be difficult to define and make inclusive to one definition. It can refer to charitable tax-exempt organizations, civic organizations that do not allow the deductibility of donations, and unincorporated organizations (Renz, 2016, pg. 3).
The non-profit sector covers a broad spectrum of public services such as hospitals, foundations, charities, religious institutions, and disaster relief organizations. Acknowledging the importance of non-profits is easy as these organizations attempt to address the issues of millions of people whether it be donations, programs, or services. Although tax exempt, government policies play a crucial role in the growing number of nonprofit organizations either indirectly by providing incentives or directly through grants and contracts (Renz, 2016, pg. 17). Non-profits don’t exist to make a profit but to use excess resources to meet needs that the government alone cannot fulfill. These organizations are not prohibited from earning revenue as long as the profit-making activities are related to the recognized program purpose.
The three main sectors private, non-profit, and the government share several similarities and key differences. One of the main differences is how their resources are handled. A non-profit organizations’ money is legally required to support its mission while private entities are able to distribute their resources to shareholders. Government agencies redirect their surplus resources back into government initiatives. Political shifts also highlight additional differences. As the political power changes so do the priorities in governmental agencies and the availability of public sector programs (The role of non-profits vs government and for profit sectors, 2015). Political shifts can garner more support and funding for non-profits but because the organizations secure funding from outside sources, programs can continue indefinitely as long as resources are available without any effect of a political change.
Non-profits are typically restricted with their work inside of the community as long as its business and mission related. Most restrictions imposed on non-profits are administered through state and federal government agencies through tax compliance, incorporation rules, and political participation.
Peer 2
What is the nonprofit sector? A nonprofit sector is an organization that provides a service(s) that is not conducted for the purpose of making a profit. The organization is sustained by donations, sales of goods and services, or by revenue from the government (Wolfe). The United States has three sectors government, private, and nonprofit. The private nonp ...
There is quite a bit of literature on the economics of education. On.pdfamit503
There is quite a bit of literature on the economics of education. One of the most debated aspects
of it arises when estimating the achievement of the student (usually in the form of standardized
test scores). Which are the most relevant inputs? Which are not?
A few usual suspects are:
Parent\'s education
Teacher \"quality\", which is by itself an issue. Sometimes it is represented by years of
experience, majors acquired, certification, test scores, etc.
School inputs
Peer effects
Teacher absenteeism
The list goes on...
Solution
There is no solid consensus on the inputs that go into educational achievement or attainment. The
list of variables is vast and varied.
One of the most common applications of this is attempting to calculate the returns to education -
i.e. the average increase in income that results from one additional year of schooling.
I myself have performed research on this topic in grad school, and a good reference is:.
There is a story about Archimedes that he used aSolutionthe ra.pdfamit503
There is a story about Archimedes that he used a
Solution
the rays get concentrated at focus of the mirror.
SO FOCAL LENGTH = 100 M ...TAKING VERTEX AS ORIGIN AND THE X AXIS AS THE
AXIS OF MIRROR ...EQN.IS ...
Y^2= 4AX ...WHERE FOCUS IS AT [100,0]
SO WE GET THE EQN. AS ......Y^2=4*100*X=400*X......ANSWER
HENCE TAKING THE MIRROR UP TO ITS LATUS RECTUM , ITS SIZE WOULD BE ..
400 M ...
THEORETICALLY THIS IS POSSIBLE , BY EMPLOYING NOT ONE BUT SERIES OF
PARABOLIC MIRRORS WHEN TEMPERATURES OF THOUSANDS OF DEGREES
COULD BE ATTAINED.
BUT WHETHER IT IS FEASIBLE UNDER BATTLE CONDITIONS IS OPEN TO
QUESTION.
There is a sine wave with frequency 5.2 Hz. What is its period (unit.pdfamit503
There is a sine wave with frequency 5.2 Hz. What is its period? (unit:s) Tries 0/3 What is the
period of the following sine wave? (unit:s) What is its amplitude?(unit:V) 5.3 s 4.2v
Solution
The Period for 7 cycles =5.3 sec
so the time period =5.3/7=0.76s
Peak to peak amplitude =4.2V
so the amplitude =2.1 V
There is a sine wave with frequency 5.2 Hz. What is its period?
Time period =1/frequency=1/5.2=0.192s.
There is a normal distribution with standard deviation = 1.1. The p.pdfamit503
There is a normal distribution with standard deviation = 1.1. The proportion of values greater
than 6 is 0.065. What is the mean of the normal distribution?
Solution
This means that the z-score for 6 is roughly 1.51. Hence, the mean is 6 - 1.51(1.1)
= 4.34.
There is a jar filled with sixteen colored ping-pong balls. Six are .pdfamit503
There is a jar filled with sixteen colored ping-pong balls. Six are green, four are blue, four are
yellow, and two are purple. Amy reaches into the jar five times and picks five balls. After each
pick, she replaces the ball. What is the probability that she picked exactly three yellow ping-pong
balls? You must show your work.
Solution
probability of yellow balls = 4/16 = 1/4.
probability of other balls = 3/4.
probability = 5C3 * (1/4)^3 * (3/4)^2 = 10*9/1024 = 0.0878.
There is a basic trade-off between efficiency and equity because A. .pdfamit503
There is a basic trade-off between efficiency and equity because A. Income redistribution tends
to reduce incentives for efficient behavior. B. People who are efficient dislike equity. C. Pareto
improvements can only be made by sacrificing efficiency. D. The economy can only achieve a
Pareto efficient allocation by starting from an unequal allocation of resources.
Solution
A. Income redistribution tends to reduce incentives for efficient behavior..
There have been many business cycles in the US over the past 50 year.pdfamit503
There have been many business cycles in the US over the past 50 years (although less so since
the great moderation). Many of us youngsters are too young to remember many of these.
Is there some summary article / plot containing these, including their causes? For example:
1990: Gulf war, drop in oil supply
2000: crash of internet related stocks
2008: crash of mortgages/housing market in the US, amplified through banking sector
Solution
This Time Is Different
by Reinhart and Rogoff
Detailed, structured, and comprehensive. A brief paper by the same authors on the same topic:
This Time is Different: A Panoramic View of Eight Centuries of Financial Crises. The paper\'s
abstract:
This paper offers a \"panoramic\" analysis of the history of financial crises dating from
England\'s fourteenth-century default to the current United States sub-prime financial crisis. Our
study is based on a new dataset that spans all regions. It incorporates a number of important
credit episodes seldom covered in the literature, including for example, defaults and
restructurings in India and China. [...] We find that serial default is a nearly universal
phenomenon as countries struggle to transform themselves from emerging markets to advanced
economies. Major default episodes are typically spaced some years (or decades) apart, creating
an illusion that \"this time is different\" among policymakers and investors. [...] We also confirm
that crises frequently emanate from the financial centers with transmission through interest rate
shocks and commodity price collapses. [...] Our data also documents other crises that often
accompany default: including inflation, exchange rate crashes, banking crises, and currency
debasements..
There has been a new surge of mergers and acquisitions (M and A) in .pdfamit503
There has been a new surge of mergers and acquisitions (M and A) in the last several years. Why
is this? In the past, why have so many not been successful? In your opinion, what are the most
important factors to be taken into account for a successful M and A? Provide an example to
support your position.
Solution
Merger/Consolidation: In a merger, the acquiring firm gets all the assets and liabilities of the
acquired firm, the acquired firm ceases to exist, and the acquiring firm keeps its name and
identity. In a consolidation, the two pre-existing firms cease to exist and become part of a new
business entity.
2. Acquisition of Stock: A tender offer is a public offer made directly to the shareholders of the
target corporation to buy their shares for either cash or securities. These offers are often
contingent on the acquiring company.
More Related Content
Similar to There are numerous interest groups influencing government action in .pdf
Respond to each peer initial post and question at the end with a resmickietanger
Respond to each peer initial post and question at the end with a response about 3-4 sentences long.
Peer 1
Voluntary organizations funded by public contributions have existed since the seventeenth century; however, didn’t become a unified sector until the 1970s (Renz, 2016, pg. 7). Because non-profits are diverse and complex it can be difficult to define and make inclusive to one definition. It can refer to charitable tax-exempt organizations, civic organizations that do not allow the deductibility of donations, and unincorporated organizations (Renz, 2016, pg. 3).
The non-profit sector covers a broad spectrum of public services such as hospitals, foundations, charities, religious institutions, and disaster relief organizations. Acknowledging the importance of non-profits is easy as these organizations attempt to address the issues of millions of people whether it be donations, programs, or services. Although tax exempt, government policies play a crucial role in the growing number of nonprofit organizations either indirectly by providing incentives or directly through grants and contracts (Renz, 2016, pg. 17). Non-profits don’t exist to make a profit but to use excess resources to meet needs that the government alone cannot fulfill. These organizations are not prohibited from earning revenue as long as the profit-making activities are related to the recognized program purpose.
The three main sectors private, non-profit, and the government share several similarities and key differences. One of the main differences is how their resources are handled. A non-profit organizations’ money is legally required to support its mission while private entities are able to distribute their resources to shareholders. Government agencies redirect their surplus resources back into government initiatives. Political shifts also highlight additional differences. As the political power changes so do the priorities in governmental agencies and the availability of public sector programs (The role of non-profits vs government and for profit sectors, 2015). Political shifts can garner more support and funding for non-profits but because the organizations secure funding from outside sources, programs can continue indefinitely as long as resources are available without any effect of a political change.
Non-profits are typically restricted with their work inside of the community as long as its business and mission related. Most restrictions imposed on non-profits are administered through state and federal government agencies through tax compliance, incorporation rules, and political participation.
Peer 2
What is the nonprofit sector? A nonprofit sector is an organization that provides a service(s) that is not conducted for the purpose of making a profit. The organization is sustained by donations, sales of goods and services, or by revenue from the government (Wolfe). The United States has three sectors government, private, and nonprofit. The private nonp ...
There is quite a bit of literature on the economics of education. On.pdfamit503
There is quite a bit of literature on the economics of education. One of the most debated aspects
of it arises when estimating the achievement of the student (usually in the form of standardized
test scores). Which are the most relevant inputs? Which are not?
A few usual suspects are:
Parent\'s education
Teacher \"quality\", which is by itself an issue. Sometimes it is represented by years of
experience, majors acquired, certification, test scores, etc.
School inputs
Peer effects
Teacher absenteeism
The list goes on...
Solution
There is no solid consensus on the inputs that go into educational achievement or attainment. The
list of variables is vast and varied.
One of the most common applications of this is attempting to calculate the returns to education -
i.e. the average increase in income that results from one additional year of schooling.
I myself have performed research on this topic in grad school, and a good reference is:.
There is a story about Archimedes that he used aSolutionthe ra.pdfamit503
There is a story about Archimedes that he used a
Solution
the rays get concentrated at focus of the mirror.
SO FOCAL LENGTH = 100 M ...TAKING VERTEX AS ORIGIN AND THE X AXIS AS THE
AXIS OF MIRROR ...EQN.IS ...
Y^2= 4AX ...WHERE FOCUS IS AT [100,0]
SO WE GET THE EQN. AS ......Y^2=4*100*X=400*X......ANSWER
HENCE TAKING THE MIRROR UP TO ITS LATUS RECTUM , ITS SIZE WOULD BE ..
400 M ...
THEORETICALLY THIS IS POSSIBLE , BY EMPLOYING NOT ONE BUT SERIES OF
PARABOLIC MIRRORS WHEN TEMPERATURES OF THOUSANDS OF DEGREES
COULD BE ATTAINED.
BUT WHETHER IT IS FEASIBLE UNDER BATTLE CONDITIONS IS OPEN TO
QUESTION.
There is a sine wave with frequency 5.2 Hz. What is its period (unit.pdfamit503
There is a sine wave with frequency 5.2 Hz. What is its period? (unit:s) Tries 0/3 What is the
period of the following sine wave? (unit:s) What is its amplitude?(unit:V) 5.3 s 4.2v
Solution
The Period for 7 cycles =5.3 sec
so the time period =5.3/7=0.76s
Peak to peak amplitude =4.2V
so the amplitude =2.1 V
There is a sine wave with frequency 5.2 Hz. What is its period?
Time period =1/frequency=1/5.2=0.192s.
There is a normal distribution with standard deviation = 1.1. The p.pdfamit503
There is a normal distribution with standard deviation = 1.1. The proportion of values greater
than 6 is 0.065. What is the mean of the normal distribution?
Solution
This means that the z-score for 6 is roughly 1.51. Hence, the mean is 6 - 1.51(1.1)
= 4.34.
There is a jar filled with sixteen colored ping-pong balls. Six are .pdfamit503
There is a jar filled with sixteen colored ping-pong balls. Six are green, four are blue, four are
yellow, and two are purple. Amy reaches into the jar five times and picks five balls. After each
pick, she replaces the ball. What is the probability that she picked exactly three yellow ping-pong
balls? You must show your work.
Solution
probability of yellow balls = 4/16 = 1/4.
probability of other balls = 3/4.
probability = 5C3 * (1/4)^3 * (3/4)^2 = 10*9/1024 = 0.0878.
There is a basic trade-off between efficiency and equity because A. .pdfamit503
There is a basic trade-off between efficiency and equity because A. Income redistribution tends
to reduce incentives for efficient behavior. B. People who are efficient dislike equity. C. Pareto
improvements can only be made by sacrificing efficiency. D. The economy can only achieve a
Pareto efficient allocation by starting from an unequal allocation of resources.
Solution
A. Income redistribution tends to reduce incentives for efficient behavior..
There have been many business cycles in the US over the past 50 year.pdfamit503
There have been many business cycles in the US over the past 50 years (although less so since
the great moderation). Many of us youngsters are too young to remember many of these.
Is there some summary article / plot containing these, including their causes? For example:
1990: Gulf war, drop in oil supply
2000: crash of internet related stocks
2008: crash of mortgages/housing market in the US, amplified through banking sector
Solution
This Time Is Different
by Reinhart and Rogoff
Detailed, structured, and comprehensive. A brief paper by the same authors on the same topic:
This Time is Different: A Panoramic View of Eight Centuries of Financial Crises. The paper\'s
abstract:
This paper offers a \"panoramic\" analysis of the history of financial crises dating from
England\'s fourteenth-century default to the current United States sub-prime financial crisis. Our
study is based on a new dataset that spans all regions. It incorporates a number of important
credit episodes seldom covered in the literature, including for example, defaults and
restructurings in India and China. [...] We find that serial default is a nearly universal
phenomenon as countries struggle to transform themselves from emerging markets to advanced
economies. Major default episodes are typically spaced some years (or decades) apart, creating
an illusion that \"this time is different\" among policymakers and investors. [...] We also confirm
that crises frequently emanate from the financial centers with transmission through interest rate
shocks and commodity price collapses. [...] Our data also documents other crises that often
accompany default: including inflation, exchange rate crashes, banking crises, and currency
debasements..
There has been a new surge of mergers and acquisitions (M and A) in .pdfamit503
There has been a new surge of mergers and acquisitions (M and A) in the last several years. Why
is this? In the past, why have so many not been successful? In your opinion, what are the most
important factors to be taken into account for a successful M and A? Provide an example to
support your position.
Solution
Merger/Consolidation: In a merger, the acquiring firm gets all the assets and liabilities of the
acquired firm, the acquired firm ceases to exist, and the acquiring firm keeps its name and
identity. In a consolidation, the two pre-existing firms cease to exist and become part of a new
business entity.
2. Acquisition of Stock: A tender offer is a public offer made directly to the shareholders of the
target corporation to buy their shares for either cash or securities. These offers are often
contingent on the acquiring company.
There arenunit circles andnlines drawn in the plane. Prove that th.pdfamit503
There arenunit circles andnlines drawn in the plane. Prove that the regions in the plane separated
by the lines and circles can be colored with two colors in such a way that no two adjacent regions
have the same color.
There arenunit circles andnlines drawn in the plane. Prove that the regions in the plane separated
by the lines and circles can be colored with two colors in such a way that no two adjacent regions
have the same color.
Solution
We prove it by induction in the number n of lines. For n = 1 we will have two regions, and we
can color them with just two colors, say one in red and the other one in blue.
Next assume that the regions obtained after dividing the plane with n lines can always be colored
with two colors, red and blue, so that no two regions that share a boundary have the same color.
We need to prove that such kind of coloring is also possible after dividing the plane with n + 1
lines.
So, the plane divided by n lines has been colored in the desired way. After we introduce the (n +
1)th line we need to recolor the plane to make sure that the new coloring still verifies that no
Two regions that share a boundary have the same color. We do it in the following way. The (n +
1)th line divides the plane into two half-planes. We keep intact the colors in all the regions that
lie in one half-plane, and reverse the colors (change red to blue and blue to red) in all the regions
of the other half-plane. So if two regions share a boundary and both lie in the same half-plane,
they will still have different colors. Otherwise, if they share a boundary but are in opposite half-
planes, then they are separated by the (n + 1)th line; which means they were part of the same
region, so had the same color, and must have acquired different colors after recoloring..
There are two trac lights on my way to work. Let X1 be the number .pdfamit503
There are two trac lights on my way to work. Let X1 be the
number of lights at which I must stop on my way to work and let X2 be my way back.both
variables are independent and each has pmf of:
x 0 1 2
p(x) .2 .5 .3
we are also given: µ = 1.1, ^2 = .49
d. let x3 and x4 be the the number of stops at a red light the following day, assuming
independance. T_0 is the sum of all 4. What are the values of E(T_0) and V(T_0)?
e. refering to d - what is the value for p(T_0=8) and P(T_0<=7).
up until now I did everything manually using a table, now the numbers are getting too big for
tables.
Which formula do I implement and how?
Thanks
Solution
d)
E(T_0) = 4* = 4*1.1 = 4.4
V(T_0) = 42*2 = 16*0.49 = 7.84
e)
P(T_0=8) = 0.3*0.3*0.3*0.3 = 0.0081
P(T_0<=7) = 1-P(T_0=8) = 1-0.0081 = 0.9919.
There are four candidates. Two men (Tim and Tom) and two women (Sue .pdfamit503
There are four candidates. Two men (Tim and Tom) and two women (Sue and Mary) applying
for two positions, what is the probability that Mary gets one of the two positions?
Please show work or rationale so that I know how to work similar problems on my exam..Please
Solution
for the first position mary has the probability 0.25 as there are four candidates same
for the second so, total prob is 0.5.
there are twelve balls numbered from 1 to 12placed in a urn. if one .pdfamit503
there are twelve balls numbered from 1 to 12placed in a urn. if one ball is selected at random,
find the probability that it is an odd-numbered ball.
Solution
There are 6 odd balls, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 12 balls total. The probability that an odd
ball is selected is the number of odd balls divided by the number of balls equals 6/12 = 1/2..
There are three methods of converting from a partnership to a corpor.pdfamit503
There are three methods of converting from a partnership to a corporation:
- Contribution by the partnership or two owners LLC of all their assets to a corporation in
exchange for stock (should meet the requirements of Section 351)
- Distribution of the partnership assets to the owners, which they will contribute all those
assets to this newly corporation in exchange for stock.
- Exchange by their interests for stock of a corporation.
Expand in details for the above essay
Solution
The process for converting from an LLC to a corporation will vary depending on multiple
factors.
There are multiple methods for conversion including statutory conversion, statutory mergers and
non -statutory conversions.
1)
Statutory conversion:
It is a new procedure that allows conversion by filing a few forms with the secretary of state’s
office.
Statutory conversion is usually the quickest and most inexpensive way.
2)
Statutory merger:
It is more complicated than statutory conversion.
It involves following steps:
3)
Non -statutory conversion:
It is most complicated and expensive way to conversion..
There are N individuals in a population, some of whomhave a certai.pdfamit503
There are N individuals in a population, some of whom
have a certain infection that spreads as follows. Contacts between two members of this
population occur in accordance with a Poisson process having rate λ. When a contact occurs
it is equally likely to involve any of the (N choose 2)
pairs of individuals in the population. If a contact
involves an infected and a noninfected individual, then the noninfected individual becomes
infected with probability p. Once infected, and individual remains infected throughout. Let
{X (t)} denote the number of infected members of the population at time t.
i)
{X (t)} is a pure birth process. Find the birth rates λi for each state i, and write down
the Q matrix.
ii) Starting with a single infected individual, ï¬nd an expression for the expected time
until all individuals are infected.
iii) Suppose now that each infected individual loses his or her infection independently at
rate µ. (Or you can imagine that each individual once becoming infected, remains so for an
exponential distributed length of time, independently of other infected members.) Assume
that individuals do not gain immunity. Is this a birth and death chain, and if so, what are
the birth and death rates?
Solution
www.tdx.cat/bitstream/10803/31943/2/tasc.pdf.txt?.
There are k kinds of postcards, each with a limited amount. Let ther.pdfamit503
There are k kinds of postcards, each with a limited amount. Let there be ai copies of the i-th
postcard. How many ways are there to send these postcards to n friends? (Each friend can
receive zero cards, as well as multiple copies of the same card.)
Solution
no.of ways=(ak+ n-1)C(n-1) ).
There are four defective items in ten inspected items sampled from a.pdfamit503
There are four defective items in ten inspected items sampled from a larger lot. What is the
probability that at most 20%
of the total number of items in the lot are defective?
Solution
phat = 4/10 = 0.4
p(x<20%) = p(z<0.4 - 0.2/sqrt(0.2 * 0.8) ) = p(z<0.5) = 0.6915 = 69.15%.
There are a set of 10 matchsticksthe first is vertical(I), the 2nd.pdfamit503
There are a set of 10 matchsticks
the first is vertical(I), the 2nd/3rd are in a V, the 4th is horizontal ( - ), the 5th/6th are vertical and
parallel to one another (II), the 7th/8th are horizontal and parallel to one another (=), the
remaining 9th/10 are in a V formation.
like this: I V - II = V
How can you move just ONE match to make the statement correct?
Solution
IV+I=V
4+1=5
-I MOVING +.
There are 8 CDs in a rack 5 are jazz and 3 are classic rock. Two CD.pdfamit503
There are 8 CDs in a rack: 5 are jazz and 3 are classic rock. Two CDs are selected at random,
one after the other with replacement, and the type of each is noted. Find the probabilty that the
first is jazz given the last one is jazz.
write answer as a decimal rounded to the fourth places.
Solution
= (5/8 x 4/8) / (5/8 x 4/8 + 3/8 x 5/8 ) = 4/7 = 0.5714.
There are 42 faculty members who make an education committeeA. Th.pdfamit503
There are 42 faculty members who make an education committee:
A. There are five seats labeled chair, vice chair, secretary, treasurer, and member. How many
committees can be formed?
B. there are five seats and no particular order to the members that need to serve on the
committee. How many committees can be formed?
Please show work ! Thanks!
Solution
A) 42P5 = 42! / (42 - 5)! = 42! / 37! = 38*39*40*41*42
B) 42C5 = 42! / 37! * 5! = 38*39*40*41*42 / (2*3*4*5).
There are 50 applicants for a job. Ten are members of ethic group A,.pdfamit503
There are 50 applicants for a job. Ten are members of ethic group A, 15 of ethnic group B, and
25 of ethic group C. The numbers of females (F) in the three groups are 2, 9, and 15,
respectively. A person is selected at random to fill the job. Find the probability that this person
will be A and F
Solution
P(A and F) = (10/50)*(2/10) = 1/25.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
There are numerous interest groups influencing government action in .pdf
1. There are numerous interest groups influencing government action in the United States today.
Given your personal situation, interests, activities, and aspirations, list five special interest
groups, which you might consider actively supporting, at least to some degree. For each group
you list, provide an action, or a piece of legislation, which you believe the group should endorse.
Solution
List of five interest groups:
1. Business Most scholars would agree that business plays a central role in American politics.
Major corporations carry the prestige of being important players in the U.S. economy. Because
elected officials are held accountable for the nation's economic performance, they often fear
anti-business policies will harm that performance.
2. Labor unions Labor unions grew slowly in the early part of the 20th century, but they gained a
significant place in the American political system in the 1930s. The National Labor Relations
Act protected collective bargaining and enabled unions to grow much faster. They reached a
peak membership of 35 percent of the labor force in the 1950s. However, in the 1960s, union
membership began to decline toward its current level of approximately 15 percent of the working
population, and the political power of unions declined along with their economic power. The
reasons for this decline in union membership, too complex to discuss in detail here, lie in the
changing nature of the global economy, and the shift in the United States from a manufacturing-
based economy to one more service-oriented. Unions, however, still exert considerable clout
when they focus their energies on an election or an issue
3. Professional associations Another important type of interest group is the association of
professionals. Groups like the American Medical Association and the American Bar Association
focus on the collective interests, values, and status of their profession. Less powerful, but
nonetheless well organized, are professionals in the public sector. Virtually every specialty
within state and local governments has its own national organization. In housing policy, for
example, groups include the National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials, the
National Council of State Housing Agencies, and the Council of Large Public Housing
Authorities. Such groups are restricted from partisan activities by state and federal laws.
4. Intergovernmental groups A related category consists of interest groups representing units of
state and local government, lobbying for their interests on the national level. While these groups
have no official role in the U.S. federal system that divides authority among national, state, and
2. local governments, they function much as other interest groups do. That is, they present the
views of their members to Congress and the administration and make the case for their positions
in the media.
5. Public interest groups The type of interest group experiencing the most rapid growth since
1970 is the "public interest group." Political scientist Jeffrey Berry defines a public interest
group as one that supports goals that are not of direct material benefit to its members but rather
express their values pertaining to society as a whole. The first public interest groups were
spawned by the civil rights, women's rights, and environmental movements of the 1960s.
