This document provides an overview of media representation theory and concepts for exam practice. It discusses key theories such as how media representations reflect the ideology and values of the producer. It also addresses how audiences can interpret representations in both passive and active ways and may be impacted both positively and negatively by media effects. Examples of potential impacts include copycat behavior, education, socialization, objectification, and reinforcement or challenging of dominant ideologies.
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3. EXAM PRACTICE 2
The Big Issue is a magazine that raises money for people who
are homeless.
Analyse how the character has been represented on the 24
cover of the Big Issue. (10)
4. EXAM PRACTICE 3
Analyse how masculinity is represented in any media text that you have studied. You may
choose to refer to the Luther DVD front and back cover as part of your response. (10)
5. EXAM PRACTICE 4
Explain the term ‘hypodermic model’, using one example from any media text that
you have studied. (2)
7. WHAT IS REPRESENTATION?
RE-PRESENTATION
It is the re-presentation of society,
people, places etc… It reflects the
ideology (values, beliefs and ideas)
of the producer and society.
8. How does this effect us?
Media is constructed
It is a ‘false’ re-creation’ of
society.
The audience see what the
producer intends
9. Each representation carries the
values of the producer.
It shapes the opinions and beliefs
of the audience.
What does this mean?
10. Different audiences may
respond differently (reception
theory/ active and passive) but
ultimately mass media will
impact audiences in different
ways.
16. There are various areas you will need to consider:
• Positive and negative effects:
Copycat behaviour (positive and negative)
Education and information
Socialisation
• Objectification
• Stereotypes and Archetypes
• Impact on individuals, groups and society (changes in
behaviour, attitudes)
• Reinforcement of an ideology (dominant, counter)
• Challenging dominant ideology
17. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE
How can the media
have positive
effects?
How can the media
have negative
effects?
• Copycat Behaviour (positive and negative)
• Education and Information (positively or negatively
inform/educate)
• Socialisation (diverse or integrated)
20. IDEOLOGY
Ideology in media are the values,
ideas, attitudes and beliefs
presented to audiences in the media.
The media can both reinforce or
challenge ideology.
21. PodcastTask
Create a script for a podcast explaining:
• What is meant by the term passive
• What the hypodermic needle theory is
• What is meant by the term active audiences
• What the Uses and Gratifications theory is with examples
for each area
Word you must embed:
Stereotypes / Archetypes / Positive / Negative / Copycat
Behaviour / Moral Panic / Ideology
22. Homework
• Complete your Male Gaze writing
• Record your Podcast
• Find an example of stereotypes being conformed
to or subverted in the following areas:
Age / Gender / Ethnicity / Places / Social Groups
• Revise for a Unit 1 mock exam in the first week
back
23.
24. Male Gaze Writing
Consider the question that was posed earlier and respond with
reference to a variety of texts.
Advertising TV and Film MusicVideo Gaming Magazines
25. Representation Areas
Gender
• Male
• Female
• Trans
• Other?
Age
• Child
• Teen
• Young Adult
• Adult
• Middle Aged
• Pensioner
Social Groups
• Class
• Interest based
such as fathers,
unemployed,
cyclists
Ethnicity
White British
Black British
Asian
Other>
Places
Countries
Cities
A home
A war zone
A street
27. Theory Overview
Stuart Hall
• Encoding / Decoding
• Preferred / Negotiated
/ Oppositional
Readings
• Power of the Media
• Reflective / Intentional
/ Constructionist
Richard Dyer
• Stereotyping in
the media
Laura Mulvey
and the Male Gaze
• Voyeurism /
Scophophilia /
Exhibitionism
• Women
stereotypes as
sex objects
Passive vs Active
Audience
• Hypodermic
Needle
• Uses and
Gratifications
EffectsTheory
• Negative vs
Positive
• Copycat
• Moral Panic
• Desensitisation
• Socialisation
• Ideologies
• Objectification
28. Language and Technical Elements
Media Language
Denotation – Connotation
Signifier – Signified
Icons / Index / Symbols
Technical Language: Film
andTV
Camera
Sound
Edit
Mise en Scene
Technical Language:
Advertising
Can vary between moving
image and print / online
Technical Language:
Gaming
Camera
Sound
Edit
Mise en Scene
Technical Language:
Magazines
Layout
Camera
Text
Mise en Scene
Technical Language:
MusicVideo
Camera
Sound
Edit
Mise en Scene
Editor's Notes
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Feel free to change any “You will…” and “I will…” statements to ensure they align with your classroom procedures and rules!
