This document presents an overview of several theories of ethics, including Kant's approach, utilitarianism, religious ethics, and duty ethics. It introduces Kant's nonconsequentialist view that the moral worth of an action depends on its intrinsic features rather than results. Utilitarianism is described as holding that actions should produce the most pleasure for the greatest number of people. Religious ethics are defined as authoritative rule books that differ across cultures. Duty ethics maintain that fulfilling obligations and duties is important.

1. THEORIES OF ETHICS

2. PRESENTEDBY,
 SREEKUTTY KA
 RINCY JACO B
 BHARATH P SHANKAR
 KURIAKO SE T D
 BIBITO M

3. INTRODUCTION
ETHICS IS THE FIELD OF STUDY THAT IS
CONCERNED WITH QUESTIONS OF VALUE, THAT
IS, JUDGMENTS ABOUT WHAT HUMAN BEHAVIOR
IS "GOOD" OR "BAD" IN ANY GIVEN SITUATION.
ETHICS ARE THE STANDARDS, VALUES,
MORALS, PRINCIPLES, ETC., WHICH ARE USED
TO BASE ONES DECISIONS OR ACTIONS ON;
OFTEN THERE IS NO CLEAR "RIGHT" OR
"WRONG" ANSWER.

4. THEORIES OF ETHICS
• KANT’S APPROACHTO ETHICS
• UTILITARIANISM
• RELIGIOUS ETHICS
• DUTY ETHICS

5. IMMANUEL KANT (1724–1804): A GERMAN
PHILOSOPHER WITH A NONCONSEQUENTIALIST
APPROACH TO ETHICS.
SAID THE MORAL WORTH OF AN ACTION IS
DETERMINED ON THE BASIS OF ITS INTRINSIC
FEATURES OR CHARACTER, NOT RESULTS OR
CONSEQUENCES.
BELIEVED IN GOODWILL, THAT GOOD ACTIONS
PROCEED FROM RIGHT INTENTIONS, THOSE INSPIRED
BY A SENSE OF DUTY.
KANT’S APPROACHTO
ETHICS
THE MORALITY OF AN ACTION DEPENDS
ON WHETHER THE MAXIM (OR
SUBJECTIVE PRINCIPLE) BEHIND IT CAN BE
WILLED AS A UNIVERSAL LAW WITHOUT
COMMITTING A LOGICAL CONTRADICTION.
Immanuel Kant

6. • THE MORAL THEORY THAT WE SHOULD ACT IN WAYS
THAT PRODUCE THE MOST PLEASURE OR HAPPINESS
FOR THE GREATEST NUMBER OF PEOPLE AFFECTED
BY OUR ACTIONS.
• MAIN REPRESENTATIVES: THE BRITISH
PHILOSOPHERS JEREMY BENTHAM (1748–1832) AND
JOHN STUART MILL (1806–1873).
• PROVIDES A CLEAR AND STRAIGHTFORWARD
STANDARD FOR FORMULATING AND TESTING
POLICIES.
• OFFERS AN OBJECTIVE WAY FOR RESOLVING
CONFLICTS OF SELF-INTEREST.
• SUGGESTS A FLEXIBLE, RESULT-ORIENTED APPROACH
UTILITARIANISM
Jeremy Bentham John Stuart Mill

7. • IT IS AN AUTHORITATIVE RULE BOOK TO TELL US
WHAT RULES TO FOLLOW.
• IT IS FOCUSED ON RELIGIOUS ACTIVITIES TO
FOLLOW.
• IT DEFERENT FROM CULTURE TO CULTURE.
• IT IS DEFINED THOUSANDS OF YEARS AGO.
RELIGIOUS ETHICS

8. • DUTY ETHICS FULFILL YOUR OBLIGATIONS.
• DUTIES AND RIGHTS ARE TWO SIDES OF THE SAME
COIN.
• WE ARE ENTITLED FOR ANY RIGHTS ONLY IF WE DO
OUR DUTY.
• IT IS ALSO KNOWN AS DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS.
• IT IS THE NORMATIVE ETHICAL POSITION THAT
JUDGES THE MORALITY OF AN ACTION BASED ON
RULES.
DUTY ETHICS