Nature of communication

1. THE NATURE AND PROCESS
OF COMMUNICATION
Datu-thalal O. Mangcoc
DELL, Instructor

2. COMMUNICATION
Communication is a social process in which individuals employs symbols to
establish and interpret meaning in their environment (West and Turner, 2010)
COMMUNICATION
Social
Process
Symbols
Meaning
Environment

3. Communication as a social process
 Communication as a social would mean that it
involves people and interactions, whether face-to-face
or online.
 Individual, social, and cultural changes affect
communication.

4. Communication as symbolic
 Words are symbols for concepts and things.
 Symbols are usually agreed on within a group but may not
be understood outside of the group. For example, most
college students understand the phrase: “this course has no
preqs”, those outside of college may not understand its
meaning.

5. Communication as meaning-making
 Meaning is central to the definition of
communication.

6. Communication as context-bound
 We understand the influence of environment
by thinking about your beliefs and values
pertaining to socially significant topics.

7. MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION
1. The Linear Model
2. The Interactional Model
3. The Transactional Model

8. Communication as Action: The Linear Model
Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver, 1999

9. Communication as Action: The Linear Model
Problem:
• The model presumes that there is only one message in
the communication process.
• It only suggests that a person is only a sender or
receiver.

10. Communication as Interaction: The Interactional Model
Wilbur Schramm, 1954

11. Communication as Interaction: The Interactional Model
• Communication is a two way process as it goes two directions: from sender to receiver and from receiver to
sender.
• Elements: feedback and field of experience.
Problem:
• The interactional model suggests that one person acts as sender while other acts as receiver in a
communication.
• Assumes two people speaking and listening, but not at the same time.
• Issue of feedback, in regards to nonverbal communication.

12. Communication as Transaction: The Transactional
Model

13. Communication as Transaction: The Transactional
Model
• Underscores the simultaneous sending and receiving of
messages in a communication.
• People build shared meaning. They negotiate meaning.
• Presumes that we simultaneously send and receive messages.

14. Features of effective communication (Broom, Cutlip
and Center, 2012)
1. Completeness 6. Clearness
2. Conciseness 7. Correctness
3. Consideration
4. Concreteness
5. Courtesy