Portugal's history began in the early Middle Ages when it became a powerful nation during the Age of Discovery. However, monopolized trade and poor military tactics led to a decline. Further blows included the destruction of its capital by earthquake and the loss of its largest colony, Brazil. Portugal explored the world extensively under Prince Henry the Navigator but remained a minor power in European affairs. It was later invaded and its empire dismantled by other European powers, though it held onto some African colonies. Portugal's history is one of exploration, development, and changing fortunes as a European nation and colonial power.