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The document discusses various issues relating to the concept of equivalence in translation. It addresses: 1) Definitions of equivalence, including being equal, comparable, or having the same meaning or function. 2) The relationship between the source text and target text, and how to define and measure their level of equivalence. 3) Theories of equivalence from scholars like Roman Jakobson, Vladimir Nabokov, and Eugene Nida that focus on different types and levels of equivalence.
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Goethe's Faust is influenced by earlier versions of the Faust legend as well as Renaissance drama like Shakespeare. However, it also looks forward and offers a modern examination of human subjectivity and the individual's place in the modern world. While it incorporates theatrical elements like choruses, Faust resists being categorized strictly as a play due to its epic scope and examination of profound philosophical themes. The work was composed over several decades and integrates Goethe's evolving interests in classicism, drama, and the human condition.
13278555.ppt
The document discusses the history and structure of Greek theaters. Greek theater originated as part of religious festivals honoring Dionysus. Performances were held outdoors in large open-air theaters that seated thousands. The theater consisted of the orchestra where the chorus performed, a stage building where actors changed costumes, and tiered seating surrounding the performance space. Theater was a major part of Greek culture and an important public event.
TypesofTR Machine translation material.ppt
This document discusses various types and aspects of translation. It begins by outlining the historical aspects of translation including oral, written and mechanical forms. It then discusses types of translation such as literary vs non-literary and methods of oral translation like simultaneous and consecutive. The document also covers machine translation and computer-assisted translation. It provides examples and discusses aspects like terminology research, consistency checks, and specialized legal translation.
psychodynamic_theories_of_behavior_averbuch-2-11-09 chimps.ppt
Freudian psychodynamic theory proposes that behavior is driven by unconscious forces. Freud developed three models to explain this:
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2) The structural model describes the id, ego, and superego. The id operates on the pleasure principle, the superego incorporates social values, and the ego mediates their demands with reality.
3) Behavior results from conflicts between instinctual drives and societal restrictions. People employ defense mechanisms like repression, rationalization, and projection to avoid uncomfortable thoughts and feelings
equivalence-VkHR difficult to follow.pptx
The document discusses several major theories on translation from the 1950s-1970s. It introduces Roman Jakobson's work on meaning and equivalence. Eugene Nida is discussed for his concepts of formal and dynamic equivalence and equivalent effect. Nida analyzed meaning on the linguistic, referential, and emotive levels. Techniques like componential analysis and semantic structure analysis helped differentiate similar words. Peter Newmark and his semantic and communicative translation approaches are mentioned. Finally, Werner Koller's work on correspondence and equivalence relations is briefly referenced.
The_Beginning_of_Psychology.ppt
The document discusses the beginnings of psychology as a scientific field in the late 19th century. It outlines several important figures and theories that emerged during this time, including Wilhelm Wundt establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1875 and making psychology an independent science from philosophy. Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis and his theories of the unconscious mind, psychosexual development, and the id, ego, and superego. Ivan Pavlov conducted experiments demonstrating classical conditioning. The document also discusses Karl Bühler's contributions to gestalt psychology and the universities of Leipzig, Würzburg, and Vienna that were important centers for early work in experimental psychology.
Grievances_at_the_time_of_the_Magna_Carta.ppt
The Magna Carta addressed grievances that people in medieval England had with King John's rule in the early 1200s. People were unhappy with high taxes, laws that took away rights and property, and the king claiming new powers without approval. The Magna Carta forced the king to accept that he ruled the country according to long-established laws and customs and to respect basic civil liberties.
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Nucleic Acid-its structural and functional complexity.
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The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
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at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
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1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
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Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
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Deep Software Variability and Frictionless Reproducibility
Deep Software Variability and Frictionless ReproducibilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
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Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
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Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
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Slides from talk:
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Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
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Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
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s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
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Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
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mô tả các thí nghiệm về đánh giá tác động dòng khí hóa sau đốt
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the_issues_of_equivalence_2008_Warwick sign.ppt
- 1. The issues of • Equivalence •Equivale nce
- 2. The issues of equivalence • Equivalent – commensurate, comparable, correspondent, corresponding, equal, even, homologous interchangeable, similar, synonymous. • Equivalent – (1) something that has the same use or function as something else (2) equal in value, quantity, significance (3) having the same or a similar effect or meaning
- 3. The issues of equivalence • ‘sense for sense’< > ‘word for word’ • ‘free’ < > ‘faithful ▼ relationship between ST and the TT – how to define and measure ? tertium comparationis
- 4. Equivalent?
- 5. Is this text original?
- 6. Equivalence?
- 7. Roman Jakobson • Intralingual translation > rewording • Interlingual translation > ‘language to language’ • Intersemiotic translation > verbal into non-verbal Equivalence in difference – same message in two different codes. Languages differ essentially in what they must convey and not in what they may convey.
- 8. Equivalence in a formalist context • Vladimir Nabokov, ‘Problems of Translation: “Onegin” in English (in Venuti) • Vladimir Nabokov, ‘The Servile Path’ in • Evgenii Onegin or in R.A. Brower, On Translation (OUP, 1966)
- 9. Equivalence – early models • ‘… the text was seen as a linear sequence of units, and translation was merely a transcoding process involving the substitution of a sequence of equivalent units.’ (M. Snell-Hornby, Translation Studies, p. 16)
- 10. Equivalence – early models • J.C. Catford – shifts, formal correspondence (See in Venuti)’ or his 1965 book (Library) • Vinay and Darbelnet • W. Koller – types of equivalence
- 11. Strategies and solutions Vinay, J.P. and J. Darbelnet, Comparative Stylistics. See in Venuti • Borrowing ( perestroika, tapas) • Calques (fruits of the season, w czym mogę pomóc?) • Literal translation • Transposition (rauchen verbotten > no smoking) • Modulation (Vou l’avez échappé belle > You’ve had a narrow escape) • Equivalence • Adaptation • Areas affected by the above: the lexicon, syntax, the message
- 12. The science of translation – E. Nida • Formal equivalence – attention on message, correspondence (sentence to sentence, form to form), accuracy and correctness). • Dynamic eqivalence – relationship between a receptor and message should remain the same. • Lamb of God >>>> Seal of God • (See Nida in Venuti)
- 13. The science of translation – P.Newmark • ‘Communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original. Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as possible the semantic structures and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.’ (P. Newmark, Approaches to Translation) • Communicative – TL biased, idiomatic, free • Semantic – literal, faithful
- 14. The science of translation – A. Neubert • Translation is a text-induced text • The target text is textually different. It is ‘couched in a different world of discourse.’ • Different communicative matrix • Source and target patterns of expectation.
- 15. Text Linguistics – A. Neubert • Last night the minister declared that the rumours about his resignation were totally unfounded. He was speaking at a dinner given by the Lord Mayor on the occasion of … • Gestern abend erklärte der Minister, daβ die Gerüchte über seinen Rücktritt jeder Grundlage entbehrten. Er machte diese Äuβerung während eines Essens, das der Oberbürgermeister aus Anlaβ… gab
- 16. Text linguistics – A. Neubert • Training in translation and interpreting, then, is training in awareness of intertextuality. Incidentally, this explains why one of the most effective training methods for students and practitioners of language mediation consists in textually-conscious reading and listening, particularly, of course in the target language, if it happens to be a foreign language. But, what is sometimes underestimated, training in awareness of textual conventions in one’s native language is just as helpful to achieve an advanced sense of intertextuality.
- 17. Semiotic equivalent • Word to image • Image to word • Image to image • Thomas, J. Reading Images. Palgrave 2001 • Kress, G. and Van Leeuven, T. Reading Images. Routledge 1996