ppt about of translation in English

1. EQUIVALENCE
IN TRANSLATION
Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.

2. • Puns, idioms are culture bound and cannot be
translated.
• Dagut says that they are unique and
“semantic novelties” which cannot be
replicated and this leads to “reproduction”
rather than translation.
• Leads to the problem of equivalence.
Adequacy can be found, but equivalence?
• Results from relations between signs – who
writes them and who deciphers them.
• Not a search for sameness as sameness
cannot exist.
Equivalence?

3. Catford
• Catford defines translation as "the replacement of
textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent
textual material in another language (TL)”
• The central problem of translation practice is that of
finding TL translation equivalents.
• Distinguishes between formal correspondence and
textual equivalence.
• Formal correspondence occurs between languages
which have similar structures.
• Textual equivalence is a problem when translation
happens in texts which have different structures. He
calls these ‘translation shifts.’
Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.

4. Albrecht Neubert
• Neubrecht distinguishes between the study of
translation as a process and a product.
• The first one is a dynamic model and the
second one a static model.
• The missing link between both, according to
him, is the theory of equivalence relations.
• Claims that equivalence must be considered a
semiotic category with a syntactic, semantic
and pragmatic component.
Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.

5. Eugene Nida
• Distinguishes two types of equivalence – formal and
dynamic.
• Formal equivalence – focus is on the message with
reference to form and content – translation of
sentence into sentence, structure into structure,
genre into genre.
• He calls formal equivalence as ‘gloss translation’ with
importance given to SL context.
• Dynamic equivalence – based on the ‘equivalent
effect’ (relationship between TL writer and audience
should mirror that of the SL writer and audience) -
speculative and can lead to unhappy conclusions in
translation.
Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.

6. Types of Equivalence- Popovic
(1) Linguistic equivalence, where there is homogeneity
on the linguistic level of both SL and TL texts, i.e.
word for word translation.
(2) Paradigmatic equivalence, where there is
equivalence of ‘the elements of a paradigmatic
expressive axis’, i.e. elements of grammar, which
Popovič sees as being a higher category than lexical
equivalence.
(3) Stylistic (translational) equivalence, where there is
‘functional equivalence of elements in both original
and translation aiming at an expressive identity with
an invariant of identical meaning’.
(4) Textual (syntagmatic) equivalence, where there is
equivalence of the syntagmatic structuring of a text,
i.e. equivalence of form and shape.
No matter how different the translation are, they will
maintain the ‘invariant core’ of the text.
Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.

7. Adaptation
• One of the techniques of translation.
• Something specific in a culture is translated
to something different, but having the same
relationship to the reader in the TL culture.
• Happens when something in the SL does not
exist in the TL.
• The text is manipulated in order to suit the
audience for which it is intended.
• Eg. Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night was adapted
into She’s The Man, to suit 20th century
teenage audiences.
Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.

8. THANK YOU
Ms. Rakhi L. Lalwani, Assistant Professor in English, SNMV CAS.