The document discusses the beginnings of psychology as a scientific field in the late 19th century. It outlines several important figures and theories that emerged during this time, including Wilhelm Wundt establishing the first psychology laboratory in 1875 and making psychology an independent science from philosophy. Sigmund Freud introduced psychoanalysis and his theories of the unconscious mind, psychosexual development, and the id, ego, and superego. Ivan Pavlov conducted experiments demonstrating classical conditioning. The document also discusses Karl Bühler's contributions to gestalt psychology and the universities of Leipzig, Würzburg, and Vienna that were important centers for early work in experimental psychology.

1. The beginnings of Psychology
By: Stanley Robinson

2. The concept of Psych.
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior
and mental processes and must be studied
objectively and through observation for best
results. Not necessarily the study of the mind
because the mind is something that was created
by man.

3. The very beginnings of psych.
A little over two thousand years ago, the Greek
philosopher Aristotle, who was also the teacher of
Alexander of Macedonia. Wrote about how sleep and
dreams have the possibility of influencing behavior.
These topics are studied today in psychology

4. 19th century
Several different forms of Psychology were being
developed during this time
1. Experimental ( 1875-1886 ( Wilhelm Wundt )
2. Structuralism ( 1898 )
3. Functionalism ( 1890-1892 )
4. Psychoanalytic ( 1895- 1900 )
5. Behaviorism ( 1906- 1913 )
6. Neo- Freudianism ( 1914 ( Sigmund Freud )

5. Key People
• Wilhelm Wundt- the father of experimental psychology ( August 16th,
1832- August 30,1920 )
• Sigmund Freud- the founder of the psychoanalytic theory ( 1856- 1939 )
• Ivan Petrovich Pavlov-famous Russian psychologist ( September 14th, 1849-
February 27th, 1936 )
• Karl Ludwig Bühler- credited with his work in gestalt psychology. Also
helped in the founding of the psychology lab in Würzburg.( May 27th,
1879- October 24th, 1963 )

6. Wundt Wilhelm
Wilhelm Wundt was credited by making psychology a completely
independent science from philosophy.
• Became a psychology professor at the university of Leipzig in
1875
• Wundt explored the realm of mental disorders and abnormal
behavior. He also studied how lights and sounds can effect
sensations, images and feelings.
• In 1874, Wundt published “Grundzuge der physiologische
Psychologie” ( Principles of physiological psychology ) ; all of
his work was based on what was recorded in his book

7. Ivan Pavlov
Ivan Pavlov won the Nobel Prize for coining the importance of
conditioning which is also know as Pavlovian conditioning. He
conducted an experiment which involved a dog, a slab of meat
and a bell. Ivan would first ring the bell, wait until the dog begins
to salivate then give the dog the slab of meat. After a while, he
would repeat the process but will not give the meat to the dog.
But the dog will still salivate even though it didn’t get the meat
after Ivan rang the bell.

8. Sigmund Freud
For about fifty years, Freud probed the unconscious mind. he
conducted these studies though patient’s dreams. One theory
called the Psychodynamic Dream Theory which was based on the
wish fulfillment or unconscious desires of the dreamer.
Freud was also interested in patients who had problems that
seemed more emotional then physical. Thus he broke down
human personality into three different forms
1. The ID-instincts and urges for oneself
2. The Ego- a system of thinking and planning
3. The superego- ultimately controls behavior

9. Sigmund Freud (continued)
Freud introduced four psychosexual stages that he believed were
crucial for the successful development for children into adulthood
1. Oral- a fixation with anything involving the mouth
• In adults, this could involve kissing, smoking, overeating, drinking or being
argumentative
1. Anal- the ability to “let go” or “ hold on”
• Holding on- stingy, orderly, compulsively clean
• Letting go- disorganized, cruel, messy
1. Phallic- fixated with vanity, pride and in the extreme narcissism
• Its believed that sexual interests cause the child to be attracted to the parent of the
opposite sex.
1. Genital- begins sometime during puberty. Young adults take part in responsible sexual
relationships which later morphs into a mature view of love and full adult sexuality

10. Karl Ludwig Bühler
• In Würzburg during 1907, Buhler finished his thesis on
“Tatsachen und Probleme zu einer Psychologie der
Denkvorgänge“ ( Facts and problems of psychology of
thought processes ). He thesis helped shape the Würzburg
school of psychology.
• In 1922, Bühler became a psychology professor at the
university of Vienna and later became the head of the
Psychology department.
• In 1959, he was awarded the Wilhelm Wundt Medal by the
German Society of Psychology

11. Places of study
University of Vienna
• Established in 1365
• Third oldest university in central
Europe and its the oldest German
speaking university
University of Leipzig
• Established in 1409
• During World War II, 60% of the
universities building were
destroyed
• The university is ranked 2nd in
Germany

12. Places of study (continue)
University of Würzburg
• Established in 1402, although it was closed shortly after because of a lack
of financial stability. Later reopened in 1582.
• After World War II, Bavaria spent millions of marks rebuilding the
university which was almost completely destroyed from artillery fire and
air raids.

13. Work Citied
• (Book) Psychology: Modules, Dennis Conn and John
O. Mitterer
• (web) http://www.enotes.com/psychology-
theories/wundt-wilhelm-max
• (Web)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_B%C3%BChler