This document discusses the use of Pidgin English vocabulary in the Nigerian music industry. It begins with an introduction to Pidgin English as the second most spoken language in Nigeria. It then discusses how the spread of Nigerian music has contributed to the increasing popularity and use of Pidgin English vocabulary. The document presents the objectives as examining how Nigerian music penetrates and affects the use of Pidgin English through an analysis of vocabulary in music tracks. It reviews related literature and outlines the research methodology of analyzing selected music lyrics to evaluate Pidgin English expressions, grammar and lexical items used.

1. THE USE OF PIDGIN ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN THE MUSIC
INDUSTRY
BY
www.projects.page4.me
(08034883821 08188988835)
ABSTRACT
Due to the fact that Pidgin English is the second most spoken language in Nigeria, and Nigerian
is a multilingual country, Pidgin English continues to grow popular every day. The Nigerian music
industry with its high level of spread lately has contributed a great deal in influencing the spread
of Pidgin English usage. This research work has aimed to enlighten people on how Nigerian
music penetrates and affect the use of Pidgin English language. This research work has
examined the various ways in which the Nigerian music affects the use of Pidgin English
vocabulary using four randomly selected Nigerian tracks. The result of the analysis shows that
Nigerian music introduces and changes a lot in Pidgin English vocabulary.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page
Certification
Dedication
Acknowledgements

2. Abstract
Table of contents
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PIDGIN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIA
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1.3 MUSIC IN NIGERIA
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
1.6 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH
1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 LEXICO-GRAMMAR
2.1.1 LEXIS
2.2 GRAMMATICAL COMPETENCE AND PERFORMANCE
2.3 SOCIOLINGUITICS

3. 2.4 MUSIC AND NIGERIAN PIDGIN
2.5 WORD FORMATION
2.5.1 IDIOM
2.5.2 NEOLOGISM
2.5.3 AGGLUTINATING
2.5.4 CONTRATION
2.6 SLANG
CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Data presentation
3.1 TONGOLO by D’Banj
3.2 OMOGE MI by P-Square
CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Analysis of data
4.1.1 Slangs
4.1.2 Pidgin
4.1.3 Code switching
CHAPTER FIVE
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Summary
5.2 Findings
5.3 Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendixes

4. CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The Pidgin Language having arisen from the need of communication
among speakers, who do not share common languages, is characterised
by drastically reduced structures both phonologically and syntactically.
Whether the origin is of colonial or pre-colonial days, it is a point to note
that it resulted under socioeconomic conditions and prolonged contact
through slave trade and migration.
In Nigeria, especially in the major cities like Abuja, Lagos, Port Harcourt,
etc where people from different ethnic groups with different languages and
culture converge, the need for effective communication arises. The
scenario comprising old and young, educated and uneducated people who
may not understand the English Language which is Nigeria’s official
language or the indigenous language of the people, hence, the use of
Pidgin Language becomes expedient for effective communication.
Although the Pidgin Language is a marginal language for people of
uncommon languages, who are mutually unintelligible and also enhances
effective communication, this idea is misconstrued by the by the elites who

5. rather see it as a language of mediocrity, a bastard and a corruption of the
standard language. The use of Pidgin was discouraged by teachers of
language; scholars of language were warned never to speak Pidgin as it
would mare their acquisition and proficiency in standard languages. Some
linguists in the past referred Pidgin as a mere marginal language because
of its highly simplified structures in phonology and syntax. This hostile
societal attitude toward Pidgin was a setback to its development.
However, the rate at which the Nigerian Pidgin is spoken has been on the
increase. As day breaks people speak Pidgin anywhere anytime in Nigeria
regardless of the societal discrimination especially of the high class
citizens.
Pidgin English language has been the most popular language of Nigerian
musicians. In spite of the fact that most Nigerian singers use Pidgin English
language, they still try to identify with their indigenous languages. Nigerian
singers use their music as a medium of informing their listeners of the
current event and liberation strategies, using alternate language understood
only by those within the cultural network. This alternative happens to be
Pidgin English.

6. 1.1 PIDGIN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIA
Obiechina (1984), Elugbe (1995) and Egbokhare (2001) are
unanimous in their opinion that the Nigerian Pidgin English came
into Nigeria through the coast. Different pidgin variants have been noticed
on Nigeria – Obiechina’s version shall be considered because the writer
considers the meticulousness of the writer in compartmentalization of
Nigerian pidgin into variants as exhaustive and critical. Below is a diagram
which summarizes Obiechina’s classification of the Nigerian Pidgin English;
the variants identified are five,
namely:Bendel, Calabar, Lagos, Kano/Maiduguri and Port
Harcourt variants.
(i) Bendel Variant

7. (ii) Calabar Variant (iii) Kano/Maidugu
ri Variant
(iv) Lagos Variant (v) Port Harcourt
Variant
A variant is characterized by a preponderant influence of its substrate
language on the form and usage of that variant. A
variantpopularises vocabularies from a substrate language including their
pronunciation, spelling, usage and meaning beyond the territory of the
original speakers.

8. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
An investigation into the use of Pidgin English vocabulary in the
music industry in Nigeria is necessary in order to understand the social
structures of the society and the language behaviour itself. Writing on
Nigerian pidgin, Jowitt (1991) also remarked that recently the pidgin has
attained the feat of dignity not only among the illiterates but also the literate
members of the society. He instantiated that the use of pidgin signals
proximity and informality and that it is good music and entertainment.
Today’s Nigerian music has a distinctly different sound than its forebears,
focusing on pop beats and culture rather than the blues, gospel and jazz
sounds of previous the generations. Therefore, there is need for this work to
x-ray the use of pidgin English vocabulary in the Nigerian music industry.
1.3 MUSIC IN NIGERIA
Nigerian music is extremely vibrant and lively. The popular music of
Nigeria is highlife, afrobeat, juju, apala, hiphop (which includes R&B) and a
lot more. As Nigeria culture is completely multi-ethnic, the music in Nigeria
is influenced by a lot of traditions of different tribes. Hip hop which has
gained worldwide popularity in the recent years is the most popular music
among Nigerians today especially music that carries a lot of Pidgin English

9. content in it.
1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
This research intends to show the relationship between language and the
society by investigating the Pidgin lyrics of the Nigerian music. With the
continues growth of the Pidgin English language among the people of
Nigeria, and language learning being highly influenced by the socio-environment,
the music industry in Nigeria is one of the greatest influence
on language acquisition in the country.
Therefore, it is the aim of this research work to review the social impact of
Nigerian Pidgin English vocabulary in the music industry, so that at the end
of this research, readers of this work will be able to have a visible
assessment of the effect of Nigerian Pidgin vocabulary in the music
industry.
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY
This study is being embarked upon because no study of this nature to the
researcher has focused on the complexity of the effect of Pidgin English
vocabulary in Nigerian music industry in Nigeria. A similar research work

10. which the researcher came across is Babalola and Taiwo (2009), which
focuses on code-switching in contemporary Nigerian hiphop songs. This
research work will not only look into code-switching but will examine the
ideological background of Nigerian music songs and relating it to the
linguistic constructions employed as the medium.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE RESEARCH
In the research work, the researcher intends to place more emphasis on
the analysis of pervasive lexico-grammatical properties of Nigerian music on
the use of Pidgin English language. The study is limited to the Nigerian
environment alone. Because of space constraint and for explicit discussion,
a maximum of three Nigerian music tracks will be selected and used as the
data in this research work.
1.7 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The method intended will incorporate the following components of
linguistics/language in layers:
(i) Sampling and listening to some randomly selected Nigerian
music tracks.
(ii) Selection and analysis of some musical lyrics.

11. (iii) Evaluation of common expressions, grammatical construction,
and lexical items in Nigerian music.
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