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Missouri City, Texas
THE TV ANTENNA TOWER
TheTV AntennaTower
 A TV station in Houston decided to strengthen its
signal by erecting a new, taller (1,000 foot)
transmission antenna.
 The design employed twenty 50-foot segments
that would have to be lifted up into place
sequentially by a jib crane that moved up with the
tower.
 Each segment required a lifting lug to permit that
segment to be hoisted off the flatbed delivery
truck and then lifted into place by the crane.
TheTV AntennaTower
 When the rigging company received the twentieth
and last tower segment, it faced a new problem.
 While the lifting lug was satisfactory for lifting the
segment horizontally off the delivery truck, it
would not enable the segment to be lifted
vertically.
 The jib crane cable interfered with the antennae
baskets at the top of the segment.
 The riggers asked permission from the design
company to temporarily remove the baskets.
TheTV AntennaTower
 The riggers were refused.
 Officials at the design firm said the last time they
gave permission to make similar changes, they had
to pay tens of thousands of dollars to repair the
antenna baskets (which had been damaged on
removal) and to remount and realign them
correctly.
TheTV AntennaTower
 The riggers devised a solution that was seriously
flawed.
 They bolted an extension arm to the tower section
and calculated the size of the required bolts based
on the following . . .
Model RiggersThoughtWas Correct
Model Riggers Should Have Used
Free Body Diagramof Lifting Bar
Analysisof Riggers’ Solution
Analysisof Riggers’ Solution
Analysisof Riggers’ Solution
Analysisof Riggers’ Solution
Analysisof Riggers’ Solution
 In other words, the stress in the new lug bolts was
twelve times what Riggers thought it would be.
TheTV AntennaeTower
 A sophomore-level engineering student who had
taken a course in statics could have detected the
flaw, but the riggers had no engineers on their
staff.
 The riggers, knowing they lacked engineering
expertise, asked the antenna company engineers to
review their proposed solution.
TheTV AntennaeTower
 The engineers again refused, having been ordered
by company management not only not to look at
the drawings but also not to visit the construction
site during the lifting of the last segment.
 Management of the design firm feared that they
would be held liable if there were an accident.
 The designers also failed to suggest to the riggers
that they should hire an engineering consultant to
look over their lifting plans.
TheTV AntennaTower
 When the riggers attempted to lift the top section
of the tower with the microwave baskets, the tower
fell, killing seven men.
 The TV company was taping the lift of the last
segment for future TV promotions, and the
videotape shows the riggers falling to their death.
Ethical Questions
 What conceptions of responsibility seemed most
prevalent in this case?
 Can you suggest other conceptions that might have
helped avoid this tragedy?
Videotape
Cables Sliced Into Ground
Climbing Towerand Antenna
Close-upof Failed U-Bolts
Collapsed Tower Sections
Dropped Support Cables
Failed Lifting Bolts
Failed Lifting Channel
General View
General View
LowerAntenna Section
Support Cables
Tower Legs Jammed Into Ground
UpperAntenna Section
UpperAntenna Section
Wreckage Stacked to Roof of Building

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The TV Antenna Tower