Understanding the Self | Unpacking the Self | The material selfJehnMarieSimon1
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Understanding the Self | Unpacking the Self | The material selfJehnMarieSimon1
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
When we speak of the digital self, we are referring to the self as it exists in digital realms. This varies depending on the individual, since some of us prefer to live online under a pseudonymous or anonymous persona, apart from our physical selves, and others consider the digital to be a more holistic identity that goes beyond the physical.
UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF : The self in sociological perspectiveJehnMarieSimon1
2nd lesson in understanding the self
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
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This is a short report about the sexual self through the interrelation of biology, psychology, and social factors. Some pages would not make sense as they only consist of images where I explained concepts verbally. Peace. I hope you find this still informative.
GEC 1 Understanding the Self (Module 3: Psychological Perspectives, Eastern and Western Thought)
- General Education subject
- CHED-based (for College level)
When we speak of the digital self, we are referring to the self as it exists in digital realms. This varies depending on the individual, since some of us prefer to live online under a pseudonymous or anonymous persona, apart from our physical selves, and others consider the digital to be a more holistic identity that goes beyond the physical.
UTS: UNDERSTANDING THE SELF : The self in sociological perspectiveJehnMarieSimon1
2nd lesson in understanding the self
"Join me on my YouTube channel for more insightful topics! Don't forget to hit the subscribe button and share with your friends to stay updated on all the latest content!"
https://www.youtube.com/@JehnSimon
This is a short report about the sexual self through the interrelation of biology, psychology, and social factors. Some pages would not make sense as they only consist of images where I explained concepts verbally. Peace. I hope you find this still informative.
GEC 1 Understanding the Self (Module 3: Psychological Perspectives, Eastern and Western Thought)
- General Education subject
- CHED-based (for College level)
[Type text][Type text][Type text]Halil Ibrahim GozumReligi.docxhanneloremccaffery
[Type text] [Type text] [Type text]
Halil Ibrahim Gozum
Religion 212
Week 10
Religion
Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe
Nature of God
View of Human Nature
View of Good and Evil
View of “Salvation”
View of After Life
Practices and Rituals
Celebrations and Festivals
Week 2
Hinduism and Jainism
Hinduism does not have a single founder.
Fisher, 2014, p 95
In Jainism, Rishabba, who is the first of the tirthankara is the founder.
Fisher, 2014 pp. 121, 124
In Hinduism, their Gods include Vishnu, the supreme God in Hindu;s Vaishnavite tradition. Krishna, either one of the Supreme Being and/or and avatar of Vishnu. Brahma is the Hindu creation God.
Shiva is one of the live primary form of God in Smarta tradition. Shakti is the form of divine feminine creative power is worshiped as the Supreme being.
Fisher, 2014 pp 84-90
In Jainism, Jains believe that they are the ones who are in control of their destiny. They believe in the power of life. They view demons as being subject to the same passions of humans. One may achieve complete liberation only in a human form.
Fisher, 2014 p.124
In Hinduism all the human beings are considered as the extension of the Brahma, the supreme being
In Jainism, the soul is not created and it has an infinite knowledge and power.
In Hinduism, the sanskirt word karma means “ actions” and refers to the fundamental Hindu principal that one’s morel actions have unavoidable and automatic effects on one’s fortunes in this lie and condition of rebirth. Fisher, 2014 p.77
Jainism teaches the two kind of karma; Ghati (Destructive)
And Aghati (Non-destructive). The soul is affected by the former and the body is affected by the latter.
In Hinduism, Salvation is the freedom from this cycle of birth and death.
Fisher, 2014 p.77
In Jainism, the main prayer, salutes the five special categories of souls that have consciousness or are on their way to achieving it to match.
In Hinduism, they believe in the rebirth and reincarnation of souls and souls are immortal.
Fisher, 2014 p.77
In Jainism, Death may be same as reborn in another physical appearance in the “earthly realm”, suffering the punishment in one of the eight hells or joining the other liberated souls in the heaven.
Fisher, 2014, p.125
In Hinduism, the central Hindu worship is Puja. Puja is a ritual to engage the senses of both devotee and the Gods. Darsham is the act of seeing and being seen by the deity to attain grace. Fisher, 2014 p.95
In Jainism, rituals are important to the Jain faith because beliefs and values are expressed through them.
In Hinduism,
Holi happens at the end of Winter and beginning fo spring.
Janmashrami is Krishna;s birthday. Ganesh is the removal of obstacles celebration
In Jainism, Divali Paryushan Mahaparva is the celebration with meditation, fasting and spiritual study.
Fisher, 2014 pp 108-111, 131-133.
Week 3
Buddhism
Alternative to the ritual oriented Brahmanism if India
There is no personal god.
Buddha was not pessimist or.
Top 10 Most Powerful Religions In The World | Surprise With The Number Of Followers Of Christianity
We all know that money is not everything, and regardless of whether you are a religious or an atheist, you should know that there are many religions in the world and the right thing to do. respect their ideals. Be happy, have fun, help people, and don't be the bad guy. With the above spirit, let's find out the 10 strongest religions in the world.
Baha'u'llah is a Persian man who founded Baha'i religion in the 19th century. Baha'i religion believes in the unity of all religions. Baha'i unites the messengers in the history of religions such as Krishna, Buddha, Moses, Jesus, Mohammed into a religion that fits the needs of the time and the capabilities of the people of that time.
In the early 19th century, a French teacher named Allan Kardec founded animism. Unlike most other religions, Allan Kardec is not a prophet. In fact, spiritualism does not believe in prophecies either. Kardec has written five books on spiritualism, which are based on research and evidence on conversations with the spiritual world. This religion embraces the same values as Christianity, but does not see Jesus as the Son of God.
World Religions Chart(Student’s Name)(Professo.docxericbrooks84875
World Religions Chart
(Student’s Name)
(Professor’s Name)
(Course Title)
(Date of Submission)
WORLD RELIGIONS – REL 212 World Religions
HINDUISM &JAINISM
WEEK 2
Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe
This religion believes in reincarnation and as a result of the cycles the origin of the universe cannot be clearly stated. Still, this chaos of births and deaths is controlled by three Gods, brahma, Vishnu and Shiva.
Nature of God/Creator
Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva are responsible for holding the world together. Brahma creates a world which is preserved by Vishnu and Shiva destroys the world so it can be rebuilt again,
View of Human Nature
Humans have a ritualistic life, giving proper sacrifices to thegods, get married and have children. Humans then live their lives according to the teachings of the religious texts.
View of Good & Evil
Good and evil are viewed on a lens of relativity. As such, depending on the point of view, what is good or evil changes. What brings happiness is termed good and that which brings pain is evil. This then states that what is good or evil is simply a matter of the mind.
View of Salvation
Called moksha, it involves attainment of enlightenment and being liberated from the cycle of life and death.
View of After Life
The belief in reincarnation means that life after death is believed to be the rebirth into a new body.
Practices and Rituals
Yoga an enabler of meditation, puja which is relating to a divine object in the morning.
Celebrations & Festivals
Holi is a time for merrymaking, Shiva ratri to celebrate the goddess and Diwali which can also be new year’s eve.
Week 2 - Sources
Robinson, J. B. (2004). Hinduism. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers.
Jacobs, S. (2010). Hinduism today.
BUDDHISM
WEEK 3
Cosmogony - Origin of the Universe
With his belief in cycles and birth, Buddha stated that determining the origin of the universe is inconceivable and cannot be explained. Buddha said of humans hunger to find the origin of everything as a poverty of thoughts.
Nature of God/Creator
Buddhism does not recognize the existence of a creator and present mankind as the vessels to their own destiny.
View of Human Nature
Buddhism teachings elaborate on self-originating change to oneself through meditation and following the teachings of Buddha. Meditation helps in training the mind which can then gain control of the body as a result. This enables the mind to be fully aware of thoughts and actions and promotes compassion towards others. The aim of humans is to attain a state of total enlightenment.
View of Good & Evil
Buddhism originates good and evil from human preference. As a result, overcoming evil is simply done by changing preference. Evil stems from a bout of desire. A tenet of Buddhism is the eight-fold path. Adhering to this will take away the desire that would have caused evil.
View of Salvation
Buddhism is about attaining a state of enlightenment, an understanding of oneself and the readiness and .
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Introduction
Spiritual Self is one of the
constituents of the “self” (James
1990). The spiritual self is best
manifested in one’s ability to use
moral sensibility and conscience
may be seen through the
expressions of religion and its
beliefs and practices. Cultural
rituals and ceremonies are some
manifestations of what people
believe in.
3. RELIGION
According to Stein,
(2011)religion is a set of cultural
beliefs and practices that usually
include some or all the following
characteristics:
1. A belief in anthropomorphic
supernatural being such as
spirits and gods
4. 2. A focus on sacred
supernatural , where sacred
refers to a feeling of reverence
and awe
3. The presence of suprnatural
power or energy that is found on
supernatural beings as well as
physical beings and objects
5. 4. The performance of ritual
activities that involves
manipulation of sacred
object to communicate to
supernatural beings and
or to influence the control
of events
6. 5.The articulation of worldview
moral codes through narratives
and other means
6. Provide the creation and
maintenance of social bonds
and mechanisms of social
control within the community ;
provide explanation for the
unknown and a sense of control
for the individuals
7. Rituals
Ritual is the performance of
ceremonial acts prescribed by a
tradition or sacred law(Britannica
2017). It is a specific , observable
mode of behavior exhibited by all
unknown societies .It is thus
possible to view rituals as a way of
defining or describing humans. They
are also patterned forms of behavior
that has something to do with the
realm. They can be religious or
secular.
8. Three Fundamental
Characteristics of Rituals (Britannica
2017)
A feeling of emotion or respect, awe,
fascination, or dread in relation to the
sacred
Dependence upon a belief system that is
usually expressed in the language of
myth
Symbolic in relation to reference
9. Examples of Rituals
Rituals vary from culture to culture. In
the Philippines we have performed rituals in
different regions as their way of offering to
what they considered as deities.
1. Magic- commonly called “tricks” or
“illusions” that make impossible thing seem
to happen. It may be used for
entertainment but as ritual it has something
to do with activities by which persons can
compel the supernatural or forces of nature.
10. 2. Witchcraft- commonly understood as
“kulam” refers to the idea that some people
have inborn power to harness spirits or
energies for specific purposes. It is an
explanation of events based on the belief
that some individuals posses an innate
psychic power capable of causing harm
including sickness and death. Withcraft is
also associated or closely related with
sorcery. Witchcraft is widely considered evil
as it may cause harm to people for vengeful
reasons and causing harm due to revenge is
not an acceptable behavior in the society.
11. What the bible says about Magic,
Rituals and Witchcraft?
Open your bible and read:
1. Deutronomy 18:10-13
2. Mark 12:29-31
12. The self can be described as ritual
being who exhibits a striking
parallel between their ritual and
verbal behavior. Just as a
language is a system of symbols
that is based upon arbitrary
rules, rituals may be viewed as a
system of symbolic acts that is
based upon arbitrary rules.
Participation to rituals is an
expression of religious beliefs.
13. Some World Religions and
Belief System
A. Buddhism-believes that life
is full of sufferings, pain and
frustrations. When people
suffer they want to experience
the goodness of life and avoid
disappointment . When people
suffer they want to experience
the goodness of life and avoid
disappointments.
14. It becomes a habit known as
reactive cycle of wanting and
hating, like and dislike and
craving and aversion. This
reactive cycle can be broken
though the practice of
meditation, acquiring more
wisdom and deeper
understanding and
acceptance of things as they
are.
15. Customs and Practices of Buddhism
Two types of Meditation Practices
Samatha Visappana
Practiced as
mindfulness
of breathing
and loving
kindness
(Metta Bhavana)
Aimed at developing insights
into reality. Acquiring wisdom
is by studying Buddha’s
teachings , the Dharma.
Through the reflection of
Dharma, Buddhist can achieve
deeper understanding of life.
Buddhists believe in non
violence principle
16. The Buddhist Dharma Wheel Contains the
Following Teachings
Contents Meaning
1. Right View Know the truth
2. Right Intentions Free your mind of evil
3. Right Speech Say nothing that hurts others
4. Right Actions Work for the good of others
5. Right Livelihood Respect Life
6. Right Effort Resist Evil
7. Right Concentration Practice Meditation
8. Right Mindfulness Control Your Thoughts
17. Christianity-
Christians believe in
Trinitarian God. One God in
three personas, God the
Father (creator), God the
Son (savior) God the Holy
Spirit (sustainer). Eternal
life will be achieved
through faith in Jesus
Christ.
18. Jesus Christ is God the son who
came into flesh to spread the
good news of salvation. He died
on the cross for the sin of
humanity but resurrected from
the dead so that anyone who
believes in him will be saved and
have eternal life. The Holy Bible
is a selection of books which is
divided into two, the Old
Testament and the New
Testament .
19. Customs and Practices of
Christians
Sacrament of Baptism and
sacrament of Communion are
practiced by Christian
churches. The sacrament of
baptism symbolizes the birth
in Christian world, while the
sacrament of communion is an
act of remembrance of Jesus
Christ’s sacrificial love.
20. Jesus Christ’s teaching of
unconditional love is expressed in
loving the poor, oppressed and
outcast of the society. Christmas and
Resurrection(Easter) are the two
major celebrations in Christianity.
Christmas celebrated on December
25, commemorates the birth of Jesus
Christ while Resurrection Sunday
(depends on the lunar calendar,
sometimes in March of April)
celebrates the resurrection of Jesus
Christ from death.
21. Hinduism-covers a wide range of
traditional beliefs and religious
groups ; thus there is no single
founder or leader. Hindus believe
that existence is a cycle of birth,
death and rebirth, governed by
Karma. Karma is the concept
where the reincarnated life will
depend on how the past life was
spent.
22. Hindus believe that a soul
passes through a cycle of
successive lives and its next
incarnation is always
dependent on how the
previous life was lived. Vedas
are sacred scriptures of
Hindus. Mahabharata and
Ramayana are two othe
important texts of the Hindus.
23. Customs and Practices of Hinduism
Diwali and Navrati are the
most celebrated festivals of the
Hindus. Diwali is the festival of
Lights while Navrati is the
festival of nine nights , which
celebrate the triumph of good
over evil. Hindu have set dates to
honor particular manifestation of
God.
24. Islam- Muslims believe in
Allah, who is their one God.
They believe in the unity and
universality of God. Muslims
also have strong sense of
community or “ummah” and
an awareness and an
awareness of their solidarity
with all Muslims worldwide.
25. Islam means “willing submission
to God”. Muslims believe that
Muhammed is the first and last
and final prophet sent by God.
Mohammed was born in Mecca in
570 CE and received revelations
from God though the angel
Gabriel over a period of 23 years.
The Holy Bible of the Muslims is
called Quran which was taught to
be recited in Arabic because any
translation is seen inadequate.
26. Customs and Practices
Muslims believe in the 5 pillars of Islam,
which are the foundation of Muslim lives:
1. Shahadah- statement of faith, There is no
other God but one true God Allah and
Mohammed is his messenger.
2. Salat- the prayer that is practiced 5 times
a day
3. Zakat- the monetary offering for the
benefit of the poor. It comprises the 2.5
percent of Muslim’s assets
4. Haji-the yearly pilgrimage to Mecca.
Muslims who can afford are asked to do
pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime
5. Sawn- the fasting.Muslims do fasting fro
food, drink, and sexual act during the
27. 3. Zakat- the monetary offering for
the benefit of the poor. It
comprises the 2.5 percent of
Muslim’s assets
4. Haji-the yearly pilgrimage to
Mecca. Muslims who can afford
are asked to do pilgrimage at
least once in their lifetime
5. Sawn- the fasting. Muslims do
fasting from food, drink, and
sexual act during the celebration
of Ramadan, the ninth month of
the Islamic calendar. The fst is
from dawn to sunset.
28. Two of the major
festivals in Islam are
Eidul Fitr and Eidul Adha.
Eidul Fitr is the
celebration of the end of
Ramadan while Eidul
Adha is celebrated
within the completion of
the Pilgrimage, the Haji.
29. Judaism
The Jews believe in the God of Abraham,
the same God that liberated Hebrew
slaves from Egypt to Canaan, the
Promised Land through the leadership
of Mosses. and later by Joshua. Jews
believe in the coming of Messiah, the
Savior. The sacred scriptures of the Jews
is the Torah or the Law. The Torah is the
guide of the Jewish living. The study and
interpretation of Torah is part of the
Jewish culture.
30. Customs and Practices
Five major festivals of the Jews:
Rosh Hashana- The New Year
Yom Kippur- The Day of Atonement
Pesach – Passover
Shavuot- Pentecost
Sukkot- Tabernacles. The Jewish
Sabbath begins on Friday evening
at sunset and is an important time
when families gather for the
Shabbat meal
31. FINDING AND CREATING THE MEANING
OF LIFE
Dr. Victor Frank- a doctor from
University of Vienna who published a
book, The Doctor and the Soul: An
Introduction to Logotheraphy and
Man’s Search for Meaning.
Logotheraphy is a psychotherapy, the
main belief of which is that man’s
primary motivational force is to search
for meaning.
32. Logotherapy aids individuals to
find personal meaning in life ,
whatever life situation there
may be. In logotherapy meaning
can be discovered by creating a
work or doing a deed,
experiencing something or
encountering someone and an
attitude towards an unavoidable
suffering.
33. Basic Concepts of Franklian Psychology.
Life has meaning under all circumstances
Main motivation for living is our will to find
meaning in life
Freedom to find meaning
Furthermore Franklian Psychology aims man to:
become aware of spiritual resources
More conscious of the spiritual resources
Use defiant power of the human spirit and stand
up against adversity
34. Logotherapy Assumptions
1. The human being is an entity consisting of
body mind and soul
2. Life has meaning under all circumstances ,
even the most miserable- ultimate meaning.
This is difficult to grasp but it is something
everyone experiences and it represents an
order in the world with laws that go beyond
human laws
3. People have a will to meaning- main
motivation for living and acting. When we
see meaning we are ready for any type of
suffering . This is considered to be different
than our will to achieve power and pleasure.
35. 4.People have freedom under all
circumstances to activate the will
to find meaning. This deals with
change of attitude about
unavoidable fate.
5. Life has a demand quality to which
people must respond if decisions
are to be meaningful. The
meaning of the moment is more
practical in daily living than
ultimate meaning. This can be done
by following the values of society
or by the voice of our conscience
36. 6.The individual is unique. This deals
with one’s sense of meaning. This is
enhanced by the realization that we
are irreplaceable.
In essence all humans are unique
with the entity of the mind body and
spirit. We all go through unique
situations and are constantly looking
to find meaning . We are free to do
this at all times in response to
certain demands.
37. Frankl’s Sources of Meaning
Purposeful Work
Courage in the Face of Difficulty
Love
38. Ways of Discovering Meaning in life
Experiential Values- experiencing something or
someone we value –parents, family, friends, house,
car
Creative Values- becoming involved in one’s
projects, or in one’s own project, etc.
Attitude values-include practicing virtues such as
compassion, bravery and good sense of humor.
Frankl’s best example achieving meaning by way of
suffering.