The presentation discusses the Semantic Web in relation to Drupal 7, emphasizing its importance in enabling machines to effectively search and manage growing amounts of online information. It covers the integration of structured data through schemas like schema.org and highlights the limitations of Drupal 7's RDF capabilities, along with improvements expected in Drupal 8. Moreover, it introduces modules for enhanced RDF functionality in Drupal, enabling better data handling and semantic interoperability.

1. The Semantic Web and
Drupal 7
Stéphane Corlosquet
Drupal Summit Latino – Loja, Ecuador
March, 2013

2. About the speaker
● Stéphane “scor” Corlosquet
● 7 years with Drupal
● Software engineer at Acquia
● Drupal 7 RDF core maintainer
● Drupal Security Team member
● Co-authored the
Definitive Guide to Drupal 7
● Contrib modules: RDF Extensions,
SPARQL, schema.org, WebID
● Member of the RDFa WG at W3C

3. The Semantic Web

4. The Web today

5. Many information silos
Image credits: www.pidgintech.com

6. Many isolated and disparate communities
Image credits: www.pidgintech.com

7. Growing amount of information
● Blogs, News, Comments
● Social platforms: Facebook, Google plus
● Everyday more and more content is published
● Desktop, laptops, tablets, smartphones...
● Sensor data for weather, traffic, healthcare
● Billions of public pages
● Deep web?

8. What do machines see?

9. Challenge:
How can machines help us
search all this information?

10. Vision of the Semantic Web
● Transition to the Giant Global Graph
● WWW = content+links
● GGG = WWW+relationships+descriptions
● Universal medium for data, information and
knowledge exchange

11. Evolution of the Web

12. The One Machine
● All devices connected
● Personal computers
● Data servers
● Cell phones
● PDAs
● RFID tags
http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2007/11/dimensions_of_t.php

13. Key
● Agree on Standards
● Open Data

14. Rich Snippets

15. Google

16. Yahoo!

17. Bing

18. Why Structured Data in HTML
● Helps machines extract
relevant data from HTML
● Can make use of this data
in new ways:
–enhanced search results
– Knowledge graph
● Search engines only index HTML

19. Structured Data in HTML
● HTML attributes
● Syntaxes
– Microformats (@class, @rel)
– RDFa (@property, @typeof, @resource…)
– Microdata (@itemscope, @itemtype, @itemprop, …)

20. Structured Data in HTML
● Evolution and cross-syntax influence

21. Schema.org

22. Schema.org
● Describe the type of your content (Person,
Event, Recipe, Product, Book, Movie, etc.)
– 416 types and counting
● Each type has a set of properties
– Common properties: name, description, image, url
– Specific properties depending on the type (see type page
on schema.org)
– 544 properties and counting

23. Credits: Dan Brickley - link.

24. Schema.org

25. How does schema.org apply to Drupal?
● Content types

26. How does schema.org apply to Drupal?
● From content types to RDF

27. Schema.org module for Drupal
● Map your content types and fields to the
schema.org terms
http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg

28. Content types and Fields

29. Content types and Fields

30. Content types and Fields

31. Example: Event

32. Rich Snippet testing tool
● http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets

33. Examples
● Events
– “force11 events”: http://goo.gl/VVhNM
– DrupalCon Munich: http://goo.gl/jgMvw
– University of Waterloo: http://goo.gl/Df9hp
● Person
– DGD7 – Jacine Luisi: http://t.co/rTK8N9K2
– Stéphane Corlosquet: http://goo.gl/9dWdL

34. Drupal, rNews and RDFa
Open Publish
● Free Drupal distribution for building News sites
● rNews support in RDFa
● Download

35. Useful modules
● http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg
– UI for mapping content types and fields to schema.org
– Documentation on drupal.org
– Screencast + examples
● http://drupal.org/project/rdfa
– Implements the latest RDFa 1.1 (Drupal core is 1.0)
– HTML5 and RDFa
– Under development
● http://drupal.org/project/microdata
– Standalone module
– HTML5 Microdata

36. Schema.org module
Play time!
http://bit.ly/schema-event
http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets

37. Beyond SEO:
How is RDF architected
in Drupal 7

38. History of RDF in Drupal
● rdf.php (2000, Dries)
● FOAF, vCard (2004, walkah)
● Relationship (2005, dman)
● Semantic Search (2006, hendler)
● RDF (2007, Arto)
● OpenCalais (febbraro, 2008)
● RDF CCK (2008, scor)

39. Architecture
● User driven data model
● Content type => RDF class
● Field => RDF property
● Node => RDF resource
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oriente_Station_Lisboa_roof.jpg

40. Content types and Fields

41. Content types and Fields

42. Node

43. Drupal 7 and RDF
● The RDF mapping API allows any vocabulary
● Default mappings on blogs, forums, comments,
etc. using FOAF, SIOC, DC, SKOS
● Drupal 7 core outputs these mappings in RDFa
● Mappings can be changed to include other
vocabularies like schema.org

44. Drupal 7 default RDF mappings

45. Drupal 7 core RDF limitations
● No schema.org out of the box
● No UI for managing the RDF mappings
● Only core fields are supported (text, file, image)
– No support for contrib fields: addressfield, fivestar
● No native support for Views or Panels
– Display suite 2.0 is OK
● Some contrib modules can help
● Drupal 8 to fix these many of these issues

46. Drupal 7 and RDF
● Contributed module for more features
● RDF Extensions
● Serialization formats: RDF/XML, Turtle, N-Triples
● Mapping UI
● SPARQL
● Expose Drupal RDF data in a SPARQL Endpoint
● SPARQL Views
● Display remote RDF data in Drupal using SPARQL
● JSON-LD
● Expose Drupal RDF data as JSON-LD (CORS-enabled)
● Features and packaging
● Build distributions / deployment workflow

47. SPARQL Endpoint
● Indexing
http://drupal.org/project/sparql

48. SPARQL Endpoint
● Public endpoint available at /sparql
● http://prefix.cc/sioc,rnews.sparql

49. RDFa 1.1
● Published as W3C Recommendation
● RDFa Lite
● RDFa 1.1 Full
● Leaner markup
● http://rdfa.info/play/

50. RDFa 1.1
● Works with HTML5
● No dependency on XHTML
● HTML5 doctype
● Popular themes have been updated (Omega,
Zen, Adaptive Themes)

51. Demos
rNews by International Press
Telecommunications Council (IPTC)
– Open Publish
PREFIX rnews: <http://iptc.org/std/rNews/2011-10-07#>
SELECT * WHERE {
?s a rnews:Article;
rnews:name ?title.
}

52. JSON-LD in Drupal
● Client side as well as server side friendly
● Browser Scripting:
– Native javascript format
– RDFa API in the DOM
● Data can be fetched from anywhere:
– Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) enabled
● Client can mash data
● http://drupal.org/project/jsonld

53. Demos
● Occupy Directory
– http://directory.occupy.net/occupations
– JSON-LD: http://directory.occupy.net/node/19652.jsonld
● Federated General Assembly
– Drupal distribution for occupy movement
– http://wiki.occupy.net/wiki/Federated_General_Assembly

54. Domeo + Drupal
● Data mash up from independent, but related
sources

55. Domeo + Drupal
● Data mash up from independent, but related
sources

56. Thanks!
● Stéphane Corlosquet: scorlosquet@gmail.com
– @scorlosquet
– http://openspring.net/