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The Semantic Web and
              Drupal 7




Stéphane Corlosquet
Drupal Summit Latino – Loja, Ecuador
March, 2013
About the speaker
●   Stéphane “scor” Corlosquet
    ●   7 years with Drupal
    ●   Software engineer at Acquia
    ●   Drupal 7 RDF core maintainer
    ●   Drupal Security Team member
    ●   Co-authored the
        Definitive Guide to Drupal 7
    ●   Contrib modules: RDF Extensions,
        SPARQL, schema.org, WebID
    ●   Member of the RDFa WG at W3C
The Semantic Web
The Web today
Many information silos




Image credits: www.pidgintech.com
Many isolated and disparate communities




Image credits: www.pidgintech.com
Growing amount of information
●   Blogs, News, Comments
●   Social platforms: Facebook, Google plus
●   Everyday more and more content is published
●   Desktop, laptops, tablets, smartphones...
●   Sensor data for weather, traffic, healthcare
●   Billions of public pages
●   Deep web?
What do machines see?
Challenge:

How can machines help us
search all this information?
Vision of the Semantic Web
●   Transition to the Giant Global Graph
    ●   WWW = content+links


    ●   GGG = WWW+relationships+descriptions


●   Universal medium for data, information and
    knowledge exchange
Evolution of the Web
The One Machine
●   All devices connected
    ●   Personal computers
    ●   Data servers
    ●   Cell phones
    ●   PDAs
    ●   RFID tags




                       http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2007/11/dimensions_of_t.php
Key
●   Agree on Standards



●   Open Data
Rich Snippets
Google
Yahoo!
Bing
Why Structured Data in HTML

●   Helps machines extract
    relevant data from HTML
●   Can make use of this data
    in new ways:
       –enhanced search results
      – Knowledge graph
●   Search engines only index HTML
Structured Data in HTML


●   HTML attributes

●   Syntaxes
       –   Microformats (@class, @rel)
       –   RDFa (@property, @typeof, @resource…)
       –   Microdata (@itemscope, @itemtype, @itemprop, …)
Structured Data in HTML
●   Evolution and cross-syntax influence
Schema.org
Schema.org
●   Describe the type of your content (Person,
    Event, Recipe, Product, Book, Movie, etc.)
       –   416 types and counting
●   Each type has a set of properties
       –   Common properties: name, description, image, url
       –   Specific properties depending on the type (see type page
           on schema.org)
       –   544 properties and counting
Credits: Dan Brickley - link.
Schema.org
How does schema.org apply to Drupal?
●   Content types
How does schema.org apply to Drupal?
●   From content types to RDF
Schema.org module for Drupal
●   Map your content types and fields to the
    schema.org terms




                          http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg
Content types and Fields
Content types and Fields
Content types and Fields
Example: Event
Rich Snippet testing tool
●   http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets
Examples
●   Events
      –   “force11 events”: http://goo.gl/VVhNM
      –   DrupalCon Munich: http://goo.gl/jgMvw
      –   University of Waterloo: http://goo.gl/Df9hp


●   Person
      –   DGD7 – Jacine Luisi: http://t.co/rTK8N9K2
      –   Stéphane Corlosquet: http://goo.gl/9dWdL
Drupal, rNews and RDFa

Open Publish
●   Free Drupal distribution for building News sites
●   rNews support in RDFa
●   Download
Useful modules
●   http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg
       –   UI for mapping content types and fields to schema.org
       –   Documentation on drupal.org
       –   Screencast + examples
●   http://drupal.org/project/rdfa
       –   Implements the latest RDFa 1.1 (Drupal core is 1.0)
       –   HTML5 and RDFa
       –   Under development
●   http://drupal.org/project/microdata
       –   Standalone module
       –   HTML5 Microdata
Schema.org module


                    Play time!

      http://bit.ly/schema-event
http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets
Beyond SEO:
How is RDF architected
      in Drupal 7
History of RDF in Drupal
●   rdf.php (2000, Dries)
●   FOAF, vCard (2004, walkah)
●   Relationship (2005, dman)
●   Semantic Search (2006, hendler)
●   RDF (2007, Arto)
●   OpenCalais (febbraro, 2008)
●   RDF CCK (2008, scor)
Architecture
●   User driven data model
●   Content type => RDF class
●   Field => RDF property
●   Node => RDF resource




                        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oriente_Station_Lisboa_roof.jpg
Content types and Fields
Content types and Fields
Node
Drupal 7 and RDF

●   The RDF mapping API allows any vocabulary
●   Default mappings on blogs, forums, comments,
    etc. using FOAF, SIOC, DC, SKOS
●   Drupal 7 core outputs these mappings in RDFa
●   Mappings can be changed to include other
    vocabularies like schema.org
Drupal 7 default RDF mappings
Drupal 7 core RDF limitations
●   No schema.org out of the box
●   No UI for managing the RDF mappings
●   Only core fields are supported (text, file, image)
       –   No support for contrib fields: addressfield, fivestar
●   No native support for Views or Panels
       –   Display suite 2.0 is OK
●   Some contrib modules can help
●   Drupal 8 to fix these many of these issues
Drupal 7 and RDF
●   Contributed module for more features
    ●   RDF Extensions
           ●   Serialization formats: RDF/XML, Turtle, N-Triples
           ●   Mapping UI
    ●   SPARQL
           ●   Expose Drupal RDF data in a SPARQL Endpoint
    ●   SPARQL Views
           ●   Display remote RDF data in Drupal using SPARQL
    ●   JSON-LD
           ●   Expose Drupal RDF data as JSON-LD (CORS-enabled)
    ●   Features and packaging
           ●   Build distributions / deployment workflow
SPARQL Endpoint
●   Indexing




     http://drupal.org/project/sparql
SPARQL Endpoint
●   Public endpoint available at /sparql
●   http://prefix.cc/sioc,rnews.sparql
RDFa 1.1
●   Published as W3C Recommendation
●   RDFa Lite
●   RDFa 1.1 Full
●   Leaner markup
●   http://rdfa.info/play/
RDFa 1.1
●   Works with HTML5
●   No dependency on XHTML
●   HTML5 doctype
●   Popular themes have been updated (Omega,
    Zen, Adaptive Themes)
Demos
rNews by International Press
Telecommunications Council (IPTC)
  –    Open Publish


      PREFIX rnews: <http://iptc.org/std/rNews/2011-10-07#>

      SELECT * WHERE {
        ?s a rnews:Article;
          rnews:name ?title.
      }
JSON-LD in Drupal
●   Client side as well as server side friendly
●   Browser Scripting:
       –   Native javascript format
       –   RDFa API in the DOM
●   Data can be fetched from anywhere:
       –   Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) enabled
●   Client can mash data
●   http://drupal.org/project/jsonld
Demos
●   Occupy Directory
      –   http://directory.occupy.net/occupations
      –   JSON-LD: http://directory.occupy.net/node/19652.jsonld



●   Federated General Assembly
      –   Drupal distribution for occupy movement
      –   http://wiki.occupy.net/wiki/Federated_General_Assembly
Domeo + Drupal
●   Data mash up from independent, but related
    sources
Domeo + Drupal
●   Data mash up from independent, but related
    sources
Thanks!

●   Stéphane Corlosquet: scorlosquet@gmail.com
      –   @scorlosquet
      –   http://openspring.net/

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The Semantic Web and Drupal 7 - Loja 2013

  • 1. The Semantic Web and Drupal 7 Stéphane Corlosquet Drupal Summit Latino – Loja, Ecuador March, 2013
  • 2. About the speaker ● Stéphane “scor” Corlosquet ● 7 years with Drupal ● Software engineer at Acquia ● Drupal 7 RDF core maintainer ● Drupal Security Team member ● Co-authored the Definitive Guide to Drupal 7 ● Contrib modules: RDF Extensions, SPARQL, schema.org, WebID ● Member of the RDFa WG at W3C
  • 5. Many information silos Image credits: www.pidgintech.com
  • 6. Many isolated and disparate communities Image credits: www.pidgintech.com
  • 7. Growing amount of information ● Blogs, News, Comments ● Social platforms: Facebook, Google plus ● Everyday more and more content is published ● Desktop, laptops, tablets, smartphones... ● Sensor data for weather, traffic, healthcare ● Billions of public pages ● Deep web?
  • 9. Challenge: How can machines help us search all this information?
  • 10. Vision of the Semantic Web ● Transition to the Giant Global Graph ● WWW = content+links ● GGG = WWW+relationships+descriptions ● Universal medium for data, information and knowledge exchange
  • 12. The One Machine ● All devices connected ● Personal computers ● Data servers ● Cell phones ● PDAs ● RFID tags http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2007/11/dimensions_of_t.php
  • 13. Key ● Agree on Standards ● Open Data
  • 17. Bing
  • 18. Why Structured Data in HTML ● Helps machines extract relevant data from HTML ● Can make use of this data in new ways: –enhanced search results – Knowledge graph ● Search engines only index HTML
  • 19. Structured Data in HTML ● HTML attributes ● Syntaxes – Microformats (@class, @rel) – RDFa (@property, @typeof, @resource…) – Microdata (@itemscope, @itemtype, @itemprop, …)
  • 20. Structured Data in HTML ● Evolution and cross-syntax influence
  • 22. Schema.org ● Describe the type of your content (Person, Event, Recipe, Product, Book, Movie, etc.) – 416 types and counting ● Each type has a set of properties – Common properties: name, description, image, url – Specific properties depending on the type (see type page on schema.org) – 544 properties and counting
  • 25. How does schema.org apply to Drupal? ● Content types
  • 26. How does schema.org apply to Drupal? ● From content types to RDF
  • 27. Schema.org module for Drupal ● Map your content types and fields to the schema.org terms http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg
  • 32. Rich Snippet testing tool ● http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets
  • 33. Examples ● Events – “force11 events”: http://goo.gl/VVhNM – DrupalCon Munich: http://goo.gl/jgMvw – University of Waterloo: http://goo.gl/Df9hp ● Person – DGD7 – Jacine Luisi: http://t.co/rTK8N9K2 – Stéphane Corlosquet: http://goo.gl/9dWdL
  • 34. Drupal, rNews and RDFa Open Publish ● Free Drupal distribution for building News sites ● rNews support in RDFa ● Download
  • 35. Useful modules ● http://drupal.org/project/schemaorg – UI for mapping content types and fields to schema.org – Documentation on drupal.org – Screencast + examples ● http://drupal.org/project/rdfa – Implements the latest RDFa 1.1 (Drupal core is 1.0) – HTML5 and RDFa – Under development ● http://drupal.org/project/microdata – Standalone module – HTML5 Microdata
  • 36. Schema.org module Play time! http://bit.ly/schema-event http://www.google.com/webmasters/tools/richsnippets
  • 37. Beyond SEO: How is RDF architected in Drupal 7
  • 38. History of RDF in Drupal ● rdf.php (2000, Dries) ● FOAF, vCard (2004, walkah) ● Relationship (2005, dman) ● Semantic Search (2006, hendler) ● RDF (2007, Arto) ● OpenCalais (febbraro, 2008) ● RDF CCK (2008, scor)
  • 39. Architecture ● User driven data model ● Content type => RDF class ● Field => RDF property ● Node => RDF resource http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oriente_Station_Lisboa_roof.jpg
  • 42. Node
  • 43. Drupal 7 and RDF ● The RDF mapping API allows any vocabulary ● Default mappings on blogs, forums, comments, etc. using FOAF, SIOC, DC, SKOS ● Drupal 7 core outputs these mappings in RDFa ● Mappings can be changed to include other vocabularies like schema.org
  • 44. Drupal 7 default RDF mappings
  • 45. Drupal 7 core RDF limitations ● No schema.org out of the box ● No UI for managing the RDF mappings ● Only core fields are supported (text, file, image) – No support for contrib fields: addressfield, fivestar ● No native support for Views or Panels – Display suite 2.0 is OK ● Some contrib modules can help ● Drupal 8 to fix these many of these issues
  • 46. Drupal 7 and RDF ● Contributed module for more features ● RDF Extensions ● Serialization formats: RDF/XML, Turtle, N-Triples ● Mapping UI ● SPARQL ● Expose Drupal RDF data in a SPARQL Endpoint ● SPARQL Views ● Display remote RDF data in Drupal using SPARQL ● JSON-LD ● Expose Drupal RDF data as JSON-LD (CORS-enabled) ● Features and packaging ● Build distributions / deployment workflow
  • 47. SPARQL Endpoint ● Indexing http://drupal.org/project/sparql
  • 48. SPARQL Endpoint ● Public endpoint available at /sparql ● http://prefix.cc/sioc,rnews.sparql
  • 49. RDFa 1.1 ● Published as W3C Recommendation ● RDFa Lite ● RDFa 1.1 Full ● Leaner markup ● http://rdfa.info/play/
  • 50. RDFa 1.1 ● Works with HTML5 ● No dependency on XHTML ● HTML5 doctype ● Popular themes have been updated (Omega, Zen, Adaptive Themes)
  • 51. Demos rNews by International Press Telecommunications Council (IPTC) – Open Publish PREFIX rnews: <http://iptc.org/std/rNews/2011-10-07#> SELECT * WHERE { ?s a rnews:Article; rnews:name ?title. }
  • 52. JSON-LD in Drupal ● Client side as well as server side friendly ● Browser Scripting: – Native javascript format – RDFa API in the DOM ● Data can be fetched from anywhere: – Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) enabled ● Client can mash data ● http://drupal.org/project/jsonld
  • 53. Demos ● Occupy Directory – http://directory.occupy.net/occupations – JSON-LD: http://directory.occupy.net/node/19652.jsonld ● Federated General Assembly – Drupal distribution for occupy movement – http://wiki.occupy.net/wiki/Federated_General_Assembly
  • 54. Domeo + Drupal ● Data mash up from independent, but related sources
  • 55. Domeo + Drupal ● Data mash up from independent, but related sources
  • 56. Thanks! ● Stéphane Corlosquet: scorlosquet@gmail.com – @scorlosquet – http://openspring.net/