This document summarizes important people and events in 20th century Chinese history from the late Qing dynasty through the post-Mao era. It discusses nationalist leader Sun Yat-sen, warlords who ruled in the 1920s, Chiang Kai-shek becoming president in 1928, Mao Zedong's early revolutionary activities, the Long March, Japanese invasion from 1931-1945, establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, reasons for the communists' success over the nationalists, and Mao's policies including the Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution, and his cult of personality. It also outlines Deng Xiaoping's post-Mao economic reforms, the Tiananmen Square protests of

1. By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

2. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925)
(Dr. Sun Yat-sen)

3. Chinese Warlords, 1920s
Yuan Shi-kai

4. China in 1924

5. Mao Zedong As a Young
Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)

6. Mao With His Children,
1930s

7. Jiang Jieshi Becomes President
of Nationalist China, 1928
(Chiang Kai-shek)

9. The Long March

10. Survivors of the March

12. Japanese Aggression, 1931 - 1945

13. Victims of the Japanese bombing
of Shanghai.

14. Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking
December 9, 1937

15. The Japanese Invasion,
1937

16. Japanese Bayonet Practice

17. Beheadings Took Place in
Public!

19. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

20. The Communist Victory

21. Taiwan: The Republic of
China

22. Jiang Jieshu (1887-1975)
(Chiang Kai-shek)

23. Madame Jiang Jieshu

24. The People’s Republic of
China

25. Reasons for the
Communists’ Success
► Mao won support of peasants – land
► Mao won support of women
► Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics
► Many saw the Nationalist government
as corrupt
► Many felt that the Nationalists allowed
foreigners to dominate China.

27. Great Leap Forward, 1958
► 5 year plan to increase agriculture
and industry
► Communes
 Groups of people who live and work
together
 Property held in common
 Had production quotas
► Failed due to poor quality of
products, poor weather hurt
agriculture

28. Communist China Under
Mao
► Industrialized China
► Increased literacy
► Class privileges ended
► Rural Chinese received health
care
► One-party dictatorship
► Denied people basic rights and
freedoms --> Inner Mongolia,
Tibet

29. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama
in Beijing, 1954
► Tibet --> an
autonomous
area.
► Dalai Lama
fled in the
late 1950s to
India.

31. A Campaign Against the
“FOUR OLDS”
► Old Thoughts
► Old Culture
► Old Customs
► Old Habits
To Rebel Is Good!To Rebel Is Good!

32. Communist China Under
Mao
► Designed to renew revolutionary
spirit and establish a more
equitable society
► Mao wanted to put “intellectuals”
in their place
► Schools shut down – students
revolted
► Red Guards – students who
attacked professors, government
officials, factory managers

33. A Red Guard

34. Red Guards March to
Canton

35. With regard to the great teacher Chairman
Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard
to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously
stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968)
Cult of Personality

36. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our
heart, Chairman Mao, and us together
Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers
Art Academy collective, 1968
Mao’s
Little Red
Book

37. Propaganda Poster

38. Go among the workers, peasants and
soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!
1967-1972

39. Propaganda Poster

40. Propaganda Poster

41. Propaganda Poster

42. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”:
U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

43. Mao Meets President Nixon,
1972

44. Power Struggle
Modernists
Communist
Traditionalists
Zhou Enlai
“The Gang of Four”:
Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang
Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan
1976

46. Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

47. De-Maoization
► Agriculture
► Industry
► Science
► Defense
““The 4 ModernizationsThe 4 Modernizations””
Progress in:Progress in:
Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

48. Gap Between Rich & Poor
Deng: If you open a window, some flies
naturally get in!

49. Tiananmen Square, 1989
More democracy!

50. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University

51. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Democracy—Our Common Ideal!

52. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The
“Goddess
of
Democracy”

53. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Government Clamps Down

54. Tiananmen Square, 1989
One Lone Man’s Protest

55. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In

56. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Massacre: A Human Body Crushed by
an Army Tank

57. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Army Looks for Dissidents

58. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Student Leaders Are Arrested

59. Tiananmen Square, 1989
Chinese Students Mourn the Dead

60. Tiananmen Square, 1989
The Reestablishment of Order

61. What’s the Message Here?

62. Demography
► may be no surer predictor of
destiny than trade data. But of
the two momentous changes
championed by Deng Xiaoping a
quarter-century ago, coercive
population controls and experiments
with market economics, the jury is
still out on which will do more to
shape China's long-term potential.

63. Demography

64. Demography
►There are
too many
retirees in
China, and not
enough young
people to
replace them.

65. Demography
► "The evidence is overwhelming that a
large population of unmarried adult
males is a risk factor for both crime
and war," Ms. den Boer said in an
interview. "The fact that China is an
authoritarian country is another risk
factor."