1. Alan Brinkley,Alan Brinkley,
American HistoryAmerican History 14/e14/e
Chapter 1:Chapter 1:
The Collision of CulturesThe Collision of Cultures

2. HighlightsHighlights
 America before ColumbusAmerica before Columbus
 Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.2

3. America before ColumbusAmerica before Columbus
 The Peoples of the Precontact AmericasThe Peoples of the Precontact Americas
– The “Clovis” PeopleThe “Clovis” People
– Archaeologists and Population DiversityArchaeologists and Population Diversity
– The “Archaic” PeriodThe “Archaic” Period
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.3

4. 4 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
North American MigrationsNorth American Migrations
America before ColumbusAmerica before Columbus

5. 5 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
How the Early North Americans LivedHow the Early North Americans Lived
America before ColumbusAmerica before Columbus

6. The Mayan pyramidThe Mayan pyramid
of Kukulkanof Kukulkan
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
6 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
America before ColumbusAmerica before Columbus
 The Growth of Civilizations: The SouthThe Growth of Civilizations: The South
 IncasIncas
 MayasMayas
 MexicaMexica

7. Iroquois womenIroquois women
(Library of Congress)(Library of Congress)
7 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
America before ColumbusAmerica before Columbus
 The Civilizations of the NorthThe Civilizations of the North
– Complex and VariedComplex and Varied
CivilizationsCivilizations
 Hunting, gathering, fishingHunting, gathering, fishing
 CahokiaCahokia
– Mobile SocietiesMobile Societies
 Tribal CulturesTribal Cultures
– Agricultural RevolutionAgricultural Revolution
 Gender rolesGender roles

8. Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 Commerce and NationalismCommerce and Nationalism
– A Reawakening of CommerceA Reawakening of Commerce
– Centralized Nation-StatesCentralized Nation-States
– Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.8

9. Marco Polo leavesMarco Polo leaves
for the Far Eastfor the Far East
(Bibliothèque Nationale(Bibliothèque Nationale
de France)de France)
9 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward

10. Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus
(Library of Congress)(Library of Congress)
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 Christopher ColumbusChristopher Columbus
– Columbus’s First VoyageColumbus’s First Voyage
– Religious Motives forReligious Motives for
ExplorationExploration
– Ferdinand MagellanFerdinand Magellan
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.10

11. European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583
11 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward

12. Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 The ConquistadoresThe Conquistadores
– CortCortéés Conquers the Aztecss Conquers the Aztecs
– Brutality and GreedBrutality and Greed
 Spanish AmericaSpanish America
– Ordinances of DiscoveryOrdinances of Discovery
– Catholic MissionsCatholic Missions
© 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.12

13. Spanish AmericaSpanish America
13 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward

14. Pueblo Ruins in New MexicoPueblo Ruins in New Mexico
(CORBIS/Royalty-Free)(CORBIS/Royalty-Free)
14 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 Northern OutpostsNorthern Outposts
– St. Augustine (1565)St. Augustine (1565)
– Santa Fe (1609)Santa Fe (1609)
– Pueblo Revolt of 1680Pueblo Revolt of 1680
– Assimilation andAssimilation and
accommodationaccommodation

15. Mexico, California, andMexico, California, and
Florida, 1600Florida, 1600
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
15 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward

16. De Soto in North AmericaDe Soto in North America
(Rare Books Division,(Rare Books Division,
Library of Congress)Library of Congress)
16 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward

17. 17 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 The Empire at High TideThe Empire at High Tide
– Spain’s Vast EmpireSpain’s Vast Empire
– Rigid Royal ControlRigid Royal Control
– A Collision of CulturesA Collision of Cultures

18. 18 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 Biological and Cultural ExchangesBiological and Cultural Exchanges
– Increasing Levels of ExchangeIncreasing Levels of Exchange
– Demographic CatastropheDemographic Catastrophe
– Deliberate Subjugation and ExterminationDeliberate Subjugation and Extermination
– New Crops and Agricultural TechniquesNew Crops and Agricultural Techniques
– A Complex Racial HierarchyA Complex Racial Hierarchy
– Varied Labor SystemsVaried Labor Systems

19. 1633 map of Atlantic1633 map of Atlantic
(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)(Royalty-Free/CORBIS)
19 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward
 Africa and AmericaAfrica and America
– Ghana and MaliGhana and Mali
– Benin, Congo andBenin, Congo and
SonghaySonghay
– Matrilineal SocietiesMatrilineal Societies
– Growth of the AfricanGrowth of the African
Slave TradeSlave Trade

20. Europe and West Africa in the Fifteenth CenturyEurope and West Africa in the Fifteenth Century
20 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Europe Looks WestwardEurope Looks Westward

21. 21 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
– John CabotJohn Cabot
 The Commercial IncentiveThe Commercial Incentive
– The Enclosure MovementThe Enclosure Movement
– Chartered CompaniesChartered Companies
– MercantilismMercantilism
– Richard Hakluyt’s Argument for ColoniesRichard Hakluyt’s Argument for Colonies

22. John CalvinJohn Calvin
(Portrait Gallery)(Portrait Gallery)
22 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
 The Religious IncentiveThe Religious Incentive
– Doctrine ofDoctrine of
PredestinationPredestination
– The EnglishThe English
ReformationReformation
– Puritan SeparatistsPuritan Separatists
– Puritan DiscontentPuritan Discontent

23. 23 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
 The English in IrelandThe English in Ireland
– Subjugation of IrelandSubjugation of Ireland
– The Plantation ModelThe Plantation Model
 The French and the Dutch in AmericaThe French and the Dutch in America
– Coureurs de BoisCoureurs de Bois
– Henry HudsonHenry Hudson
– New AmsterdamNew Amsterdam

24. 24 © 2012, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The Arrival of the EnglishThe Arrival of the English
 The First English SettlementsThe First English Settlements
– The Spanish ArmadaThe Spanish Armada
– Gilbert’s Expedition to NewfoundlandGilbert’s Expedition to Newfoundland
 RoanokeRoanoke
– The First Roanoke ColonyThe First Roanoke Colony
– New Colonial ChartersNew Colonial Charters