Telecom towers have traditionally relied on Gensets and Batteries for their power backup. With these methods, the challenges of high operating costs due to maintenance, repairs and cost of fuel are well known. Fuel cells have lately emerged as a potential alternate for this application. It is a market to watch closely as further technology improvements in the coming years will happen. The time is right to further improve upon the backup power technology. The Government, TRAI and telecom operators will need to work together to make fuel cells usage mainstream. Given the competitiveness of solar power, a hybrid of fuel cell & solar could emerge as a perfect combination which is reliable, sustainable, and a green alternative in future
Increasing Bulk Power Transfer of Renewable Generation with Modular FACTS to ...Power System Operation
As global power systems transition to a new energy future, transmission networks are
increasingly required to enable renewable generation to integrate into energy markets.
The changing generation mix is driving changes to power flow patterns which increase
transmission constraints and curtailment of zero fuel cost and emissions-free
generation.
Developing transmission infrastructure to relieve network constraints involves capital
intensive investment and significant costs to end users. By improving line utilisation,
utilities can reduce generation curtailment, provide increased sharing of geographically
diverse renewable energy resources while saving considerable capital investment by
deferring or eliminating augmentation costs. Modular Flexible Alternating Current
Transmission System (M-FACTS) devices are one such technology that can be
employed to optimise line power flows, allowing utilities to enhance the capability of
existing networks, whilst minimising overall network investment cost and risk.
Recent developments leverage Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
technology to provide a modular solution to improving network utilisation. The modular
SSSC (M-SSSC) is a member of the M-FACTS product family whose modular nature
enables a flexible, no-regrets approach to network investment. These solutions are
economic and allow incremental network augmentation, removing the stumbling block
of high cost-of-entry for many projects, in much quicker timeframes than traditional
network investments. Standard components come off-the-shelf, enabling shorter
project lead-times, matching the timeline of renewable generation developments, for
example.
Energy efficient power control for device to device communication in 5G netw...IJECEIAES
Next generation cellular networks require high capacity, enhanced efficiency of energy and guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To reach these goals, device-to device (D2D) communication is a candidate technologie for future 5th Generation especially applications that require the reuse, the hop and the proximity gain. The present paper studies the energy efficient power control for the uplink of an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) system composed of both regular cellular users and device-to-device (D2D) pairs. First, we analyze and model mathematically the prerequisites for D2D communications and classical cellular links in terms of minimum rate and maximum power requirement. Second, we use fractional programming in order to convert the initial problem into a concave one and we apply non-cooperative game theory in order to characterize the equilibrium. Then, we got the solution of the problem from the results of a water-filling power allocation. Moreover, we employ a distributed design for power allocation by means of three methods: a) Theory of fractional programming b) Closed form expression (the novelty is the use of Wright Omega function). c) Inverse water filling. Finally, simulations in both static and dynamic channel setting are realized to demontrate the enhanced gain in term of EE, SE (spectral efficiency) and time of execution of the iterative algorithm (Dinkelbach) than the closed form algorithms.
Telecom towers have traditionally relied on Gensets and Batteries for their power backup. With these methods, the challenges of high operating costs due to maintenance, repairs and cost of fuel are well known. Fuel cells have lately emerged as a potential alternate for this application. It is a market to watch closely as further technology improvements in the coming years will happen. The time is right to further improve upon the backup power technology. The Government, TRAI and telecom operators will need to work together to make fuel cells usage mainstream. Given the competitiveness of solar power, a hybrid of fuel cell & solar could emerge as a perfect combination which is reliable, sustainable, and a green alternative in future
Increasing Bulk Power Transfer of Renewable Generation with Modular FACTS to ...Power System Operation
As global power systems transition to a new energy future, transmission networks are
increasingly required to enable renewable generation to integrate into energy markets.
The changing generation mix is driving changes to power flow patterns which increase
transmission constraints and curtailment of zero fuel cost and emissions-free
generation.
Developing transmission infrastructure to relieve network constraints involves capital
intensive investment and significant costs to end users. By improving line utilisation,
utilities can reduce generation curtailment, provide increased sharing of geographically
diverse renewable energy resources while saving considerable capital investment by
deferring or eliminating augmentation costs. Modular Flexible Alternating Current
Transmission System (M-FACTS) devices are one such technology that can be
employed to optimise line power flows, allowing utilities to enhance the capability of
existing networks, whilst minimising overall network investment cost and risk.
Recent developments leverage Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC)
technology to provide a modular solution to improving network utilisation. The modular
SSSC (M-SSSC) is a member of the M-FACTS product family whose modular nature
enables a flexible, no-regrets approach to network investment. These solutions are
economic and allow incremental network augmentation, removing the stumbling block
of high cost-of-entry for many projects, in much quicker timeframes than traditional
network investments. Standard components come off-the-shelf, enabling shorter
project lead-times, matching the timeline of renewable generation developments, for
example.
Energy efficient power control for device to device communication in 5G netw...IJECEIAES
Next generation cellular networks require high capacity, enhanced efficiency of energy and guaranteed quality of service (QoS). To reach these goals, device-to device (D2D) communication is a candidate technologie for future 5th Generation especially applications that require the reuse, the hop and the proximity gain. The present paper studies the energy efficient power control for the uplink of an OFDMA (orthogonal frequency-division multiple access) system composed of both regular cellular users and device-to-device (D2D) pairs. First, we analyze and model mathematically the prerequisites for D2D communications and classical cellular links in terms of minimum rate and maximum power requirement. Second, we use fractional programming in order to convert the initial problem into a concave one and we apply non-cooperative game theory in order to characterize the equilibrium. Then, we got the solution of the problem from the results of a water-filling power allocation. Moreover, we employ a distributed design for power allocation by means of three methods: a) Theory of fractional programming b) Closed form expression (the novelty is the use of Wright Omega function). c) Inverse water filling. Finally, simulations in both static and dynamic channel setting are realized to demontrate the enhanced gain in term of EE, SE (spectral efficiency) and time of execution of the iterative algorithm (Dinkelbach) than the closed form algorithms.
Implementing Net Metering in the Developing WorldRuchir Punjabi
Distributed Energy (www.de.energy) is a platform to match investors with renewable energy projects. We are always looking for ways to promote renewable energy growth in developing countries. This Powerpoint was prepared as a case study to promote the implementation of net metering in a particular country and examines its feasibility as an enabling policy and to what extent it is designed to foster private investment in renewable energy and broaden the nation’s energy mix. The case study examines and provides evidence to support the implementation of net metering and puts forward a convincing case from an economic, social and environmental standpoint. Country-specific references further indicate how net metering has helped respective countries achieve their energy targets and facilitated a transition towards clean energy.
This presentation was prepared for the Board of Directors of Baran Group an engineering company, during summer of 2015. The proposal was not accepted for a variety of unrelated non-technical reasons (it is uploaded as is for the record).
Universities as “Smart Cities” in a Globally Connected World - How Will They ...Larry Smarr
09.08.20
Invited Talk
Monash University ITS Strategic Planning Session
RE-INVENT to RE-POSITION – TRANSFORMED BY ICT
Title: Universities as “Smart Cities” in a Globally Connected World - How Will They be Transformed?
Melbourne, Australia
Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System
Modeling and Analysis of Energy Efficient Cellular Networksijtsrd
Energy consumption has become a primary concern in design and operation of wireless communication networks due to two main reasons- Environmental concerns and Cost. The next generation network systems will have to consider energy efficient designs in any aspect. The 5G network which is most awaited today though proposes better data rates but also speaks about energy efficiency in its agenda. Iram Masood Hamdani | Raj Kumar Jain "Modeling and Analysis of Energy Efficient Cellular Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21381.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/21381/modeling-and-analysis-of-energy-efficient-cellular-networks/iram-masood-hamdani
Home Area Networks: A Preferred Choice for Energy EfficiencyCognizant
The day is here when home area networks (HANs) contribute to energy efficiency for utilities and home users; the way forward will be driven by automated demand response (ADR), automated demand side management (DSM), dynamic pricing, and electric vehicle (EV) charging among other key factors.
Design of CPW-fed Capacitive Coupled Patch Antenna for WiGig Applicationsinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Implementing Net Metering in the Developing WorldRuchir Punjabi
Distributed Energy (www.de.energy) is a platform to match investors with renewable energy projects. We are always looking for ways to promote renewable energy growth in developing countries. This Powerpoint was prepared as a case study to promote the implementation of net metering in a particular country and examines its feasibility as an enabling policy and to what extent it is designed to foster private investment in renewable energy and broaden the nation’s energy mix. The case study examines and provides evidence to support the implementation of net metering and puts forward a convincing case from an economic, social and environmental standpoint. Country-specific references further indicate how net metering has helped respective countries achieve their energy targets and facilitated a transition towards clean energy.
This presentation was prepared for the Board of Directors of Baran Group an engineering company, during summer of 2015. The proposal was not accepted for a variety of unrelated non-technical reasons (it is uploaded as is for the record).
Universities as “Smart Cities” in a Globally Connected World - How Will They ...Larry Smarr
09.08.20
Invited Talk
Monash University ITS Strategic Planning Session
RE-INVENT to RE-POSITION – TRANSFORMED BY ICT
Title: Universities as “Smart Cities” in a Globally Connected World - How Will They be Transformed?
Melbourne, Australia
Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System Staggering in Power System
Modeling and Analysis of Energy Efficient Cellular Networksijtsrd
Energy consumption has become a primary concern in design and operation of wireless communication networks due to two main reasons- Environmental concerns and Cost. The next generation network systems will have to consider energy efficient designs in any aspect. The 5G network which is most awaited today though proposes better data rates but also speaks about energy efficiency in its agenda. Iram Masood Hamdani | Raj Kumar Jain "Modeling and Analysis of Energy Efficient Cellular Networks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21381.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/21381/modeling-and-analysis-of-energy-efficient-cellular-networks/iram-masood-hamdani
Home Area Networks: A Preferred Choice for Energy EfficiencyCognizant
The day is here when home area networks (HANs) contribute to energy efficiency for utilities and home users; the way forward will be driven by automated demand response (ADR), automated demand side management (DSM), dynamic pricing, and electric vehicle (EV) charging among other key factors.
Design of CPW-fed Capacitive Coupled Patch Antenna for WiGig Applicationsinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
The Israel Exporter business platform provides extensive exposure for exporters, including lead generation, exhibition marketing support before and after, utilizing the Social media, business contacts, newsletters, B2B websites and much more.
See www.israelexporter.com and call 972 3- 6703334 for further details
Away from the crowded, hectic and fast paced city of Pune, a masterpiece is fast becoming reality at a pristine 100 acre riverside expanse, 20 minutes from Lonavala, woven around 45 acre signature golf course designed by legendry golfer Greg Norman. A clubhouse, restaurant and Spa managed by the most premium five star resort and Spa group, Evason by Six Senses to bring you fine dining and rejuvenation options that vary from traditional to exotic. Every element of this beautiful world is handcrafted by us keeping in mind the delectable lifestyle preferences of people like you, who appreciate no less than perfection.
Evaluation of Utility Advanced Distribution Management System (ADMS) and Prot...Power System Operation
Practical and cost-effective communications solutions are needed to enable control of the growing number of integrated distributed energy resources (DERs) and grid-edge local aggregator devices such as home energy management systems. Each year, the total installed photovoltaic (PV) system capacity increases by an estimated 5 GW, over half of which is interconnected to the distribution system.1 PV’s increasing penetration—already accounting for the bulk of DER capacity—underscores the need to enable and manage its continued integration on the distribution system.2 Much previous work has shown that advanced distribution management systems (ADMS), which are effectively integration platforms for various grid control and visibility applications, can help enable the integration of higher levels of PV while also improving the overall performance and efficiency of the distribution circuit. Greater connectivity and controllability of utility- and customer-owned equipment increases the level of DER integration and overall circuit performance.3 The required performance of the enabling communications system, however, has been less thoroughly studied and is often greatly oversimplified in ADMS performance analysis. The availability of new technologies such as distributed sensors, two-way secure communications, advanced software for data management, and intelligent and autonomous controllers is driving the identification of communications standards and general requirements,4 but the link between the communications system and the expected performance of a utility-implemented control system such as an ADMS or other communications-reliant protective function requires further investigation.
Rebooting The Electronics Industry After The Economic CrisisPaul Brody
The reeling financial markets are challenging global business leaders to aggressively rethink their strategies. Across the electronics industry, effects are likely to be quite different, reflecting the enormous diversity of the industry itself. From consumer electronics to medical devices, industry sub-segments will have to respond – each in its own way – to lower consumer spending and stricter access to capital.
The definition of the "Smart Grid" is something that is taking shape. Utility professionals concur on some aspects and ideas of what the smart grid should be, but there are still grey areas that, however, promise to become clearer soon.
Green Future Networks: Network Energy EfficiencyIPLOOK Networks
Focusing on improving the network energy efficiency to lower the energy consumption of mobile network, the white paper comprehensively analyzes the energy-saving solutions for 5G mobile network.
The release of Green Future Networks not only indicates a direction towards the green development of global mobile network, but also enlarges the global influence of China 's telecom industry.
Learn more:
https://www.iplook.com/info/green-future-networks-network-energy-efficiency-was-officially-released-on-ngmn-i00110i1.html
Mobile Networks: Energy Use & Sustainabilityjrowley_ie
Presentation on energy use by mobile networks and potential for sustainability gains in workshop 'Optical Communication Energy Efficiency – A Looming Crisis?' at the OECC/ACOFT conference, Melbourne, Australia, 6 July 2014
Manufacturing of abc (aerial bundled cable) conductors.Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Manufacturing of ABC (Aerial Bundled Cable) Conductors. Investment Opportunities in Overhead Power Distribution Sector.
Aerial bundled conductors or simply ABC are overhead power lines using several insulated phase conductors bundled tightly together, usually with a bare neutral conductor. Aerial Bundled Cable (ABC) is an innovative concept for Over Head (OH) power distribution. This variation of overhead power lines utilizes the same principles as bundled conductors, except that they are closer together to the point of touching but each conductor is surrounded by an insulating layer (except for the neutral line).
For More Details, Click Here: https://niir.org/profile-project-reports/profiles/wire-amp-cable-projects/z,,76,28,a/index.html?_sort_by=default
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Battery storage: The next disruptive technology in the power sectorCluster TWEED
Storage prices are dropping much faster than anyone expected, due to the growing market for consumer electronics and demand for electric vehicles (EVs). Major players in Asia, Europe, and the United States are all scaling up lithium-ion manufacturing to serve EV and other power applications. No surprise, then, that battery-pack costs are down to less than $230 per kilowatt-hour in 2016, compared with almost $1,000 per kilowatt-hour in 2010.
Maravedis-Rethink:White Paper Sensification SCWSWi-Fi 360
This short paper looks at the requirement for densification; the scale of capacity that operators will need by 2018; and the critical enablers, such as self-optimizing network (SON) technology. The data points referenced come from surveys of over 75 mobile operators by Maravedis-Rethink’s RAN Research Service. Fuller findings will be published in June 2014 in a report entitled ‘Towards the Hyper-Dense Network: the shape of the HetNet 2013-2019’.
Similar to The rise of green mobile telecom towers (20)
Feedback has been coined as a buzzword. It is undeserved: asking for help and actually listening to the resulting opinions is uncomfortable but very useful.
Concrete wind towers: a low-tech innovation for a high-tech sectorRomeu Gaspar
Innovation does not need to be cutting edge, it only needs to solve a problem: three reasons why wind energy is borrowing solutions from the construction sector.
Plano de Acção para Energia Sustentável de ÁguedaRomeu Gaspar
O presente documento identifica, caracteriza e quantifica as acções de redução de emissões de carbono que permitirão a Águeda responder ao Pacto de Autarcas.
O Concelho de Águeda, situado na região centro litoral de Portugal, tem uma área de cerca de 335 km2 e uma população de 50.000 habitantes. É um concelho fortemente industrializado, com um enfoque na indústria metalomecânica. Nos últimos anos o concelho tem feito um esforço para expandir e complementar a sua actividade empresarial, em particular em áreas inovadoras. É exemplo disso o cluster de tecnologia de iluminação, que reúne na região quatro das maiores empresas nacionais nesta área.
Este Plano de Acção para a Energia Sustentável (PAES) insere-se pois numa estratégia mais vasta de desenvolvimento económico, social e ambiental, devendo as suas acções também gerar benefícios económicos, atrair investimento externo e potenciar a comunicação de temas de sustentabilidade ambiental, tanto interna como externa.
O PAES inclui acções infraestruturais (i.e. que implicam alterações em infraestruturas, equipamentos ou processos) e acções comportamentais (i.e. que implicam alterações de comportamento nos munícipes, empresas e demais entidades da região), nas áreas da energia, transportes e resíduos. No total foram identificadas 20 acções (13 infraestruturais e 7 comportamentais), que se subdividem em cerca de 65 iniciativas específicas para cada um dos sectores do concelho (Doméstico, Agricultura, Indústria, Serviços e Município).
Cerca de 30% destas iniciativas já estão, em parte ou na sua totalidade, em fase de implementação, e serão expandidas e complementadas com as restantes iniciativas durante o período 2011-2020.
No total, o PAES permitirá uma redução de 33% das emissões do concelho até 2020, face ao ano de referência (2002). Associadas a estes benefícios ambientais, as medidas resultarão também poupança de custos de cerca de 8 milhões de Euros por ano para os munícipes, empresas e autarquia.
O investimento necessário para colocar em prática estas acções é de cerca de 3,3 milhões de Euros por ano, mas a maior parte deste valor poderá ser suportado por financiamento externo (incentivos públicos, financiamento bancário, modelos ESE e transacção de certificados brancos e créditos de carbono), reduzindo-se o montante suportado pelos munícipes, empresas e autarquia para 1,2 milhões de Euros por ano.
Manual de Boas Práticas em Eco-eficiência para EmpresasRomeu Gaspar
A ecoeficiência foi um termo introduzido pelo World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) em 1992, originalmente utilizado para descrever a minimização do impacto ambiental na produção de bens e serviços. Este termo foi adoptado para a elaboração deste Manual de Boas Práti- cas para Empresas Ecoeficientes, que tem como objectivo divulgar boas práticas junto das empresas que lhes permitam obter benefícios ambientais e económicos.
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Este manual pretende apresentar algumas medidas para que todos possamos contribuir para um desenvolvimento sustentável, ajudando a utilizar a energia de uma forma eficiente e a um consumo mais racional. Adoptando estas medidas estará não só a reduzir as suas emissões mas também a poupar na sua factura.
Tackle climate change with tried and true persuasion techniquesRomeu Gaspar
The greater good is a worthy motive to address climate change, but it’s not a particularly effective persuasion technique. Routine, reward and social proof work far better.
X & Y: saving the environment & the economyRomeu Gaspar
In these dire economic times, organizations across Europe are postponing environmental goals. They shouldn’t: this is one of those areas where you can have the cake and eat it too.
Yes, but probably not just yet. The latest iterations of the venerable internal combustion engine are still competitive, both from an environmental and an economical standpoint.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
Stay ahead of the curve with our premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions. Our expert developers utilize MongoDB, Express.js, AngularJS, and Node.js to create modern and responsive web applications. Trust us for cutting-edge solutions that drive your business growth and success.
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Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
Event Report - SAP Sapphire 2024 Orlando - lots of innovation and old challengesHolger Mueller
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VAT Registration Outlined In UAE: Benefits and Requirementsuae taxgpt
Vat Registration is a legal obligation for businesses meeting the threshold requirement, helping companies avoid fines and ramifications. Contact now!
https://viralsocialtrends.com/vat-registration-outlined-in-uae/
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3.0 Project 2_ Developing My Brand Identity Kit.pptxtanyjahb
A personal brand exploration presentation summarizes an individual's unique qualities and goals, covering strengths, values, passions, and target audience. It helps individuals understand what makes them stand out, their desired image, and how they aim to achieve it.
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This 60-minute webinar, sponsored by Adobe, was delivered for the Training Mag Network. It explored the five elements of SPARK: Storytelling, Purpose, Action, Relationships, and Kudos. Knowing how to tell a well-structured story is key to building long-term memory. Stating a clear purpose that doesn't take away from the discovery learning process is critical. Ensuring that people move from theory to practical application is imperative. Creating strong social learning is the key to commitment and engagement. Validating and affirming participants' comments is the way to create a positive learning environment.
The world of search engine optimization (SEO) is buzzing with discussions after Google confirmed that around 2,500 leaked internal documents related to its Search feature are indeed authentic. The revelation has sparked significant concerns within the SEO community. The leaked documents were initially reported by SEO experts Rand Fishkin and Mike King, igniting widespread analysis and discourse. For More Info:- https://news.arihantwebtech.com/search-disrupted-googles-leaked-documents-rock-the-seo-world/
Helen Lubchak: Тренди в управлінні проєктами та miltech (UA)
The rise of green mobile telecom towers
1. The rise of green mobile telecom
towers
January 2013
www .t hi s i sxy .c o m
2. X&Y Partners
The rise of green mobile telecom towers
Contacts:
Romeu Gaspar
romeu.gaspar@thisisxy.com
UK: +44 (20) 3239 5245 | PT: +351 210 961 834
Skype: xypartners
2
3. X&Y Partners
The rise of green mobile telecom towers
The rise of green mobile telecom towers
Recent developm ents in powered by renewable energy.
renew able energies m ight
Global mobile telephony subscriptions
overthrow the diesel generator
will continue to grow over the next 5
as the technology of choice for
years (Exhibit 1). Increased
off-grid m obile base stations.
subscriptions and traffic will drive
Renewable energy has evolved demand for additional base stations,
considerably over the last couple of particularly in emergent regions:
years. So much, in fact, that solutions Analysys Mason, a
recently deemed to be unfeasible telecommunications research firm,
might now warrant a second look. predicts that 3 out of 4 base stations
Take mobile telecom operators, for will be deployed in emergent markets.
instance: diesel generators are usually A non-negligible part of these base
preferred over renewable energy stations will need to be deployed in
based solutions for remote off-grid remote regions with no access to the
base stations, because they are electrical grid. Diesel or propane
cheaper and more reliable. In this generators are often used to power
article we explore three recent these off-grid telecom towers (Exhibit
developments that might tilt the 2), despite the high operation &
balance in favor of telecom towers maintenance costs. These generators
Exhibit 1 – 2008-2017 mobile telecom subscriptions, by region.
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The rise of green mobile telecom towers
Exhibit 2 – Example of a base station powered by a diesel generator (left), and one integrating
solar PV (right)
are sometimes combined with longer the case: PV module spot
renewable energy (typically solar PV, prices have fallen 65% since 2001 and
wind, or both) but 100% renewable 73% since 2007 (Exhibit 3), putting PV
energy systems are rare, since the closer to wind energy, one of the
lower operation & maintenance costs cheapest sources of renewable
are usually not enough to offset the energy. This decrease is mainly the
higher capital costs and the risk of result of lower producing costs and
intermittence due to the lack of solar or manufacturing overcapacity. In the
wind resources. Three recent short-term prices are expected to
developments might change this, stabilize or even increase slightly, as
particularly for solar PV based supply and demand rebalance. In the
solutions deployed in the sunbelt longer-term however, prices should
countries: lower PV prices, more continue to decrease, fuelled by
robust off-grid technology, and a technological advances and more
broader availability of ESCOs (Energy efficient manufacturing processes (a
Service Companies). topic we discuss in detail here).
Decreasing solar PV prices
Solar photovoltaic has historically
been one of the most capital-intensive
forms of renewable energy. That is no
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The rise of green mobile telecom towers
Exhibit 3 – 2001-2012 PV module spot prices
More robust off-grid technology is not the case with off-grid base
Most of the existing PV and wind stations, hindering the use of standard
installations are grid-connected. That standalone PV and wind solutions.
means that cloudy or windless days Industries such as mining and military
are not an issue, since the electrical faced a similar challenge, and have
grid will act as a backup system. That been pushing the development of
Exhibit 4 – 2012-2018 market value for micro-grids, by region
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The rise of green mobile telecom towers
Exhibit 5 – 2012-2021 market value storage for systems, by technology
more robust off-grid technologies. One Broader availability of ESCOs
of these developments is the micro-
Even with improved economics and
grid, a combination of hardware and
reliability, deploying green base
software that allows for the integration
stations might not be a sound
and optimized management of multiple
investment for many telecom
energy sources, both conventional and
operators, as it veers off their core
renewable (not unlike a mobile phone
business. ESCOs, or Energy Service
managing Wi-Fi and 3G networks to
Companies, are arguably a better
ensure a continuous data stream).
alternative: these companies will pay
Market value for these micro-grids is
for and install the necessary
expected to grow 25% per year from
equipment, and sell the generated
2012 to 2018 (Exhibit 4).
power to the telecom operator. The
Advanced storage systems are electricity price is set via a PPA
another relevant development, (Power Purchase Agreement) and will
allowing for a more efficient and cost- depend on the characteristics of the
effective storage of energy. The base station, duration of the contract
market for these systems is expected and risk-sharing model. ESCO models
to grow 25% per year from 2012 to have become widespread in energy
2021 (Exhibit 5), following an efficiency contracts for buildings, and
increasing demand from multiple are now available for a wide range of
industries and applications. applications. In the US alone, ESCO
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The rise of green mobile telecom towers
Exhibit 6 – 2010-2020 US market value for ESCO services, by application
services are expected to grow into a overthrow the diesel generator as the
16B$ business by 2020 (Exhibit 6). technology of choice for off-grid mobile
base stations.
In conclusion, lower PV prices, more
robust off-grid technology and a
broader availability of ESCOs might
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