The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy and spread across Europe over time. Key developments included greater emphasis on secular and humanist ideas, advances in painting like realistic depictions and use of perspective, and highly realistic sculptures. Scientists like Leonardo da Vinci began making detailed observations and experiments, questioning established ideas. Politically, powerful rulers like the Medicis in Florence held power for a long time through building armies, sponsoring the arts, and defeating enemies, until being temporarily ousted, after which Machiavelli's The Prince analyzed realpolitik.

1. The Renaissance

2. Speeding Ticket with …..
• Do First:
– What were the Renaissance?
– Spreading of the Renaissance?

3. What were the Renaissance?
•It was the rebirth of thinking
•Started in Italy in the 14th century
(1300 – 1500)
•Why do you think it started in Italy??
•Where Rome was, center of all trade
routes

4. Spreading of the Renaissance
•Crusades strengthened trade with the East
•Trade helped spread new ideas.
•Trade also made people rich and able to
support the arts & make the city beautiful.
(now use $$ NOT bartering)
•Marco Polo

5. Think about this…
1. Should a religion rule the
country?
2. Should you judge a person by
their $$ or their brain?

6. Humanists
•Separation of church and state for the first
time
•The mind is important not the social class
•The individual is important…and so is
your time on this Earth, not just the
afterlife

7. Architecture

8. To construct a cupola, or dome, that wouldn’t collapse, Brunelleschi designed a dome
to fit the octagonal (eight-sided) base. His cupola has eight massive marble ribs, or
arches, that interlock at the lantern at the top of the dome. The weight of these ribs is
supported by hoops of oak, iron, and brick that bind them to the base. Over and under
the ribs are twin domes, or shells— an inner dome and an outer dome. Between these
two domes are 8 large ribs and 16 smaller ribs connected by bricks for additional
support.

9. Three ideas the Renaissance
used from Rome/ Greece?
•Dome
•Columns
•Arches

10. How did Brunelleschi build
the dome?
•He used 8 arches that met in the
middle that supported the most weight

11. • In our demo:
• What did we use as our
arches?
• What was our base?
• What was the beach ball?

12. Painting
The School of Athens

13. Who was one of the
most famous patrons
of the arts?
•The Medicis

14. Advances in paintings
•Lifelike
•Perspective – making the painting look 3-D
•Making objects smaller and larger
•Depth
•Lines that meet in the middle of a
painting
•Oil painting

16. Sculpture
Michelangelo steadily chiseled away at a
giant, misshapen block of marble for two
years before he completed his David in
1504. Florentine leaders immediately
recognized the work’s tremendous
artistic value. When they placed David on
a pedestal and installed the enormous
sculpture in the plaza of the city hall, the
people of Florence celebrated with
dancing and parades. The David quickly
established Michelangelo as the greatest
sculptor in all of Italy. Can you sculpt?

17. What were the sculptures
like?
•Realistic like Rome
•Free standing like Rome & Greece
•The statues had personality

18. Some great sculptors of the
time were:
Michelangelo
Donatello

19. Sculpt the Eye

20. Advances in Science
& Math
Leonardo is said to have painted in the church of
Orsanmichele. But his skills and interests took
him all over Florence. No matter where Leonardo
was, he constantly searched for knowledge. He
kept detailed notes and complex drawings on
hundreds of subjects. Many of these drawings
anticipated inventions long before their time.
Most of the 4,200 pages of notes he kept were
written in reverse script, or backward, so that they
could only be read easily if held up to a mirror.
Some historians think Leonardo did this to
prevent people from stealing his ideas.

21. Who was one of the most
influential thinkers of the
Renaissance?
•Leonardo da Vinci

22. How did the study of science
change during the
Renaissance?
•They questioned old ideas, made
observations, performed experiments,
and analyzed results
(does this sound familiar)

23. What are some of da Vinci’s
advances?

24. Politics
The Quotes are on the table
directly in front of this one!
Make sure to comment!

25. How were the Medicis able to
rule for so long?
•They built a powerful army, involved of every
aspect of city life, sponsored all types of arts,
and defeated their enemies
One day a revolution broke out and the Medici went
into temporary exile….in the mean time a man
named Machiavelli wrote The Prince

26. Machiavelli’s The Prince
•It was really important
because it showed how the
government of Italy really
worked during the
Renaissance

27. Machiavelli's quote
A prince should have no other aim or
thought, nor take up any other thing
for his study, but war and its
organization and discipline, for that
is the only art that is necessary to
one who commands

28. Machiavelli's quote
Thus, it is well to seem merciful,
faithful, humane, sincere, religious,
and also to be so; but you must
have the mind so disposed that
when it is merciful to be otherwise
you may be able to change to the
opposite qualities

29. Machiavelli's quote
In the actions of men, and especially of
princes, from which there is no
appeal, the end justifies the means.