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1. Kara-lea foster

2. Method :Purple
Advantages: Green
Dis-advantages: Red
Other: Blue

3. A metal plate is covered with a waxy
material ( Drawing surface) which is
resistant to acid. The artist then
scratches off the wax with a pointed
etching needle where he or she
wants a line to appear in the finished
piece, (so exposing the bare metal).
Low Cost Tools
Low Cost Design Changes
High precision
Time consuming
Types of etching:
1.Non-plasma based = uses spontaneous
reaction of appropriate reactive gas mixture.
2.Plasma based = uses radio frequency (RF)
power to drive chemical reaction.
Need for specialized
(expensive) equipment
Some gases are quite toxic and corrosive.

4. The linocuts are
tough and sturdy.
The linoleum is then aligned onto the lino presser slider.
Next a paper is also aligned on to the slider and on top of
the lino. A sheet is placed over the slider it is sealed with
the cover. Afterwards, the slider is rolled to the presser
where the handle is pulled to apply the pressure where
printing of lino is enabled.
Lino has smooth
texture which can
easily be worked on.
It is bendy and tough which
enables it to be handled well
and can be cut into it easily.
It is difficult to get into detail
.e.g. faecal expressions.
Mistakes are
irreversible( you would
have to start again).
limited colour application(
not many colours per
picture), hard to clean/ get off
your hands.
After Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse used
the technique to advantage in the 1950s,
many other artists adopted linocut art.

5. Screen printing is a printing
technique that uses a woven mesh to
support an ink-blocking stencil to
receive a desired image. The attached
stencil forms open areas of mesh that
transfer ink or other printable
materials.
Screen printing is also a
stencil method of print
making ( in which a design is
imposed on a screen of
polyester or other fine mesh)
The screen printing
process allows us to print
images and text on a
variety of promotional or
personal items.
As no heavy/big machines
and related tools are used,
the hand screen printing
requires a smaller amount of
space to install.
Images for screen printing
have to be simple in
design which can be
tricky. (reduced to definite
lines or shapes that will
print well).
Most hand-stencils are very
fragile and break down
faster than emulsion-based
processes.
The stencils can be
reused many times, they
can eventually become
warped and uneven.
In hand screen printing
procedures various colours
can be used effectively.( this
could make them look nicer)

6. Woodcut (occasionally known as
xylography) is a relief printing
artistic technique in printmaking
in which an image is carved into
the surface of a block of wood,
with the printing parts remaining
level with the surface while the
non-printing parts are removed,
usually with gouges. Good quality final image.
Shows that it has taken a lot
of hard work and
perseverance to get right.
Can be very time consuming.
Wastes a lot of material if
the design goes wrong.
If you are writing and
make a spelling mistake
there is no going back
and you will have to start
again.
If you can create
amazing art with the
woodcut technique you
could become sort after
because it is a dying
trade.

7. Lithography is a method of
printing, originally based on
the principle that oil and
water do not mix. Printing is
from a stone (limestone) or a
metal plate with a smooth
surface.
Lithography requires less
effort than some other
printing processes such as
engraving.
Lithography is also a process
that is used to create posters
from an original artwork.
(lithographic reproduction).
These reproductions are less
expensive than an original
drawing or painting by an
artist and a larger audience
can buy and enjoy them.
Using
lithography,
many prints
can be made
from the
same
drawing.
The length of time is
another disadvantage (it
can be up to 40 hours just
for the drawing time).
The amounts of
lithographic prints
are limited.
The supplies are complex
and highly specialized; even
with the use of modern
machines, the process is
expensive.

9. Parts to be printed are raised
up from the base plate.
Letterpress printing can be
used to produce both text and
pictures.
You can use a large
variety of paper and
colours.
The completed sheets are
then taken to dry and for
finishing, depending on
the variety of printed
matter being produced.
Hand presses generally required two people to
operate them: one to ink the type, the other to work
the press. (Later mechanized jobbing presses require
a single operator to feed and remove the paper, as the
inking and pressing are done automatically.)
It is easy to create
copies due to the
raised pictures or text.
They are better for formal
invites or card than a
normal printer.
Printed images are likely
to be unevenly inked.
Pictures are
quite costly.
Time consuming because
the ink needs time to dry.

10. Gravure printed products include:
Food packaging
Wall paper
Wrapping paper
Furniture laminates
Panelling
Greeting cards
Magazines
With gravure printing an image is etched on the
surface of a metal plate or cylinder so that the
image you want to print is in the recesses or
depressions not the raised part of the plate. The
recesses are filled with ink and the raised.
Its main disadvantage
is the high cost that it
takes to print.
The photographic
quality is clear
and good.
The images and text
can be printed in a
large range of bright
colours.
The process
takes a long
time.
The printing
quality, while high,
is not quite as good
as photogravure or
rotogravure
printing.
The printing leaves a
clean and detailed
image every time.

11. The stencil is attached to the under side of the
screen. The exact procedure depends on the type
of stencil used. The material to be printed is
placed on the base, and the screen is lowered over
it. A generous quantity of ink is put at the top of
the pattern, but outside the printing area.
Is cost-efficient.
Is no good for
small orders.
high quality colour
matching as well as
crisp text
There is a wide range of
materials you can use that
include:
Silk
Nylon
lower resolution is not
well suited for raster
graphics such as
photographs.
a method of printing using a fine
mesh of silk, nylon, etc, treated
with an impermeable coating
except in the areas through which
ink is subsequently forced onto
the paper behind.
high setup costs for
silk screening.

13. Most current photocopiers use a technology
called xerography, a dry process that uses
electrostatic charges on a light sensitive
photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer
toner particles onto paper in the form of an
image. Heat, pressure or a combination of both
is then used to fuse the toner onto the paper.
The first popular photocopier, the Xerox 914, took the
business world by storm in 1959. If it was released
today, however, it would never get past health and
safety. Not only did over-use of the device risk
overheating, the device would commonly burst into
flames after one too many copies.
A photocopier machine is very
heavy, you won't be able to move it
around easily. The photocopying
A lot of copies can
be made at once.
The copied that are made are
very accurate and clear.
Photocopiers are cheaper to use
compared to using a printer.
A photocopier is a big machine,
so it will take up a lot of space.
machine itself is very
expensive.

14. It very rapidly produces high-quality text
and graphics by repeatedly passing a laser
beam back & forth over a charged
cylindrical drum, to define a charged
image. The drum then selectively collects
electrically-charged, toner and transfers
the image to the loaded paper, which is
then heated in order to permanently fuse
the text/imagery.
As a normal part of the printing process, the high voltages
inside the printer can produce a corona discharge that
generates a small amount of ionized oxygen and nitrogen,
forming ozone and nitrogen oxides.
Print quality is good.
The machine is noiseless.
Printing is slower and therefore
inkjets aren't designed for high
volume printing.
Printing speed is high.
Running an inkjet printer over
time is a more expensive than a
laser printer.
Prints emerge from the printer slightly
wet and may need time to dry.

15. Aqueous ink is sensitive to
water, even a small drop of
water can cause blurring.
Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing
that creates a digital image by propelling
droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other
substrates. Inkjet printers are the most
commonly used type of printer.
No warm up time needed before use.
Print head is less durable,
prone to clogging and damage.
Capable of printing in vivid
colour, good for printing pictures.
Ink bleeding, ink carried sideways causing
blurred effects on some papers.
There is a high quality of output, capable
of printing fine and smooth details.
Inkjet documents can have poor to
excellent archival durability,
depending on the quality of the inks
and paper used. If low-quality paper is
used, it can yellow and degrade due to
residual acid in the untreated pulp, in
the worst case, old prints can literally
crumble into dust when handled

16. Desktop publishing is the creation of documents
using page layout skills on a personal computer.
Desktop publishing software can generate layouts
and produce text and images. This technology
allows individuals, businesses, and other
organizations to self-publish a wide range of
printed matter
There is more control
over the way text is
arranged and formatted.
It is time consuming to edit together
a whole leaflet/ document yourself.
DTP can be used to bring lots of different
files together on the same document.
There can be a large
reduction in creativity.
Text and pictures can be
moved and changed so they fit
he space you have perfectly.
You have to be quite skilled to
use DTP (computer/ editing
knowledge).
Desktop publishing began in 1983 with a program
developed by James Bessen at a community
newspaper in Philadelphia.